英语科普知识

Unit1 Living and Nonliving things How do Plants and Animals Need one another? Main idea
Our environment includes Living and Nonliving things.
Plants and animals depend on each other.
They make up the environment.
Science knowledge:
(1) How do Animals get help from plants
1.They use plants for shelter. They hide or build home in plants.
2.Plants give off oxygen while animals need oxygen.
3.Some animals eat plant directly or indirectly.
(2) How do Animals give help to plants
Animals help plants to reproduce.
1. Animals carry fruits which contains seeds.
2. They spread pollen for plants, pollen stick to them. Vocabulary
1. Environment n. 环境
2. Reproduce v. 繁殖
3. Pollen n. 花粉
4. Living and nonliving things 生物和非生物
5. Oxygen n. 氧气 give off oxygen 放出氧气
6. Depend on each other 互相依赖
7. Meet one’s demand 满足某人的需求
8. Stick v. 粘贴stick to one’s idea 坚持自己的观点
n. 细棒
What is a food chain?
Main idea
All food chains are made of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Energy moves up from plants to animals in a food chain. Science knowledge
(1) food
1.Plants use a process called photosynthesis, using water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make sugars and give off oxygen.
2.living things eat other living things. They get energy from them.
(2) food chain
1.Food chain shows the path energy moves between living things in an ecosystem.
2.The one been eaten is called prey and the one who eats the prey is called predator. An animal can both be a prey and a predator. Vocabulary
1.Food chain n. 食物链
2.Producer n. 生产者 make food themselves
3.Photosynthesis n. 光合作用
4.Consumer n. 消费者 eat or get food from the producer.
5.Decomposer n. 分解者
6.Carnivore n. 食肉动物 Herbivore n. 食草动物
Omnivore n. 杂食动物
7.Prey n. 猎物 predator n. 猎食者
8.Raccoon n. 浣熊
Unit2 Animals
What are Some kinds of Animals? Main idea
Animals can be put into groups.
They are different in order to survive.
Groups of animals have similiar body parts.
Science knowledge
Different features
1.Mammals has hair or fur covering their skin.
Most mothers give birth to live youth.
The young drink milk from their mother.
2.Birds have feathers, wings and beak. Not all birds can fly. They use beaks to get food and build nests.
They lay eggs to have young.
3.Repitles have dry skin with scales.
Most mothers lay eggs on land.
4.Most young amphibian live in water.
While adults live on land.
They lay their eggs in water.
5.Fish live in water and use their gills to breathe in oxygen. Fins help them to steer, swim and balance.
Most of them have scales.
6.Insects have six legs and three parts.
They have a hard body covering and have no bones. Vocabulary
1. Different kinds of animals：
Mammal n. 哺乳动物 reptile n. 爬行动物
Amphibian n. 两栖动物 insect n. 昆虫
2. Feature n. 特点
3. Scale n. 鳞片
4. In order to = so as to 为了
5. Survive v. 生存
6. Similiar adj. 相近
7. Help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
What are some Animal life cycles?
Main idea
All animals reproduce to make new animals.
Young animals may or may not look like their parents. Animals have a life cycle.
Science knowledge
(1) animal’s life cycle
1.Many animals begin by hatching from a egg.
2.Metamorphosis change when they grow.
(e.g. Egg--young tadpole--growing tadpole--frog)
(e.g. Egg--larva--pupa--adult butterfly)
(2) about butterfly
1.Egg: A female butterfly lays a tiny egg.
rva: a larva hatches from the egg. It eats and grows quickly.
3.Pupa: It stops eating and makes a hard covering (pupa).
4.Butterfly: And adult flies out. It can have its young.
(3) about polar bears
1.Newborn: they are in the den, and drink milk from the mother.
2.Growing cub: they are outside exploring.
3.Young polar bear: they are learning to hunt and swim.
4.Adult polar bear: they live on its own and have young. Vocabulary
1.Life cycle n. 生命周期
2.Metamorphosis n. 变形
3.Tadpole n. 蝌蚪
rva n. 幼虫
5.Pupa n. 蛹
6.Breathe v. 呼吸
Breath n. 呼吸
7.Hunt v. 捕猎
8.Live on its own 自己生存
9.Covering n. 覆盖物
10.Den n. 窝
Unit 3 plants
What are some plant parts?
Main idea
Plants have parts that help them grow.
The Physical characteristic of plants help them meet their needs. Science knowledge
The parts of plants and their use.
1.Leave use air, water and sunlight to make food
2.Stem carry water and nutrient (nutrition) from the roots.
And give water to leaves and other part of the plant.
3.The roots grow into soil and hold the plant.
They take water and nutrients from the soil.
4.The flower part includes pollen, petals and seeds.
The flower make seeds by pollen (a powder).
Most of them use pollen from other flowers.
Petals attract insects to help them move pollen. Vocabulary
1.Physical characteristic n. 体型特征
2.meet their need v. 满足他们的需求
3.Sunlight n. 阳光
4.Stem n. 茎
5.Flower n. 花朵
6.Pollen n. 花粉
7.Petal n. 花瓣
8.Seed n. 种子
9.Powder n. 粉末
10.Attract v. 吸引
What are some plant life cycles? Main idea
All plants have life cycles.
