印度历史英文介绍

These same set of values are the glues for most societies in the world
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Growth of Human Society
Family • A group of related people • Any dispute is resolved by the head of the family • Interest of the family
– 2700 - 3000 Years ago
• Time of Buddha and Mahavira
– 2500 Years ago or about 600 BC
• Empire Building 500 BC onwards
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Food For Thought
Tribes – • Mostly a collection of families of related people • No division of labor • Any dispute is resolved by the tribe head’s man/woman • Interest of the tribes – start of a value system City States: • One or two cities with villages around it • People have different skills • Rulers, Teachers, Traders, Farmers • People belong to same language or culture • Resolving dispute is done by Rule of Law • Needs well established value system © 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Indus Valley Civilization Early Farming
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Focus on Universal Values
Eight Fold Path of Buddhism: 1. Right View 2. Right Intention 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -500
Rashtrakuta Chola
1000 1500 2000
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Growth of Human Society
Empires: • Several states dominated by a single state • Diverse cultures, languages and practices • Rule of Law • Based on Values
– Hunter Gather来自rs – 15000 Years ago
• Earliest Civilization in the World?
– Fertile Crescent – 10000 Years ago
• Earliest Civilization in India – City States
CE Buddha Mahavira Time of Mahabharata Time of Ramayana Arrival of Aryans Early Farming Indus Valley Civilization Arrival of Aryans Time of Ramayana Time of Mahabharata Mahavira Buddha AD AD
THE JAIN CODE OF CONDUCT The five vratas (vows): 1. Non-violence in thought, word and deed, 2. To seek and speak the truth, 3. To behave honestly and never to take anything by force or theft, 4. To practice restraint and chastity in thought, word and deed, 5. To practice non-acquisitiveness.
A Comprehensive History of India
Lecture – 5 December 4, 2011
Empire Building
Maharaj Mukherjee
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Time Line Studied So Far
• Early Inhabitants of India?
– Indus Valley Civilization – 5000 - 6000 Years ago
• Arrival of Aryans
– 3500 - 4000 Years ago
• Time of Ramayana – City States
– 3000 - 3500 Years ago
• Time of Mahabharata – Start of Empire Building
Nation
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Empires of India
British
100% 90% 80%
Mughala Maurya Gupta Harsha Sultaan Pala Nanda SaatVahana Kushana
0 500 Common Era
% of India Ruled