现在完成时用法讲解

现在完成时

一、基本构成

1．肯定句：主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他

主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他

2．否定句：主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他

3．一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？

4．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？

5.规则动词的过去分词和过去式构成相同，都是在词尾加-ed。

6.不规则的，大致分为以下几种类型：

1) 原形中的元音字母有变化:

get-got-got, sit –sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spat shine –shone- shone find- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung

2) 原形中的辅音字母有变化:

make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-built

send-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent

3) 在原形后加t或d:

spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant hear-heard-heard pay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid

4) 原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化:

feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt –spelt keep-kept-kept

sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold

tell-told-told catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn

5) 与原形相同:

hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read

set-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut

还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下:

1)原形中的元音字母有变化:

ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum

begin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk

2) 在原形上加－en:

eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written

be-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten

3)在原形上加－n:

see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken

mistake-mistook-mistaken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown

grow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown

4)在过去式上加－n:

steal-stole-stolen break-broken–broken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken

6) 与原形相同:come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become

7) 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的:

do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain

个别动词有两个过去式和过去分词,一个为规则变化,另一个为不规则变化:

learn-learned-learned shined-shined smell – smelled-smelled

learnt-learnt shine shone-shone smelt-smelt

wake -waked-waked spelled-spelled

woke-woken spell -spelt –spelt

二、现在完成时的用法

用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。

1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet （仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。

副词的位置：

①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .

②never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？

④before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.