变压器日常维护及常见故障排除方法(中英)

变压器日常维护参考说明

变压器安全和顺利的运行主要依靠定期和仔细的监测和维护工作。维护工作通常由操作人员执行。监测和维护必须在变压器断电和接地时进行。

Safety operation of transformer depends on regular monitor and maintenance. Maintenance work is usually performed by the operator. Monitoring and maintenance must be carried out in the transformer outages and grounded.

1、变压器油箱和储油柜

Tank and conservator

1．1检查油温Check oil temperature

对油温进行读数，然后记下来。判断油或绕组温度是否因变压器长期过负荷

或不充分的冷却受到影响，并采取纠正措施。

Record readings of oil temperature. Decide if oil or winding temperature is affect or not due to long time overload or insufficient cooling and take corrective actions.

1．2检查吸湿器Check breather

为了确保储油柜不受潮，当上面一层蓝色材料厚度减少至大约7cm时，必须

更换干燥剂（硅胶颗粒）。

In order to ensure that the conservator is not exposed to moisture, dryer (silicon particles) should be changed when the thickness of above blue material is reduced to 7cm.

3检查油位Check oil level

通过观察透明玻璃管或油位指示计检查储油柜或其它容器的油位。油位必须符合指示计上指示的温度。如果油位太低，必须排除导致油损耗的故障，注入新

的合格油，需使用的油牌号见油的检验证明和铭牌。

Check oil level of conservator or other container by transparent glass or oil level indicator. Oil level should be according to the temperature indicated. If oil level is too low, failures should be found and fill new oil. The Type of oil needed see Oil Inspection Record and nameplate.

1．4检查法兰连接和焊接是否漏油Check flange connection and welding for oil leakage 所有的法兰、密封和焊接都须检查是否漏油。如果发现泄漏，必须及时再次拧紧螺钉，替换密封件或焊接进行弥补。焊接只能由有经验的焊工进行。必须遵守所有有关的事故预防规章，特别是油浸变的防火措施。

All flanges, seals and weldings should be checked for oil leakage. If find leak, must tighten bolts again, change sealing gaskets or weld. Weld should be done by experienced weldor. Must comply with all relevant accident prevention regulations, especially fire preventions of oil immersed transformer. 1．5检查油漆，清洁表面Check painting, clean surface

如果及时修整（损坏的）面漆，那么不必进行整体的重新涂漆。操作指导：使用浸有溶剂的布或蒸汽喷射鼓风机清洁涂漆表面。必须完全清除泥浆、油和油脂。轻轻磨旧漆，去掉将要脱落的部分。用金属丝刷子刷生锈的部分，直至发亮。然后去了锈的部分涂两层底漆，最后在底漆上涂上面漆。如果旧漆是极易损坏的

且已不牢固粘敷在金属表面，必须通过人工打磨或借助于去漆器完全去掉这层旧漆。然后涂上完整的面漆。It is unnecessary to overall repaint the transformer if repair (damaged) finish timely.

Operation guide: clean surface by using cloth immersed with solvent or steam injection blower. Completely clear away mud, oil and grease. Gently worn old paint, and remove the shedding part. Using a wire brush to brush the rust part, until shiny. Paint two layers of primer on cleaned part and paint finish on primer. If the old paint is easily damaged and firmly stick on the metal surface, old paint should be completely removed by polish or special device and then paint finish.

1．6检查接地系统（保护接地）check earthing system (protective earthing)

为了防止环流，变压器油箱和冷却系统必须通过一根足够截面的接地导线接地。检查接地螺栓是否拧紧，必要时再次拧紧。

In order to avoid circular current, tank and cooling system must be earthing by a earth conductor with enough section. Check earthing bolt and tighten it again if needed

1．7取油样（用于油分析）oil sample (for analysis)

采油样的目的是为了测量击穿电压和检查液体绝缘的化学和物理特性。变压器运行前、运行了很长时间或者为防止击穿应对油采油样。建议采油样最长间隔期5年。油样阀位于“顶部”或“中部”，采油样用于气体分析。油样阀位于“底

部”，采油样用于其它分析。

The aim of oil sample is to measure breakdown voltage and to check chemical and physical characteristics of liquid insulation. Oil sample should be taken before transformer running, or running for a long time or in order to prevent breakdown. Proposed max. Interval of taking oil sample is 5 years. Oil sample from oil sample valve on "top" or "middle" part is used for gas analysis; oil sample from oil sample valve on "bottom" is used for other analysis.

2．有载调压开关On load tap changer

2．1读出电动驱动机构上的计数器显示的动作次数

Read action times display on counter of motor drive mechanism

转换开关的动作次数必须记录下来。

Record action times of tap changer.

2．2切换所有分接，以清洁选择器触头

Switch all the taps to clean contacts of selector

如果调压开关一年内操作次数小于3000次或者不是在全分接范围内移动，

变压器断电情况下应切换所有分接大约10次，以清洁触头。

If operation times of tap changer is less than 3000 or not move in full range, all taps should be switched 10 times to clean contacts in case of transformer outage.

2．3检查保护继电器Check protective relay

检查有载调压开关的保护继电器，按下按钮进行试验。这时变压器断路器应跳闸。然后将按钮逆时针方向旋转90度重新设置。