《英汉互译实践与技巧》补充课件3：形合与意合

5.使用名词短语作主语
• • • • 天气太坏，我们无法动身。 Bad weather prevented us from going. 听到这消息，我就放心了。 The news assured me.
1. It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. 2. Along with strong incentive and education systems, the third-wave companies maintain an openness to outside ideas and a tolerance for failure that help to keep innovative thinking alive. 3.有了现代化的飞机，世界似乎小多了。 4.新版电视剧《红楼梦》共50集，总投资额将在1亿 人民币左右。预计将于2008年奥运会前后与观众 见面。
使用连词
• 车未停稳，请勿上下。 • Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill. • 无事不登三宝殿。 • I wouldn’t come to you if I hadn’t something to ask of you. • 他不来，我不去。 • If he won’t come here, I’ll not go there. • 欲盖弥彰 • The more one tries to hide, the more one is exposed.
• 1. 反对这个建议的人请举手。 • Those against the suggestion, please raise your hands.
4. 英语的复合句与汉语的流水句
• 1. He boasted that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.
2.英语关联词语的显性化与汉语关联词 语的隐性化
关系词：关系代词、关系副词、连接代词、连接副词。 如：who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how等 连接词：并列连词、从属连词。如：and, or, but, yet, as well as, so, since, when, as, until, if, so…that等
–英语：形合法：关系词、连接词、介词、 其他 –汉语：意合法：语序、反复、排比、对偶、 对照、紧缩句、四字格 –英语句子：一棵参天大树，一串葡萄 树形扩展，多枝共干，节外生枝 –汉语句子：一根竹子 线型扩展，连续铺排，逐步交代，层层铺开
1. 英语的词形变化与汉语的词序
• He jumped up and hastened to the mirror in the bathroom, taking away the towel to examine the cut upon his cheek.
• 他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自 由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活， 每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂。
使用各种从句
• 马圈里，拴着三匹马，正在嚼草料。牲口都是养 得肥肥壮壮的。 • In the stable three strong and fat horses were eatiLeabharlann Baidug mash.
第一讲 Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 形合与意合
Hypotactic: 句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式 手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和 逻辑关系。 Paratactic: 词语和分句之间不用语言形式手段 连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或 分句的含义表达。
第五讲 Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 形合与意合
1. The isolation of the rural area because of the distance and paucity of transport facilities was compounded by the lack of information media. 由于距离（城镇）远，缺乏交通工具，广大农村地 区与外界隔绝。这种状况由因为缺乏信息媒介，变 得更加糟糕。
• 1. If the child catches a chill, what are we going to say to its mother? • 2. He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.
3. 英语的介词与汉语的动词
• 他跳起来，连忙跑到洗手间的镜子前，拿掉毛巾， 细看他腮上的伤口。
使用分词
• 大夫怕她紧张，没有完全给她讲明病情有多严重。 • The doctor, not wishing to make her nervous, did not fully explain the seriousness of her condition. • 从这些家务劳动中解放出来了，妇女就可以把精 力集中到生产上来。 • Freed of these household chores, the woman can concentrate their energy on production.