有机化合物中英文命名-2
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OH C-C-C 2-propanol C C-C-C-C-C OH C 4,4-dimethylpentan-2-ol C C-C-C OH 2-methylpropan-2-ol Cl-C-C-C-OH 3-chloropropanol
2、醇- Alcohols
Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + alcohol
* methoxy-, ethoxy-, etc., depending upon the R group
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
Systematic name: prefix “halo-： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-” + the name of alkane 系统命名法：卤素取代基（ halo： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- ）+烷烃名 Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide 俗名法：烷基取代基+ Halide（ fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide）
OH CH3
2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol
OH
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
Systematic name: the name of alkane + thiol 系统命名法：烷烃名称alkane加上后缀“thiol”
CH3
H2 C H3C C H2
SH
SH
1-propanethiol
OH C-C-C
OH
isopropyl alcohol
C C-C-C tert-butyl alcohol OH
OH
2-cyclopenten-1-ol
phenol
2、醇- Alcohols
◆
Alcohols containing more than one OH group Systematic name: suffix: -diol, -triol… Trivial name: glycol(乙二醇), glycerol （丙三醇）…
规则：去掉烃名称Alkane，Alkene，Alkyne 的最后一个字母e，加上后缀 “ol”
2、醇- Alcohols
Systematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
C-C-C Cl C C-C-Cl C 2-chloropropane isopropyl chloride
异丙基氯化物
2-chloro-2-methylpropane tert-butyl chloride 叔丁基氯化物
C C-C-C-Cl 1-chloro-2-methylpropane isobutyl chloride
3、官能团化合物 Functional compounds
有机化合物的命名
系统命名 IUPAC names (systematic names) 俗名法 trivial names (popular names)
国际理论和应用化学联合会
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
内酯和内酰胺-Lactones and lactams 缩醛和缩酮-Acetals and ketals 亚胺-Imines 氢过氧化物-Hydroperoxides 过氧化二乙醚-Ether peroxides (ROOR’) 过氧酸-Acid peroxides
O R COOH
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
3-mercapto1-cyclopentene
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
Trivial name ：the name of alkyl group + mercaptan
trivial names: C-C-SH ethyl mercaptan
C C-C-C-SH isobutyl mercaptan
C-O-C=C C-C-O-C-C methyl vinyl ether diethyl ether C C6H5CH2O-C-C benzyl isopropyl ether
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Trivial name:
C2H5 O C2H5
CH3
(di)ethyl ether
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
I H3C C H CH3
2-iodopropane isopropyl iodide
CH3
Br
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
2-bromoisohexane
1、一些卤代烃的专用名称
Some special names for alkyl halides: CHX3 chloroform bromoform iodoform
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name: name the simple OR group as a substituent, the long chain as a parent body 规则：简单的烷氧基作为取代基，长碳链作为 主链
CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-Omethoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy C5H11OC6H13Osuffix: -yloxy pentyloxy hexyloxy
H3C
CH2
CH O CH3
sec-butyl methyl ether仲丁基
2-methoxybutane
CH3 H3C CH2 O CH CH3
（卤素取代基）halo:
fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
（卤化物） Halide: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
取代基 substituents
Some Functional Groups Named as Prefixes
Structure -OR -NH2 -N=N-Br -Cl -F -H -I -NO2 -NO Name Alkoxy- * AminoAzoBromoChloroFluoroHydroIodoNitroNitroso-
0-mercaptotoluene
mercapto 含巯基的，含硫氢基的
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
systematic names: C-C-SH ethanethiol C-C-C-C=C SCH 3 C C-C-C-C-SH 2-methylbutanethiol SH
4-methylthio-1pentene
官能团化合物
卤代烃-Alkyl halides
醇- Alcohols 硫醇-Thiols 醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM) 硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM) 醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
官能团化合物
环氧化合物-Epoxides 硫化物-Sulfides R1-S-R2)
CH2Cl2 methylene chloride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
Cl3C-CCl3 perchloro ethane
2、醇- Alcohols
Rule ： The name of alcohol are given by replacing the final letter “e” of the name of alkane（Alkene，Alkyne） with the suffix “ol ”
OH OH CH2 CH2
C C C OH OH
OH HO-C-C-C-OH
