第一讲 概论 汉英翻译 教学用课件
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语言的功能:expressive function, informative function, vocative function, phatic function, aesthetic function, metalingual function
Translation is a skill and an art as well as a science.
language the closest natural equivalence of the source
language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in
terms of style.
▪ 利奇(Jeoffrey Leech) 把翻译定义为“在另一语言中寻找同义语” 的活动,可谓“意义标准”说。他把意义归纳为七类:
重读者的理解和反应。”
翻译时要考虑文本类型。他根据内容与文体将文本分为表达功能( expressive function)、信息功能(informative function)和祈使功 能(vocative function)三个类型。
所有翻译中都涉及:Cognitive meaning, communicative meaning, and associative meaning
农业方面,我国有13亿人口要吃饭,土地资源有限,粮食安全始终是最 大的隐忧。解决这个问题别无他途,必须依靠高科技改造传统农业, 培育优质、高产、安全的农作物新品种和健康、专用的动物新品种, 大幅度提高农业综合生产能力。
China's agriculture needs to feed the country's population of 1.3 billion, but our land resources are limited and food security has always been our biggest unspoken worry. There is no other way to resolve this issue but to rely on high technology to transform traditional agriculture by cultivating new, safe and high-yield superior crop varieties and healthy, special-purpose new animal breeds to greatly raise our overall agricultural production capacity.
▪ 三、翻译的过程
▪
理解,表达和(校对)
▪ 贾母因笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去 见你妹妹!”
▪ With a smile at Bao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded: “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”
彼得·纽马克(Peter Newmark),英国著名翻译理论家和翻译教育家。
他是一位典型的实践性翻译理论家,其理论研究是直接为其教学实践
服务的。主要著作有《翻译探索》或者《翻译问题探索》
Approaches to Translation,《论翻译》 About Translation, 《翻译短
评》Paraphrases on Translation , 《翻译教程》A Textbook of
▪ Version one:
▪ Rising on a long, narrow 12.5 square-kilometer island off the East China Sea, Putuo Mountain, along with Wutai, Emei, and Jiuhua are(→is) considered China’s four leading Buddhist mountains.
要充分发挥政府调控和市场调节‘两只手’的作用。
We will make full use of both the control function of government regulation and adjustment function of the market.
We will make full use of both government regulation as the visible hand and market forces as the invisible hand.
▪ 英国 泰特勒(Alexander F. Tytler)
▪
1、译文应该完全传达原文的思想;
▪
2、译文的风格与笔调应与原文的一致;
▪
3、译文应像原文一样流畅。
▪ 美国 尤金·奈达 Eugene A. Nida
▪
Translating consists in reproducing in the recepBiblioteka Baiduor
Translation, 《翻译短评续》More Paraphrases on Translation。
Semantic translation 强调贴近原文 communicative translation 强调读者的效果
Correlative approach to translation
奈达对此评述道:“语义单一重在传达原文的语义内容,交际翻译则注
▪ 概念意义(conceptual meaning) ▪ 内涵意义(connotative meaning) ▪ 社会意义(social meaning) ▪ 情感意义(affective meaning) ▪ 反映意义(reflective meaning) ▪ 搭配意义(collocative meaning) ▪ 主题意义(thematic meaning)
▪ ——我只会马走日,象走田。
▪ ——让你车马炮。
▪ ——I only know the most basic moves.
▪ ——Would you like me to allow you a handicap?
▪ 普陀山挨着东海,地形狭长,全岛面积12、5平 方公里,与五台、峨嵋、九华并称我国佛教四大 名山。