过去分词作定语、表语和宾补-公开课
合集下载
过去分词公开课 牛津译林 M5U3 grammar past participate高二
Past Participles as the Attribute, Predicative and Object complement (过去分词做定语，表语和宾语补足 语)
By Miss Tan---------23/9/2014
Are you right ? 教育
taken lighted /lit frozen left
She _____________ looked very worried because there were lots of matches____. left She wished ________________________ all her matches sold
but nobody bought a single one.
beautifully
lighted candles were burning The ____________ seemed very brightly and she ___________
delighted _____ .
She lit another one and saw her grandmother. She asked her grandmother to take her away.
表“让某人做某事、让某事（被人）做”
I had the room _______(clean) cleaned .
表“主语遭遇、遭受t injured ________(injure).
2.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一 动宾 结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是_______ 关系。 所有的作业完成了，我才休息。
a film star who is astonished
By Miss Tan---------23/9/2014
Are you right ? 教育
taken lighted /lit frozen left
She _____________ looked very worried because there were lots of matches____. left She wished ________________________ all her matches sold
but nobody bought a single one.
beautifully
lighted candles were burning The ____________ seemed very brightly and she ___________
delighted _____ .
She lit another one and saw her grandmother. She asked her grandmother to take her away.
表“让某人做某事、让某事（被人）做”
I had the room _______(clean) cleaned .
表“主语遭遇、遭受t injured ________(injure).
2.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一 动宾 结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是_______ 关系。 所有的作业完成了，我才休息。
a film star who is astonished
过去分词作宾语补足语 公开课 PPT
1. With all the problems_s_o_l_v_e_d_(solve), he felt relaxed. （过去）
2. With all the noise__g_o_i_n_g_(go) on, I couldn’t concentrate on my study.（现在）
3. With all the problems__t_o__so__lv_e__(solve), the new
3. 意为“主语遭遇不测的事情”，表意外。 Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt.
归纳2： 表示＿感＿观＿或＿心＿理＿状＿态＿的动词后接宾语， 其宾语后可接＿过＿去＿分＿词＿做宾补，如：s＿ee＿, w＿a＿t＿ch, ＿n＿o＿tic＿e＿,h＿ea＿r,＿li＿st＿en＿t＿o,＿f＿ee＿l, ＿th＿in＿k＿,f＿in＿d ＿,o＿bs＿e＿rv＿e ＿等。 表示: “感受到某人或某事被做”。
过去分词作宾语补足语
四种情况
归纳1： 表示_“__致__使___,使___··_·_·_”____意义的使役动词， 如：_h_a__v_e_,_m__a_k__e_, _g_e_t_,_k_e__e_p_,_l_e_a_v_e__________等。 后接宾语，其宾语后可接过去分词做宾补， 表示：“使某人/某事被做”
(1)有些及物动词，接了__宾_语___意义仍不完整，还 需要其他成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等， 称为__宾__语__补_足__语___，简称__宾__补___。
(2)过去分词做宾语补足语，表示_被__动__,_完__成___ 或宾语所处的_状___态____。
(3)分词与宾语具有_动__宾__关__系__，即宾语是过去分 词动作的__承__受__者____。
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语(19张PPT)
Grammar
动词-ed形式作定语、表语、宾语补足语
This is the telephone designed in the early time.
an amphibious car
I was excited at the new invention.
Stephenson’s “Rocket”
(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这 类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month. He was trying to make himself understood.
(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动
the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义． 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．
a moving movie moved audience boiling water boiled water developing countries developed countries falling leaves fallen leaves
surprised
surprising
shock
shocking
shocked
D 1. As soon as he entered the city, he ____. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost
C 2. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents are _____ him. A. disappointed; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
动词-ed形式作定语、表语、宾语补足语
This is the telephone designed in the early time.
an amphibious car
I was excited at the new invention.
Stephenson’s “Rocket”
(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这 类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month. He was trying to make himself understood.
(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动
the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义． 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．
a moving movie moved audience boiling water boiled water developing countries developed countries falling leaves fallen leaves
surprised
surprising
shock
shocking
shocked
D 1. As soon as he entered the city, he ____. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost
C 2. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents are _____ him. A. disappointed; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
Unit+4+过去分词作定语和宾语补足语课件
2. 过去分词作定语时的位置
(5)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的 复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved? 还有什么没解决的吗？
五、过去分词用作宾语补足语
常见的过去分词作宾补的情况：
in the 11th century.
作定语
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute.
1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
THANK S
3. The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
The family's ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.