glycerol ethylene glycol propylene glycol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-propanediol 1,2,3-propanetriol
2、醇- Alcohols
OH CH H3C CH3
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Trivial name: list the names of both groups that attached to the oxygen in an alphabetic order + ether 俗名法：按照字母顺序列出和氧原子相连的两个 烷基+ ether
4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
Systematic name: The name of cation + the name of R group + oxide 规则：阳离子名称+取代基R名称+oxide
4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
胺-Amines 醛-Aldehydes 酮-Ketones 羧酸-Carboxylic acids
官能团化合物
酰胺-Amides 酯-Ester 羧酸盐-The salts of acids 酸酐-Carboxylic anhydrides 酰氯-Acyl halides 腈-Nitriles
官能团化合物
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name
C-C-C-C=C OC 4-methoxy-1-pentene C2H5-O CH3
CH3OCH2CH2OCH3 1,2-dimethoxyethane
p-ethoxytoluene
4H
O furan O
o o
tetrahydrofuran 1,4-dioxane
朱金丽
有机化合物的命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
朱金丽
有机化合物的命名
非官能团化合物 Nonfunctional Compounds
1烃类------（烷烃《 Alkane》烯烃《 Alkene》炔烃 《Alkyne》） 2单环化合物（Monocyclic compounds）
命名规则
halo + the name of alkane ---- halo+烷烃的名称 The name of alkyl group + halide---烷基 + halide 卤素—halogen---halo 卤化物----halide
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
卤族元素
Symbol F Cl Br I English Names Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
2-propanol isopropanol
2、醇- Alcohols
CH3 CH H3C CH2 C3H7 CH CH CH3 OH
Cl Cl
5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanol
H HO
CH3
3,4-dichloro-2-butanol
2、醇- Alcohols
HO
2-cyclopentenol
Trivial name ：the name of cation + the name of R
group + sulfide
规则： 系统命名法：阳离子名称+硫醇名称+ 后缀ate 俗名法：阳离子名称+取代基R+sulfide
5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)
来自百度文库
LiS
lithium tert-butyl sulfide CH3 CH3 lithium tert-butanethiolate CH3 lithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate
CH3 CH H3C C H2 H2 C OK
potassium isopentyl oxide
O- NH4+
ammonium cyclohexyl oxide
5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)
Systematic name: the name of cation + the name of thiol + ate
2、醇- Alcohols
Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + alcohol
* methoxy-, ethoxy-, etc., depending upon the R group
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
Systematic name: prefix “halo-： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-” + the name of alkane 系统命名法：卤素取代基（ halo： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- ）+烷烃名 Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide 俗名法：烷基取代基+ Halide（ fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide）
OH CH3
2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol
OH
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
Systematic name: the name of alkane + thiol 系统命名法：烷烃名称alkane加上后缀“thiol”
CH3
H2 C H3C C H2
SH
SH
1-propanethiol
OH C-C-C
OH
isopropyl alcohol
C C-C-C tert-butyl alcohol OH
OH
2-cyclopenten-1-ol
phenol
2、醇- Alcohols
◆
Alcohols containing more than one OH group Systematic name: suffix: -diol, -triol… Trivial name: glycol(乙二醇), glycerol （丙三醇）…
规则：去掉烃名称Alkane，Alkene，Alkyne 的最后一个字母e，加上后缀 “ol”
2、醇- Alcohols
Systematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
C-C-C Cl C C-C-Cl C 2-chloropropane isopropyl chloride
异丙基氯化物
2-chloro-2-methylpropane tert-butyl chloride 叔丁基氯化物
C C-C-C-Cl 1-chloro-2-methylpropane isobutyl chloride
3、官能团化合物 Functional compounds
有机化合物的命名
系统命名 IUPAC names (systematic names) 俗名法 trivial names (popular names)
国际理论和应用化学联合会
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
内酯和内酰胺-Lactones and lactams 缩醛和缩酮-Acetals and ketals 亚胺-Imines 氢过氧化物-Hydroperoxides 过氧化二乙醚-Ether peroxides (ROOR’) 过氧酸-Acid peroxides
O R COOH
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
3-mercapto1-cyclopentene
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
Trivial name ：the name of alkyl group + mercaptan
trivial names: C-C-SH ethyl mercaptan
C C-C-C-SH isobutyl mercaptan
