期末复习model1-8听写文本(全)

1．

Laws

Before laws were written, there was no sure way of knowing what was permitted and what was forbidden. One judge might apply one set of rules to a case while another judge might apply completely different rules to a similar case. It all depended on the personal judgment of one person. Today we follow the custom of recording our laws. Rules passed by our lawmakers are printed and available for everyone to see. Unless laws are publicly available, we do not regard them as binding. Each of us is subject to many different sets of laws. Some laws say what is permitted, such as how fast you may drive. Other laws say what is required, such as paying a federal income tax. Still other laws say what is prohibited, such as smoking in elevators. In the United States, federal laws apply to everyone and state laws apply to activities within each state.

2．

Stress

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential to a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation. It is only when the stress get out of control that it can lead to poor performance. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to deal with it.

3 The family fulfills a number of roles, such as providing education and recreational activities. Yet, there are several major functions performed by the family. First, unlike the young of animals, human infants need constant care and economic securities. In all cultures, the family assumes ultimate responsibility for he protection of children. Second, parents monitor a child’s behavior and tranmist the values and language of a culture to the child. Third, ideally, the family provides members with warm and intimate relationships and helps them to feel satisfied and secure. Unilike other institutions, the family is oblidged to serve the emotional needs of its members. Finally, family resource s affect children’s ability to pursue certain opportunities such as higher education and specialized study. It is apparent, then, that the family has been assigned at least four vital functins wihtin human societies.

4 TV Ratings

Children in the United States watch from one to five hours of television every day. Tha's a lot of television! Teachers and parents don't like a lot of children's relevision programs. They think a lot of these programs are not suitable for children. For this