知识点——过去分词做定语和表语PPT课件
过去分词做定语和表语 【知识点解析】
（2）过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常放在所修饰的 名词后。它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如： ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London 注意：有些单个的过去分词，像left（剩余的 given（所给予 的）concerned（有关的）等，习惯上用作后置定语。如： the money left （剩余的钱） the people concerned 有关人士 the time given 给出的时间
18
谢谢聆听
·学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干, 是为一个目标去 战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折
Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard, Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal
展中国家
the changed world 已经改变了的
developed countries 发达国
家
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子
a rising sun 正在冉冉升起
的太阳
fallen leaves 落叶
a risen sun 已升起的太阳
过去分词做定语和表语 【知识点解析】
总结：判断如何选择过去分词还是现在分词，应该考 虑动词的词性（及物还是不及物动词），而不要单从 汉语角度考虑。 注意：dress, seat, fix, lose, devote, compare, tire等及物 动词及remain, sit等不及物动词和taste（尝起来）， smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），appear（看起来 像），look（看起来）等系动词的用法。如：
Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures过去分词作宾语和宾语补足语公开课课件
With many flowers _p_l_a_n_t_e_d_____(plant) around the building,
his house looks like a beautiful garden.
注意：
V-ed、V-ing与 to do作 OC 的区别:
I saw him __g_e_t ____(get) off the bus. I saw him __kn_o_c_k_e_d_(knock) down by a car. I saw him __l_yi_n_g___(lie) on the road just now.
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Grammar(过去分词作定语、宾语补足语语)
The Past Participle as
the Attributive and Object Complement
Teaching objectives
Step1:Lead-in 过去分词的形式(the form of past participle)：
9. I have collected the money __n_e_e_d_e_d_ (need).
10. This is the problem _d_i_sc_u_s_s_e_d_ (discuss) at the
meeting yesterday.
11. The _s_u_r_pห้องสมุดไป่ตู้r_is_e_d_ (surprise) look on his face
(to) do: 整个过程 V-ed:被动 V-ing:主动,正在进行
Step3:Practice
finished fixed
his house looks like a beautiful garden.
注意：
V-ed、V-ing与 to do作 OC 的区别:
I saw him __g_e_t ____(get) off the bus. I saw him __kn_o_c_k_e_d_(knock) down by a car. I saw him __l_yi_n_g___(lie) on the road just now.
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Grammar(过去分词作定语、宾语补足语语)
The Past Participle as
the Attributive and Object Complement
Teaching objectives
Step1:Lead-in 过去分词的形式(the form of past participle)：
9. I have collected the money __n_e_e_d_e_d_ (need).
10. This is the problem _d_i_sc_u_s_s_e_d_ (discuss) at the
meeting yesterday.
11. The _s_u_r_pห้องสมุดไป่ตู้r_is_e_d_ (surprise) look on his face
(to) do: 整个过程 V-ed:被动 V-ing:主动,正在进行
Step3:Practice
finished fixed
高考英语二轮专题复习-过去分词作定语、表语、宾补PPT(33张)
grandmother to take her away. The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor
Do they have in common? What language functions are they used as?
. She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated with many
gifts. The lighted match was burning brightly and she seemed very
delighted. She lit another one and saw her grandmother. She asked her
She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated with many gifts.
The lighted match was burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.
She lit another one and saw her grandmother. She asked her grandmother to take her away.
Task 3 ：故事我来填 高效配置。而共享经济能有效的调整供需需求，将闲置资源进行合理配置，更好的满足差异化的需求。同时，共享经济借助互联网形
成了全新的社交信赖体系，并通过社群和分享的方式，颠覆着传统产业形态的发展。 B．材料一和材料二都重在分析共享经济的益处，材料三则重在分析我国共享经济发展的不足，三则材料让我们对共享经济有了较为客 观的了解。
Do they have in common? What language functions are they used as?
. She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated with many
gifts. The lighted match was burning brightly and she seemed very
delighted. She lit another one and saw her grandmother. She asked her
She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated with many gifts.
The lighted match was burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.
She lit another one and saw her grandmother. She asked her grandmother to take her away.
Task 3 ：故事我来填 高效配置。而共享经济能有效的调整供需需求，将闲置资源进行合理配置，更好的满足差异化的需求。同时，共享经济借助互联网形
成了全新的社交信赖体系，并通过社群和分享的方式，颠覆着传统产业形态的发展。 B．材料一和材料二都重在分析共享经济的益处，材料三则重在分析我国共享经济发展的不足，三则材料让我们对共享经济有了较为客 观的了解。
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲-推荐下载
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词：表示完成和被动的动作，具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式：done,have done, had done可作成分：定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1）单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前（除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those...）E.g. It was the lost cat.=It was the cat which had lost.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.2）过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. People addicted to drugs are dangerous.=People who are addicted to drugs are dangerous.This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun.【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
More examples:They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.他们减少了用于试验的动物数量What’s the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？They are problems left over by history?他们是历史遗留下来的问题Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语一样，它的完成时（have done, had done)不能做定语。
过去分词作定语表语和宾补公开课
2. He was so_t_e_r_ri_fi_e_d_ when he saw_te_r_r_if_y_in_g_
a tiger.
