民事诉讼第三人制度 文

民事诉讼第三人制度

摘要：民事诉讼第三人制度是民事诉讼中的制度框架的重要组成部分，其目的是就是在复杂的民事关系中，尽量简化纠纷，从而有效的对第三人的合法权益予以保护。但目前，我国的民事诉讼制度的现实是立法不足、法律与司法解释之间有些矛盾，这样使得我国第三人制度在结构上和理论体系上存在一些缺陷，例如第三人参诉标准就较为模糊。这些也使得我国民事诉讼第三人制度的立法初衷难以实现，对第三人的合法利益很难进行保护。基于此，文章对这一问题进行了简单探讨，以期能够帮助解决这一法律困境和现实困境。

总体上文章分为五部分进行论述：第一部分，民事诉讼第三人制的相关研究概述，主要从民事诉讼第三人制度的涵义、特征以及适用范围和价值意义两个方面论述；第二部分，欧美发达国家民事诉讼第三制度现状，主要从以德国为代表的大陆法系国家与以美国为代表的海洋法系国家两个方面进行论述其特点，并进行了简单分析；第三部分，我国民事诉讼第三人制度的基本类型及比较，从制度理论、主要类型以及制度运行缺陷等三个方面来分析有独立请求权的第三人制度与无独立请求权的第三人制度；第四部分，我国民事诉讼第三人制度的完善与重构，主要论述了基于有独立请求权的第三人制度的完善与基于无独立请求权的第三人制度的完善；第五部分，结语。

关键词：民事诉讼第三人；独立请求权；诉讼

Abstract：The third party in civil litigation system is an important part of the institutional framework in civil litigation, the purpose is that in complex civil relations, so as to effectively simplify the dispute on the third person's legitimate rights and interests shall be protected. But at present, our country's civil lawsuit system of the reality is the lack of legislation, between law and justice explain some contradictions, so that the third party system of China has some defects in the structure and theory of the system, such as the standard of intervention of the third moreblurred. These legislative intent also makes our civil litigation system of the third party is difficult to achieve, to the interests of the third party is difficult to protect. Based on this, this paper a problem was discussed, in order to help solve the legal dilemma and practical difficulties.

The whole article is divided into five parts：the first part, an overview of related research in civil litigation system of third people, mainly from the third party in civil litigation system in the two aspects of meaning, characteristics and scope of application and value；the second part, the status quo of civil litigation system in developed countries mainly from third, represented by Germany the continental law system and the two aspects as the representative of the United States Marine Law countries, discusses its characteristics, and makes a simple analysis；the third part, the basic types and comparison of third party in civil litigation system in our country, from the system theory, the three aspects of the main types of defects and the system operation to analyze the system of the third party system of the third party have the right to request an independent and non independent claim；the fourth part, perfect and reconstruction of third party in civil litigation system in our country, mainly discusses based on the independent claim The perfection of the system of the right of the third party and the perfection of the system of the third party based on the non independent right of claim；the fifth part, the conclusion.

Key words：Third people in the civil procedure；The right of independent claim；Litigation