罗经国新编英国文学简史上
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--Self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work; the meaning of life was to work, to economize and to accumulate welth.
❖ The great enlighteners: -- Alexander Pope -- Joseph Addison -- Jonathan Swift --Samuel Johnson
The Industrial Revolution - It was a gradual process of change from ”cottage industries” to factory
manufacturing
Overseas expansion - -Britain occupied a vast expansion of colonies in Asia, Africa and North
❖ British Monarchs in the 18th century Stuart Dynasty Mary II and William III(1688-1694, -1702) Anne (1702-1714) Hanoverian Dynasty George I (1714-1727) George II (1727-1760) George III (1760-1820)
--In religion, it was against superstition, intolerance, and dogmatism; in politics, it was against tyranny; and in society, it was against prejudice, ignorance, inequality, and any obstacles to the realization of an individual’s full intellectual and physical wellbeing. At the same time, they advocated universal education. In their opinion, human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.
Historical Background
The Enclosure - -Acts of Enclosure were putting more lands into the hands of fewer privileged
landowners and forcing thousands of small farmers and tenants off their land to become wage earners industrial towns.
Historical Background
❖ Party politics - Party politics became more significant throughout
the century, with Whigs (who supported limited monarchy, and whose support tended to come from religious dissenters) and Tories (who favored strong monarchy and the religious status quo embodied in the Church of England) competing for power.
Cultural Background
-- The celebration of reason, the power by which man understands the universe and improves his own condition
-- They claimed that the individual was the basic unit of social analysis, and that the society should emerge and develop as the result of a social contract among the individuals.
America.
.
Cultural Background
❖ 1. Enlighten Movement -- A progressive intellectual movement -- Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau believed that world was an object of study and that people could understand and control the world by means of reason and empirical research.
The Eighteenth Century
Historical Background
❖ After the Glorious Revolution, the power passed from the king gradually to the parliament and cabinet ministers.
Байду номын сангаас
Idea of contract --Rejection of “divine power” of kings
--The government is of the people, by the people, for the people.
Puritan values of the middle class
❖ The great enlighteners: -- Alexander Pope -- Joseph Addison -- Jonathan Swift --Samuel Johnson
The Industrial Revolution - It was a gradual process of change from ”cottage industries” to factory
manufacturing
Overseas expansion - -Britain occupied a vast expansion of colonies in Asia, Africa and North
❖ British Monarchs in the 18th century Stuart Dynasty Mary II and William III(1688-1694, -1702) Anne (1702-1714) Hanoverian Dynasty George I (1714-1727) George II (1727-1760) George III (1760-1820)
--In religion, it was against superstition, intolerance, and dogmatism; in politics, it was against tyranny; and in society, it was against prejudice, ignorance, inequality, and any obstacles to the realization of an individual’s full intellectual and physical wellbeing. At the same time, they advocated universal education. In their opinion, human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.
Historical Background
The Enclosure - -Acts of Enclosure were putting more lands into the hands of fewer privileged
landowners and forcing thousands of small farmers and tenants off their land to become wage earners industrial towns.
Historical Background
❖ Party politics - Party politics became more significant throughout
the century, with Whigs (who supported limited monarchy, and whose support tended to come from religious dissenters) and Tories (who favored strong monarchy and the religious status quo embodied in the Church of England) competing for power.
Cultural Background
-- The celebration of reason, the power by which man understands the universe and improves his own condition
-- They claimed that the individual was the basic unit of social analysis, and that the society should emerge and develop as the result of a social contract among the individuals.
America.
.
Cultural Background
❖ 1. Enlighten Movement -- A progressive intellectual movement -- Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau believed that world was an object of study and that people could understand and control the world by means of reason and empirical research.
The Eighteenth Century
Historical Background
❖ After the Glorious Revolution, the power passed from the king gradually to the parliament and cabinet ministers.
Байду номын сангаас
Idea of contract --Rejection of “divine power” of kings
--The government is of the people, by the people, for the people.
Puritan values of the middle class