第四章_托收方式

第四章托收方式

第一节托收概述

一、托收的定义

Article 2 Definition of Collection

a.“Collection” means the handling by banks of documents in accordance with instructions received in order to:

i. obtain payment and/or acceptance , or

ii. deliver documents against payment and/or against acceptance, or

iii. deliver documents on other terms and conditions.

b. “Documents” means financial documents and/or commercial documents:

i. “Financial documents”means bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment of money.

ii. “Commercial documents”means invoices, transport documents of title or other similar instruments, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financial documents.

c. “Clean collection”means collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.

d. “Documentary collection” means collection of:

i. financial documents accompanied by commercial documents;

ii. commercial documents not accompanied by financial documents.

——Uniform Rules for Collection (ICC Publication No. 522)

二、托收当事人

1. Principal（委托人）：委托银行办理托收业务的人。

他通常是Exporter, Seller, Drawer, Consignor（托运人）。也可以是托收汇票的收款人。

2. Remitting Bank（托收行）：接受委托办理托收业务的银行，又称寄单行。

他通常是Exporter’s Bank, Payee of the Collection B ill。

3. Collecting Bank（代收行）：接受托收行委托，参与办理托收业务的银行。

他通常是I mporter’s Bank, Payee of the Collection B ill。

4. Presenting Bank（提示行）：向汇票付款人提示承兑/付款的银行，通常就是代收行本身，有时也可以是另一家银行。

5. Drawee（付款人）

他通常是Importer, Buyer，Drawee of the Collection Bill。

托收业务中的契约关系：

出口商与托收行之间的契约——托收申请书。

托收行与代收行之间的契约——托收指示。

三、托收方式的种类

（一）光票托收（Clean Collection）

指金融单据托收，不伴随商业单据。

在国际贸易中，通常是货运单据直接寄交买方，仅将汇票（有时也可附发票等非货运单据）委托银行托收。

托收的款项一般是贸易从属费用。

（二）跟单托收（Documentary Collection）

指金融单据伴随商业单据的托收，或商业单据不伴随金融单据的托收。

（三）直接托收（Direct Collection）

委托人征得托收行同意，直接将托收单据寄代收行。URC522不愿承认不经银行办理的托收业务，故未将其包括在规则之中。

四、托收指示和托收汇票

（一）托收指示

托收指示（Collection Instruction）即是寄送托收单据的面函（Covering Letter）。

托收指示的重要性：

1．每笔托收业务必须附有一个单独的托收指示。

2．代收行仅受托收指示的指导。

3．代收行没有义务审核单据以获得指示。

Article 4 Collection Instruction

a. i. All documents sent for collection must be accompanied by a collection instruction indicating that the collection is subject to URC 522 and giving complete and precise instructions. Banks are only permitted to act upon the instructions given in such collection instruction, and in accordance with these Rules.

ii. Banks will not examine documents in order to obtain instructions.

iii. Unless otherwise authorized in the collection instruction, banks will disregard any instructions from any party/bank other than the party/bank from whom they received the collection.

（二）托收汇票当事人及其背书

托收汇票（Collection Bill/Draft）的当事人：

Drawer: the exporter, the seller

Drawee: the importer, the buyer

Payee: (1) drawer；(2) remitting bank; (3) collecting bank

即期托收汇票示样：