高考英语短文改错满分秘籍(正稿)
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高考英语短文改错满分秘籍
短文改错是一道综合性较强的题型,既考查考生的基础知识,也考查考生的阅读能力以及在语篇中综合运用英语知识准确性的能力。
短文改错是高考英语中得分率最低的题型。
但是该题型又是理解难度最少的题型,所以只要考生做到理解第一(读多少遍都不为过),首先要把短文理解到位,找出短文中的行文逻辑错误,然后根据上下文和句子结构分析、判断不同的错误类型,按改错的基本要求改正错误,考生就一定可以取得优异成绩。
短文改错题型特点
短文改错通常选用一篇长度100-120词的与考生的日常生活息息相关的短文,有时也可能是幽默笑话或简短的故事。
设题方式是多词(1-2)、少词(1-2)、错词(7-8)。
多词和少词至少各有一个,合计不超过三个。
设错方式:
⑴多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
⑵少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
⑶错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形等。
例如:2020年高考英语全国三卷短文改错;
下面统计了2016-2018年的高考短文改错的考查情况:
根据上表可以看出,高考出题对知识的覆盖面是比较全面的。
因此考生平时一定要重视短文改错题型,只有每个题型都尽可能得满分,总分才可能高。
短文改错题型解题方法和技巧
短文改错首先是篇章改错,不是单句改错,因此考生必须做到理解第一(读多少遍都不为过),首先要把短文理解到位,找出短文中的行文逻辑错误,然后根据上下文和句子结构分析、判断不同的错误类型,按改错的基本要求改正错误,考生就一定可以取得优异成绩。
考生在做短文改错时,首先要把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解,这样能对短文有个宏观把握,对上下文有全面的了解。
千万不要直接动笔就改,能改出来的错等一会儿还是能改出来。
考生最不容易改出的错是连词和动词形式,主要原因就是考生忽略行文逻辑关系和句子结构分析。
在理解篇章的基础上,考生要逐句审读,分析判断,上下兼顾,把明显的、拿的准的题先做完,然后反复阅读全篇,逐步找出全部错误,最后根据题型特点(错误类型和考查点)逐一审核,确保全对。
常见考查点:
1. 对连词的考查
连词的考查包括三大从句(状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句,尤其考得多的是非限制性定语从句。
)和并列连词and/or/but 等。
参考连词有who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which/ how/ why/ when/ where/ if/ whether 等。
做题时,一定要分清楚是什么从句,然后根据不同的从句确定用什么连词。
例如:
(2018年全国一卷)
They also had a small pond ∧which they raised fish.
in or where (which前加in, 或which改为where)
解析:which前加in或改为where,考查定语从句的关系词。
他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。
此处a small pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。
(2018年全国二卷)
The games my parents taught me where I was a child
when
turned out to be very useful later in my life.