C-O-C=C C-C-O-C-C methyl vinyl ether diethyl ether C C6H5CH2O-C-C benzyl isopropyl ether
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Trivial name:
C2H5 O C2H5
CH3
(di)ethyl ether
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
I H3C C H CH3
2-iodopropane isopropyl iodide
CH3
Br
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
2-bromoisohexane
1、一些卤代烃的专用名称
Some special names for alkyl halides: CHX3 chloroform bromoform iodoform
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name: name the simple OR group as a substituent, the long chain as a parent body 规则：简单的烷氧基作为取代基，长碳链作为 主链
CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-Omethoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy C5H11OC6H13Osuffix: -yloxy pentyloxy hexyloxy
H3C
CH2
CH O CH3
sec-butyl methyl ether仲丁基
2-methoxybutane
CH3 H3C CH2 O CH CH3
（卤素取代基）halo:
fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
（卤化物） Halide: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
取代基 substituents
Some Functional Groups Named as Prefixes
Structure -OR -NH2 -N=N-Br -Cl -F -H -I -NO2 -NO Name Alkoxy- * AminoAzoBromoChloroFluoroHydroIodoNitroNitroso-
0-mercaptotoluene
mercapto 含巯基的，含硫氢基的
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
systematic names: C-C-SH ethanethiol C-C-C-C=C SCH 3 C C-C-C-C-SH 2-methylbutanethiol SH
4-methylthio-1pentene
官能团化合物
卤代烃-Alkyl halides
醇- Alcohols 硫醇-Thiols 醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM) 硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM) 醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
官能团化合物
环氧化合物-Epoxides 硫化物-Sulfides R1-S-R2)
CH2Cl2 methylene chloride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
Cl3C-CCl3 perchloro ethane
2、醇- Alcohols
Rule ： The name of alcohol are given by replacing the final letter “e” of the name of alkane（Alkene，Alkyne） with the suffix “ol ”
OH OH CH2 CH2
C C C OH OH
OH HO-C-C-C-OH
glycerol ethylene glycol propylene glycol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-propanediol 1,2,3-propanetriol
2、醇- Alcohols
OH CH H3C CH3
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Trivial name: list the names of both groups that attached to the oxygen in an alphabetic order + ether 俗名法：按照字母顺序列出和氧原子相连的两个 烷基+ ether
4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
Systematic name: The name of cation + the name of R group + oxide 规则：阳离子名称+取代基R名称+oxide
4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
胺-Amines 醛-Aldehydes 酮-Ketones 羧酸-Carboxylic acids
官能团化合物
酰胺-Amides 酯-Ester 羧酸盐-The salts of acids 酸酐-Carboxylic anhydrides 酰氯-Acyl halides 腈-Nitriles
官能团化合物
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name
C-C-C-C=C OC 4-methoxy-1-pentene C2H5-O CH3
CH3OCH2CH2OCH3 1,2-dimethoxyethane
p-ethoxytoluene
4H
O furan O
o o
tetrahydrofuran 1,4-dioxane
朱金丽
有机化合物的命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
朱金丽
有机化合物的命名
非官能团化合物 Nonfunctional Compounds
1烃类------（烷烃《 Alkane》烯烃《 Alkene》炔烃 《Alkyne》） 2单环化合物（Monocyclic compounds）
命名规则
halo + the name of alkane ---- halo+烷烃的名称 The name of alkyl group + halide---烷基 + halide 卤素—halogen---halo 卤化物----halide
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
卤族元素
Symbol F Cl Br I English Names Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
2-propanol isopropanol
2、醇- Alcohols
CH3 CH H3C CH2 C3H7 CH CH CH3 OH
Cl Cl
5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanol
H HO
CH3
3,4-dichloro-2-butanol
2、醇- Alcohols
HO
2-cyclopentenol
Trivial name ：the name of cation + the name of R
group + sulfide
规则： 系统命名法：阳离子名称+硫醇名称+ 后缀ate 俗名法：阳离子名称+取代基R+sulfide
5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)
来自百度文库
LiS
lithium tert-butyl sulfide CH3 CH3 lithium tert-butanethiolate CH3 lithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate
CH3 CH H3C C H2 H2 C OK
potassium isopentyl oxide
O- NH4+
ammonium cyclohexyl oxide
5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)
Systematic name: the name of cation + the name of thiol + ate