英语修辞鉴赏1

• 1.3.3 Adding emotional intensity (剧烈、强度） to informative statements • ‘brief candle’ • ‘walking shadow’ • Emotion-charged expressions, making readers feel intensely the transiency and emptiness (稍 纵即逝） of life
• 1.3.2 Bringing imagery into speech to concretize the abstract • ‘floods’, • ‘fire’, • ‘candle’, • ‘shadow’, • ‘prey on’, • ‘pray for’ • Produce vivid pictures in our mind • Enable us to enjoy great sensuous (感官方面 的）pleasure.
• 3) Give her a fire to make the stars burn with envy. • an ad for a diamond in which the diamond is compared to fire. • 4) Coke refreshes you like no other can. • an ad for Coke Cola. • 1. Coke refreshes you as no other (drinks) can (refresh you). Here “can” is taken as a modal verb. • 2. Coke refreshes you like no other can (can refresh you). Here “can” is used as a noun referring to the tin which contains the drink.
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I. Introduction
• 1.1 Definitions of rhetoric: • (1) What rhetoric concerns is how to make an effective choice between synonymous expressions • (2)Rhetoric is a kind of art which deals with how to manipulate language effectively. • It concerned with • 1) punctuation, • 2) diction, • 3) figures of speech, • 4) principles of good writing and usage.
• Comparison: • A. Figurative (转义）： 1. Each purple peak, each flinty 燧石的 spire尖端， Was bathed in floods of living fire. 每个紫色山峰，每个岩石尖端，都沐浴在熊熊火焰的洪 流之中。 2. Life is a walking shadow. (or: life is a brief candle.) B. Literal meaning (本义）: 1. The evening sun shone on the tops of high mountains and rocks. 2. Life is short and meaningless.
• 5) Cold, dirty water lapped and licked at Pecos Tuesday evening like a patient cat toying with a cornered mouse.
• 6) Liberty is the true mother of invention • This is the headline of an article which describes the importance of liberty to invention. It is derived from a famous saying-----Necessity is the mother of invention. • 7) Crying over unsold milk • This headline comes from the idiom “Crying over spilt milk”.
• Nixon could help Kissinger; but • Clinton could not help kissing her. • He prayed for me on Sundays; • but preyed on me on Mondays. • • • • We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.
• Contents of the course:
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I. Introduction II. Figures of Similarity III. Figures of association IV. Figures of Imagination V. Figures of Sound VI. Figures of Contrast VII. Figures of Emphasis VIII. Figures of Softening
• 1.3 main functions of figures of speech • 1.3.1 Exciting the imagination and affording readers imaginative pleasure • ‘Floods of living fire’ makes our imagination take flight to a zenith (巅峰）； but • ‘Evening sun’ gives us only prosaic (无诗意 的）information without stirring up even a ripple (涟漪）in our imagination.
• Candle → life: • 1) origin and destination: • darkness← candle →darkness • ↓ • darkness← man →darkness • 2) not lasting long Brief candle: burn out in the twinkling of an eye ↓ Man’s life: so short that when he is going to die he feels as if he were born only yesterday.
• 8) The Sun sets for last time • In this headline, the pun is “the Sun”. It may refer to the sun in the sky that rises in the morning and sets in the evening. • But here the Sun is the name of a British newspaper published in Hong Kong.
• 1.3.4 Being a means of speaking volumes in a few words • …out, out (熄灭了）,brief candle, • Life is a walking shadow. • By Macbeth (莎士比亚悲剧名和该剧的主人公） when he hears of the tragic death of Lady Macbeth. • Metaphors : life is just an empty dream and this walking shadow is ever walking in the shadow of death. • Walking: • hustle and bustle (来去匆匆）of our daily life
• 9) Bye Bye, Balanced Budget
Teaching objectives
1. To cultivate students’ ability of understanding and appreciating English Rhetorical Devices. 2. To provide students with a new way of English learning, a new perspective in terms of understanding English culture by reading a lot of typical and characteristic English passages and short paragraphs in which various rhetorical devices are embedded so that the students can experience the powerfulness of the English language. • In this way, students can improve their reading ability.
• 1.2 What are figures of speech? • Rhetorical devices are deviations from the ordinary or literal way of expression, with a view to producing greater impressiveness and effect. • (修辞格是偏离一般或本义表达的一种手段，目 的在于取得最佳的表达效果） • It is the art of using the language effectively.
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I. Introductions 1.1 Definitions of rhetoric 1.2 What are figures of speech 1.3 Main functions of figures of speech 1.4 General requirement of rhetoric 1.5 What should we learn in rhetoric
Study of English Rhetoric
• 1) Empty glasses speak louder than empty words. • (as for Heineken Beer). • “Facts speak louder than words.” • The empty glasses tell the potential customer that people really enjoy Heineken Beer. • 2) Better late than the late. • This is a slogan for safe driving. from “better late than never.” • “The late” means the dead. • Therefore, the ad means it is better to drive slowly and to be late than to drive fast and cause an accident in which death may occur.