牛津译林版八年级下册被动语态专项练习知识讲解

八下牛津英语语法讲解与练习------被动语态

一、各种时态的被动语态

一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词

Cars are made by them.

一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分词

The MP3 was bought by my father.

一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋动词过去分词

The bridge will be completed in ten days.

现在完成时：have／has been＋动词过去分词

The meeting has been put off.

二、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如：

we can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.

We must fi nish this work soon. →This work must be done soon.

We have to clean the classroom. → The classroom has to be cleaned by us.

三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.

（1）时态保持一致。

I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.

（2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用in短语。

It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan.

(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。

He cleaned the car. → The car was cleaned by him.

(4)疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替do

Does she drive this car? →Is this car driven by her?

（5）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。

His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend.

(6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人），主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。

My father gave me a book.

→(1)I was given a book by my father. → (2) A book was given to me by my father.

She showed me some photos.

→(1)I was shown some photos by her. → (2) Some photos were shown to me by her.

注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send,sing，bring,write等，变为被动语态时，通常以直接宾语作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或for

She wrote me a letter. → A letter was written to me by her.

有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等，通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保留直接宾语。He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

（7）主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时要加上to，这类的动词有make, have, let, notice，see，watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel help等。

Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. → He was made to wash the dishes.

I saw a boy cross the street . → A boy was seen to cross the street.

（8）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1、（1）英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth washes well. The coats sell well.

The knife cuts well.这刀好使。The shoes wear long.这鞋耐穿。

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

（2）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out（出现）等以主动形式表示被动意义。

（3）系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Your reason sounds reasonable.

2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

（1）在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

（2）在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.

（3）在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

五、下列情况不能用于被动语态

1.不及物动词没有被动语态

这类动词常见的有：take place,happen,last,rise,break out,appear等

The accident happened last night.（√）The accident was happened last night.(×)

2.系动词没有被动语态

这些动词有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。

8下被动语态专项练习

一、按要求改写下列句子

1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）

people ____________ tea in South China？

2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）

A birthday present _________ ________ ________ _______by my parents every year

3.The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)

An English song __________ __________ _________ by the children.

4.You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)

It ____________ ______________ _____________ by you now.