They begin with seed, and then grow to a plant. Plants flower to make seeds.
Science knowledge
(1) the knowledge about plants
1.Different plants grow in different time.
2.Some trees can live hundreds of years.
3.Some p lants don’t have flowers
(e.g. pine tree, the seeds are in its cone).
4.The fruit grows around the seed to protect them. (2) how the seed grow
1.The tiny plant is inside a seed.
2.The seed germinates. It become a seedling.
3.The stem grow upward towards light.
4.The plant grow more root and leaves.
5.The plant grow flowers. It makes seeds. Vocabulary
1.Germinate v. 发芽
2.Seedling n. 幼苗
3.Cone n. 松果
4.Flower n. 花，花朵
v. 开花
5.Upward adj. 向上的
adv. 向上地
6.Hundreds of 成百上千
Thousands of 成千上万
7.Life cycle n. 生命周期
Unit4 Environments
How do environments change over time? Main idea
Environment change over time due to many influences.
Natural event (fire...) can harm the environments.
We harm the environment by polluting them.
Small changes can change the entire environment.
Science knowledge
(1) How can fire change the environment?
1.Fires or some other thing can change the environment.
2.It burns the tree and kills the animals.
3.The change won’t last forever.
Animals return and plants grow.
(2) How do plants (kudzu) or animal change environment.
1.The kudzu grow very fast, and leaving no sunshine for other plants.
2.Plants around it die because they don’t have sunshine.
3.Beavers build dam, which blocks the dam.
4.It make a pond.
(3) what people do effect the environment
1.We need resources to meet our needs.
2.We can help the environment by
1. Plant more trees.
2. Reduce trash and keep it clean.
3. We harm the environment by
1. Cut down trees.
2. Pollution and trash harm the environment.
Vocabulary
1.Change sth entirely = change the entire + sth. 彻底改变某物
2.Due to 由于，因为
3.Kudzu n. 野葛
4.Leave no sth. For sb. 用尽某物不留给某人
5.Dam n. 堤坝
Beaver n. 河狸
6.Resources n. 资源
7.Influence n. 影响
8.Natural event n. 自然事件
How do environmental changes affect living things? Main idea
Natural events such as fire, flood and drought can affect living things. People can do thing to help or to harm the living things. Science knowledge
(1). How can natural events affect the environment
1.Lightening and other events cause fire to burn.
Fire destroy animal’s habitats. Pinecones need fire to open.
But it also clear space for new plants to grow.
2.Erosion can move sand and rocks.
Habitats for us and animals disappear.
Too less or too much water can cause drought or flood.
(2). How can animals or plants affect the environment?
1.By building shelters.
2.Some plants take over all the space and make it harder for other plants to live.
3.Some animals cause diseases.
(3) How do we affect the environment?
1.We use resources and cause pollution.
2.We build dams to control the water.
3.We also help them in many ways.
Vocabulary
1.Flood n.洪水
2.Drought n. 干旱
3.Erosion n. 侵蚀
4.Shelter n. 避难所
5.Take over 接管
6.Cause sth to happen 导致某事发生
7.In a ... Way 以一种……的方式
in a special way
Unit 5
How are living things adapted to their environment? Main idea
Plants and animals have adaption for living in different environments. Adoptions help living things survive.
Science knowledge
(1) how do different kinds of animals adapt and protect.
1.Camels live in places that are dry and sandy.
They got long eyelashes to keep sand out of their eyes.
2.Penguins have a thick layer of fat to keep them warm.
3.Skunks release a strong scent.
4.The leaf insect looks like a leaf
(2) how do plants protect and adapt?
1.Rain forest plants have large leaves to get sunlight.
2.Cacti have a thick stem to store water.
3.Some plants have thorns to prevent animals from eating.
4.Some plants taste bad.
Vocabulary
1.A layer of 一层
2.Adapt v. 适应
Adaption = something that help a living thing to survive.
3.Thorn n. 尖刺
4.Scent n. 气味
5.Eyelashes n. 眼睫毛
6.Daffodil n.水仙花
7.Prevent n. 阻止
What are ecosystems?
Main idea
An ecosystem is made of plants, animals, water, soil and other things. Living and Non-living things depend on each other in an ecosystem. Habitats are where a population lives.
Science knowledge
The ecosystem on land and water
1.Plants and animals help each other in the ecosystem. (details in U1)
2.Many animals and plants live in a ecosystem.
3. There are food chains in every ecosystems.
Animals eat plants or animals.
4.The underwater ecosystem are made by tiny animals called corals. Vocabulary
munity n. 群落，社区
2.Habitat n. 栖息地 inhabitant n. 居民，住户
Habitable n. 适宜居住的
3.Ecosystem n. 生态系统
4.Corals n. 珊瑚
5.Population n. 种群 popular n. 受欢迎的
anism n. 微生物
7.Otter n. 水獭，水獭皮
8.Tropical n. 热带 tropical storm
9.Anemones n. 海葵，银莲花。