计算机专业英语教案第3章

计算机专业英语教案第3章

博主目录 2009-06-18 22:58 阅读32 评论0

字号：大中小

第3章Software Knowledge

3.1 Data Structures

3.2 Operating System

3.3 Programming Languages

3.4 Software Engineering

3.5 Software Testing and Maintenance

3.2 Operating System

? The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user may execute programs.

? Operating systems exist because they are a reasonable way to solve the problem of creating a usable computing system.

? The primary goal of an operating system is convenience for the user.

? A secondary goal is efficient operation of the computer system.

Resource Management

? The operating system provides the means for the proper use of these resources in t he operation of the computer system.

? We can view an operating system as a resource allocates.

? The operating system sets up the order in which programs are processed, and defin es the sequence in which particular jobs are executed

? I/O Management

? To facilitate execution of I/O operations, most operating systems have a standard set of control instructions to handle the processing of all input and output instructions.

? These standard instructions, referred to as the input/output control system (IOCS), ar e an integral part of most operating systems.

? The controlling software calls on the IOCS software to actually complete the I/O ope ration.

Classification of Operating Systems

? A single-user operating system expects to deal with one set of input devices—those that can be controlled by one user at a time.

? A multi-user operating system is designed to deal with input, output, and processing requests from many users-all at the same time.

? A network operating system provides communications and routing services that allow computers to share data, programs and peripheral devices.

? A multitasking operating system provides process and memory management services that allow two or more programs to run simultaneously.

? All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes simult aneously.

? A desktop operating system is one that is designed for a personal computer—either a desktop or notebook computer.

?

3.3 Programming Languages

? A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication tec hnique for expressing instructions to a computer.

? A language enables a programmer to precisely specify what data a computer will act upon, how these data will be stored/transmitted, and what actions to take under various circums tances of cases.

? Programming languages are important tools for helping software engineers write bett er programs faster.

Procedural programming and Object-oriented programming