(i_s_a_p_p_o_i_n_te_d__when she heard the__d_i_s_a_p_p_o_i_n_ti_n_g__ news. (disappoint)
A. developed ; developed B. developing; developed ; C. developing; developing D. developed; developing
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词：主动，正在进行 过去分词：被动和／或完成
4. She asked if there was anything _______.
这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 She was so cold that she sat
状态)，相当于一个__形__容__词____(动词， 我们目击了这家商店被两个歹徒抢劫。
blossom better。 They left without a dish touched.
形容词，名词)
一个破花瓶
an _i_n_j_u_r_ed__ player 一个受伤的球员
a bridge __b_u_i_lt__in 1937 一座建于1937年的桥
the __f_a_l_le_n_ leaves 落叶
Summarize the rules:
1、过去分词作__定_语___
过去分词可用来修饰__名__词___(动词/名 词)，作__定__语__(表语/定语/宾补)，一般 单个单词放所修饰词_之__前__，分词短语 放在所修饰词_之__后___，表__被_动__、__完__成_ (及物动词) 或完成（不及物动词）。
过去分词做宾补公开课精品PPT课件
宾语补足语的表现形式：
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：;
直接宾语（名 + 宾语补足语
词或代词）
用过去分词充当宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都 是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意 义，有时候两者兼而有之。
1. After waking up, I found everyone gone. 2. The speaker raised her voice to make
herself heard. 3. They found their new bikes stolen.
过去分词作宾补常用于以下五个方面:
过去分词作宾语补足语，表示其动作 已经完成或结束能用宾语补足语的过 去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动 意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼
而有之。
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有 逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分
voice have had all of us disturbed!”
Past Participle as ObjectComplement
过去分词做宾语补足语
Review
What is Object Complement?
宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词 不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来 补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所 发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称 为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语 称为复合宾语。
词动作的对象。
1.过去分词用在表示状态的动词 keep ，
2.leave 等的后面。
3.They kept the door locked for a long time.
4.Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
Unit2语法-过去分词作定语、表语、宾补、状语课件课件-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
难点突破: V-ed和V-ing形式作表语的区别?
1. The result of the final English test was
rather __d_i_s_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_i.ng
He was very _d_isapp__o_in_ ted at the result
of the final test. ( disappoint ) 2. The _f_r_ig_h_t_e_n_i_n_g___man with an ugly black
(Ved)
1. From her _______ look, I knew she was
unsatisfied.
A. disappointing B. disappoints
C. to disappoint
D. disappointed
2. Hearing the tiger's _______ voice, she was so ___________. A. scared, scared B. scared , scaring C. scaring, scared D. scaring, scaring
3. 形容词化的过去分词:
_a_m__a_z_e_d_,_s_u_r_p_ri_s_e_d_,___________ _s_c_a_r_e_d_,_w__o_rr_i_ed__, _d_is_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_e_d_, _ _e_x_c_i_te_d__, _d_e_li_g_h_te_d_,__p_le_a_s_e_d__, ___ __s_at_i_s_fi_e_d_, _m_o_v_e_d_,_d_e_v_o__te_d_,_.._. ___
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲-推荐下载
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词：表示完成和被动的动作，具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式：done,have done, had done可作成分：定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1）单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前（除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those...）E.g. It was the lost cat.=It was the cat which had lost.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.2）过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. People addicted to drugs are dangerous.=People who are addicted to drugs are dangerous.This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun.【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
More examples:They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.他们减少了用于试验的动物数量What’s the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？They are problems left over by history?他们是历史遗留下来的问题Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语一样，它的完成时（have done, had done)不能做定语。
过去分词做宾补公开课PPT课件
2.带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
某些及物动词 （如make等）
+
直接宾语（名 词或代词）
+ 宾语补足语
宾语 宾补 We think him clever. What he said made me angry. They consider the answer correct. Everyone calls him Tom.
第12页/共25页
Step4.过去分词与现在分词﹑不定式作宾 语补足语的区别
（1）现在分词做宾语补足语时，从逻辑上，
他与宾语来说是主动（谓）关系，即宾语是
宾语补足语所表示的动作的发出者。而且它 强调的是动作在进行或者是在延续。
I saw him __o__p_e_n_in_g__（open) the window.
