句子分类与句子成分

第二部分课后巩固一、句子分类1. 句子：由词、短语构成，能表达一个完整的意思。至少包含一个主谓结构。

2. 句子分类：简单句、并列句和复合句

•简单句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。

•并列句：至少有两个主谓结构，且结构之间有并列连词and, but, so, or等连接。

•复合句：由类似if这样的关联词连接多个主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），其他的主谓结构只在句中作某个成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。关联词有：when, while, although, so that, what等。

探讨：下面句子是简单句还是并列句？

1.My sister and I must stop and get some sleep.

(第一个and连接并列主语my sister和I；第二个and连接并列谓语must stop和get，因此该句是简单句。)

2. He likes reading, but his brother likes sports.（并列连词but连接两个简单句，因此是并列句。）

•简单句中的并列词是连接并列成分。

•并列句是并列连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句。

下列句子是简单句、并列句，还是复合句? 请完成第1-4小题。【使用手机客户端的同学，可将红色的分栏线上下滑动，调整分屏大小；请在红色的分栏线下方，左右滑动屏幕进行试题切换】

1.

We often go shopping on Friday afternoon.(3分)

A. 简单句

B. 并列句

C. 复合句

我的答案：

2.

He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.(3分)

A. 简单句

B. 并列句

C. 复合句

我的答案：

3.

My brother and I go to school at 7:30 am and come back home at 7:00 pm.(3分)

A. 简单句

B. 并列句

C. 复合句

我的答案：

4.

He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.(3分)

A. 简单句

B. 并列句

C. 复合句

我的答案：

二、句子成分（一）句子的主干成分

He is a bank clerk.

Li Hua usually exercises on the playground.

Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.

My friends have a lot of work to do.

Her son asked me to help him with his English.

She must work hard to catch up with others.

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.

Mary heard him singing in the next room.

We must keep our classroom clean.主语: He, Li Hua, Tom, My friends, Her son, She, The weather, Mary, We。主语是一个句子的头，是主要成分，通常由名词或代词等充当。谓语：is, exercises, played, have, asked, must work, is, heard, must keep。谓语由动词充当。表语：a bank clerk, colder。通常由名词或形容词、介词短语等充当，紧跟系动词后。宾语：work, me, him, our classroom。宾语是谓语动作的对象，通常由名词或代词等充当。

请根据括号里的要求找出对应成分的词。请完成第5-9小题。【使用手机客户端的同学，可将红色的分栏线上下滑动，调整分屏大小；请在红色的分栏线下方，左右滑动屏幕进行试题切换】

5.

We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

宾语：

(4分)

6.

My brother and I go to school at 7:30 am and come back home at 7:00 pm.

主语：谓语：，

(9分)

7.

The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

主语：

宾语：

(10分)

8.

I’m fine, but tired.

表语：，

(10分)

9.

He made me very angry.

宾语：

(5分)

（二）句子的修饰成分除了主干成分就是修饰成分，主要有：定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语，主要修饰主语、谓语动词、宾语等。1. 修饰成分：定语

He is a bank clerk. My friends have a lot of work to do.Her son asked me to help him with his English.

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.

Mary heard him singing in the next room.定语：通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、不定式、介词短语等充当，常译为“……的”；常放在被修饰词前，但是若短语或句子作定语，通常后置。2. 修饰成分：状语

Li Hua usually exercises on the playground.

Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.

She must work hard to catch up with other s.

Mary heard him singing in the next room.状语：通常由副词尤其是以-ly结尾的副词或副词短语、不定式、介词短语等充当；表频率、程度、时间、地点、方式、目的、比较等，常译为“……地”；状语位置比较灵活，常放在动词、宾语或宾语补足语的后面，但是表示频率的状语通常放在主要动词前，如果想要强调某个状语，可以把状语放在句首。3. 修饰成分：宾语补足语

Her son asked me to help him with his English.

Mary heard him singing in the next room.

We must keep our classroom clean.宾语补足语：是对宾语意义进行补充，一般位于宾语后，通常由不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等充当。4. 修饰成分：同位语Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.

Beijing, the capital, is very beautiful. 两个指同一个事物或人的句子成分放在同等位置，一个被用来说明或解释另外一个，前者就叫后者的同位语。同位语多由名词或代词充当，通常放在其所说明的名词或代词后。

请判断画线部分的成分。（1）The students got on the school bus.（2）They, my friends, went hunting together early in the morning.（3）He took many photos of the places in Beijing.（4）We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.Keys:（1）定语；（2）同位语，状语；（3）定语，状语；（4）宾语补足语