解析:考查状语从句的连接词。
句意:当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。
状语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语,而是时间状语。
故把where 改为when。
2. 对动词的考查
考生首先要根据上下文的行文逻辑关系和该句的句子结构确定是谓语还是非谓语,然后再分别确定不同的形式。
谓语动词是历年考试的重点和热点,考生只要确定是谓语动词,就必须同时考虑时态、语态、主谓一致和谓语动词的完整性。
常见的动词错误类型:
①注意看动作与时间的关系,考查时态是否正确,通常是一般现在时与一般过去时的错用;
②and 前后动词时态不一致;
③看主谓关系,主谓是否一致,考查谓语动词单复数及动词语态是否正确;
④缺少动词,特别是be 动词;
⑤第三人称单数形式错用;
⑥谓语动词与主语的关系,是主动还是被动,需要清楚审题避免主动语态和被动语态错用;
⑦动词变过去式或者过去分词是否正确;
⑧看动宾关系,查动词后面是否需要带介词,即考查及物动词与不及物动词。
例如:
(2018 年全国一卷)
During my last winter holiday, I went to ∧countryside with my father to visit my
the
grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living
found
解析:find改成found,考查动词时态。
根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知,事件发生在过去,应该用过去时。
故将find改成found。
(2018 年全国三卷)
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
begun
解析:这里的begin 属于动词变过去分词错了,需要改为begun。
非谓语动词也是高考必考点,只要确定用非谓语动词,就要分清楚用非谓语动词的什么形式。
主要有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式,主要考查:
①不定式to do;
②动名词doing 作主语、宾语;
③and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其是距离较远时);
④现在分词和过去分词的区别等。
例如:
(2018 年全国一卷)
My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
selling
解析:sell改成selling,考查动名词。
去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。
此处介词by 后用动名词,表方式,故用selling。
(2018 年全国二卷)
but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
watch
解析:考查动词不定式。
句意:无论我要求多少次要去看(卡通片。
用不定式表示目的。
故把watching改为watch。
3. 对名词的考查
对于名词的考查,主要有以下两点:一是名词的单复数,二是可数名词与不可数名词的混用。
例如:
(2018 年全国一卷)
they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
chickens
解析:chicken改成chickens,考查名词复数。
他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。
根据前文的dozens of可知,其后用名词复数形式。
(2017 年全国二卷)
Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
information
解析:该句考查的是可数名词与不可数名词的混用,因为不可数名词informantions 没有复数形式,应去掉词尾的s。
考生一定要整理、归纳高中阶段常见的不可数名词。
例如,fun, advice, information, knowledge, money, homework, housework, furniture 等。
4. 对冠词的考查
看到名词就要想到冠词。
冠词常见错误:误用a 和an( 根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an 和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)。
冠词的考查即可能是去掉或添加,也可能是错改正。
例如:
(2018 年全国一卷)
During my last winter holiday, I went to ∧countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
the
解析:countryside前加the,考查冠词。
去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。
此处特指去的是乡下,而且countryside前通常都要加定冠词the。
5. 对代词的考查
代词主要考查该不该用代词,该用什么代词的问题。
常见的错误类型有:代词的主格和宾格(I/ me;he /him;she/ her;we/ us they/ them) 混用;反身代词(myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ themselves/ ourselves) 使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词;男女性别指代错误等。
例如:
(2018 年全国二卷)
They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
me
解析:考查代词。
句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。
偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。
故把us改为me。
6. 对形容词与副词的考查
考生应根据前后修饰关系确定词性,到底是用形容词还是副词。
然后再具体确定用什么形式。
形容词用于修饰名词、be 动词和感官动词等,副词用于修饰动词、形容词或者位于句首修饰整个句子。
形容词或副词的比较结构是原级比较还是比较级结构,是比较级还是最高级。
例如:
(2018 年全国三卷)
I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger
large
group of people. At that moment, I
remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include includes
leaning from textbooks, and mistake
mistakes
as well."
Immediate
Immediately
, I raised my hand.
解析:
第七处:考查比较级。
上下文中没有比较的对象,只是说明“我”自己的情况。
故把larger 改为large。
第十处:考查副词。
此处要用副词在句中做状语。
故把immediate改为immediately。
7. 对介词的考查
介词主要考查搭配和结构。
也就是,该不该用介词,该用什么介词的问题。
例如:
(2018 年全国一卷)
At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,
解析:删除for,考查介词的用法。
时间名词有every,each,last,this,that等词修饰时,其前不用介词。
故删除for。
(2018 年全国二卷)
Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
with
解析:考查介词。
play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”,故把for改为with。
总之,考生平时一定要重视短文改错题型,同时进行适当的训练,特别是在训练中使用上面提到的正确的解题方法和技巧,才能做到事半功倍,最终在高考中考出优异的成绩。
附2019年高考试题:
一卷:
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school
playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone’s
surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground
cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to
play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
二卷:
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
三卷:
I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want
is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves
in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one,
I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
答案:
一卷: I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly ˄ football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone’s
surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground
cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to
play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
二卷;
interested a when and hard surprise players saying then
三卷:。