即宾语是宾语补足语所表示的动作的承 受者。
归纳：see, watch, hear, notice等感官动词用于 下列句型的区别： 如：
• see sb. doing： 表示动作正在进行。
• see sb. do ： 表一个完成的动作，强调 动作发生的全过程
• see sth. done： 表第1示5页/共被25动页 或完成。
第2页/共25页
3.哪些可以做宾补？
1. His father named him Daming. (名词) 2. They painted their house white. (形容词) 3. You mustn’t force him to lend his
money to you. (动词不定式) 4. Nobody noticed him enter the room.
5. I heard the girl _s_i_n_g_in_g_ this English song in her room when I passed by.
串讲07过去分词作定语宾补表语和状语(课件)高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲(人教版2019)
3. 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状 语从句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给我们点时 间，我们会做得更好。 (=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.)
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done) 与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
5. 作方式伴随状语 加and 可转换成并列结构从句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室, 后面跟着一群学生。 (=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.)
be amazed （at）感到惊异 be amused （at）感到好笑 be annoyed （at）感到烦恼 be bored （with）感到厌烦 ......
【提示】 ①现在分词作表语，意为“令人……，使人……”，主 动意味。 Our trip was disappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。 ②过去分词作表语，意为“感到……”，被动意味。 We were disappointed at our trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
非谓语动词 兼具名词和动词的性质
动名词doing 主、宾、表、定
不定式to do 目的，将来
过去/现在分词
主 、宾、定、状、表、宾补 被动，完成/ 主动，正在进行
done/doing 定、表、宾补、状
Practice and summarize by yourself
a _b_r_o_k_e_n__ vase
C. writes
D. writing
2. They had beef and ______ for supper.
A. smoking fish B. fish smoking
C. fish to smoke D. smoked fish
3. China is a ______country while the USA is a ____ country .
yes or no
1. He is teach English.
teaching
2. You will pass the final exam , if you
studying hard.
study
3. I interested in reading books.
am
4. Because she was moved by the hero, she
⊿过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语主要表示动作的 _感__受__和_状_态__，相当于一个形容词；
被动语态的过去分词_动__词__意味很强, 句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟 by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
Practice makes perfect
1. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ______
until the plane has come to a complete stop.
过去分词放在__系__动__词__(名词/系动词) 之后，作__表__语__(表语/定语/宾补) ， 表示主语的__感__受__或__状__态__(动作/感受或 状态)，相当于一个__形__容__词____(动词， 形容词，名词)
常见的系动词有：
be, become, seem , look, feel, smell, taste, sound , get, grow, turn ,stay, remind 等。
A. leaves
B. leaving
C. to leave
D. left
有些单个的过去分词如given， left 等作定语时 习惯后置
单个分词作定语修饰something， anything等 不定代词时也要后置。
• The staff in the office are_e_x_c_it_e_d_.
办公室职员都 很兴奋。
• The engineer is_c_o_n_f_u_s_ed_.
这个工程师感
到很迷惑。
• The audience in the theater are__s_h_o_c_k_e_d_.
剧院的观 众都感到 很震惊。
Summarize the rules:
2、过去分词作__表__语___
一个破花瓶
an _i_n_j_u_r_ed__ player 一个受伤的球员
a bridge __b_u_i_lt__in 1937 一座建于1937年的桥
the __f_a_l_le_n_ leaves 落叶
Summarize the rules:
1、过去分词作__定_语___
过去分词可用来修饰__名__词___(动词/名 词)，作__定__语__(表语/定语/宾补)，一般 单个单词放所修饰词_之__前__，分词短语 放在所修饰词_之__后___，表__被_动__、__完__成_ (及物动词) 或完成（不及物动词）。
A. developed ; developed B. developing; developed ; C. developing; developing D. developed; developing
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词：主动，正在进行 过去分词：被动和／或完成
4. She asked if there was anything _______.
eg. a trained nurse a retired teacher fallen leaves
Practice makes perfect
从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
1. I have read plenty of books ______ by Lu
Xun.
A. written
B. wrote
decided work in a theatre.
to
5. What’s the language speaking in that
country?
spoken
谓语
动词或动词短语
假设一个句子，已经存在一个谓语动词,又 没有连词的情况
She _g_o_t_o__ff_the bus, __l_ea_v_i_n_g__(leave) her handbag on her seat.
Unit 3 Grammar
Revise the Past participle as
the Attribute, Predicative and Object Complement
欧阳茜 高二年级组
pass passed passed +ed
Hale Waihona Puke puzzle puzzled puzzled +d
worry worried worried 改y为i+ed
cast cast cast AAA
freeze froze frozen ABC
lose lost
lost ABB
beat beat beaten AAB
Round 1 ：大家来找茬 Round 2 ：温故知新 Round 3 ：故事我来讲 Round 4：学以致用
Rule : you will see some sentences and you should find the mistakes in these sentences.