2011年职称英语阅读理解新增文章题干及选项——综合类
2011年全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第l部分：词汇选项（1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.A.unclearB.obviousC.majorD.minor【答案】A【解析】句意：由于某种说不清的原因，这项简单的运动变得非常流行。
划线词obscure 意为“不清楚的，不明了的”。
A项unclear意为“不清楚的”，二者是同义词。
obvious 明显的。
major主要的；重要的。
minor较小的；次要的。
2.The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A.greatlyB.suddenlyC.generallyD.slightly【答案】A【解析】句意：海龟的自然栖息地大大地减少了。
划线副词considerably意为“相当大的”。
A项greatly意为“很，大大地”，二者意思相近。
suddenly突然地。
generally 通常；普遍地，一般地。
slightly轻微地。
3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A.instructingB.notifyingC.pushingD.inviting【答案】C【解析】句意：我从Moira那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系。
urge意为“催促”。
C 项push意为“努力争取；力劝”，二者意思相近。
instruct指导；通知。
notify通告，通知。
invite邀请。
4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A.raiseB.poseC.experienceD.handle【答案】D【解析】句意：完全有可能以不同的方式来解决这个问题。
职称英语考题综合类(A级)真题和答案
职称英语考题综合类（A级）真题和答案2011年职称英语试题综合类（A级）试卷及答案第一部分考题：词汇选项1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear--- obscure.模糊不清晰的2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A(greatly)–considerably，greatly意思为adv.相当地;非常地3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C (push)-- urge催促某人做某事push推;促进;逼迫4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approachApproach：start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way解决问题。
5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ----provoke:激怒.惹起.驱使，造成6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate忍受、承受7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living inParis.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic---vigorous精力充沛的有活力的8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake–tremble颤抖颤动9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ---hail:招呼.致敬.万岁.向...欢呼.10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that shemight refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案：D afraid---- scared害怕.恐惧11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案：D understand--- grasp理解，明白12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying--- remarking说话，说出13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D (maintain)–assert主张、声称、断言其他选项分析：Maintain：维修;主张;供养Recommend：推荐Considere：考虑Acknowledge：承认致谢14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D (continuous)–steady .稳定的;其他选项：Arelative相当的、相关的B general一般的D sharp尖锐的15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes--- finds fault with挑错，批评第二部分考题：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文列出了7个句子，诸根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息．请选扦A；如果该句提供的是错误信息。
2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类(A级)
2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题题解第 1 部分：词汇选项1、A obscure 不清楚的、晦涩的，在四个选项中和 unclear 同义，obvious明显的，恰好是obscure 的反义词；major 和 minor 分别为"主要的"和"次要的"意思。
2 、A considerably 意为"相当大地、在很大程度上"，是副词，修饰动词，故用 greatly 替换。
又如: His English has been considerably improved. 他的英语大有起色。
slightly 为它的反义词。
3 、C 动词 urge"敦促、催促"的意思，push 通常的意义是"推"，但可以转义而具有和urge 相同的意义，又如：The residents are pushing the local authorities to take me measures to handle the pollution problem immediately. 居民们敦促地方当局立即采取措施处理污染问题。
4、 D approach 做动词有多种解释，其中一种和 handle 意义相近，即"处理、对待"等，如：approach the issue with an impartial attitude 已不偏不倚的态度来对待这个问题，approach the subject from a historical point of view 从历史的角度来看这个主题。
5 、C provoke 是"激起、引发"的意思，如: provoke indignation of the public 激起公愤，cause 可以表达同样的意义，但要普通得多。
6、 D tolerate 是"忍受"的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热，tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受侮辱。
2011年职称英语试题综合类（A级）真题及答案
综合类（A级）试卷及答案年职称英语试题综合类（2011年职称英语试题第⼀部分考题：词汇选项 1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor 答案：A unclear--- obscure.模糊不清晰的 2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly 答案选择A(greatly) – considerably， greatly 意思为adv. 相当地;⾮常地 3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting 答案：C (push)-- urge催促某⼈做某事 push推;促进;逼迫 4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle 答案：D handle—approach Approach： start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way解决问题。
5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignoredB organizedC causedD received 答案：C caused ----provoke: 激怒.惹起.驱使，造成 6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand 答案：D stand= tolerate 忍受、承受 7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy 答案：A energetic---vigorous 精⼒充沛的有活⼒的 8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting 答案：A shake – tremble 颤抖颤动 9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught 答案：Cpraised ---hail: 招呼.致敬.万岁.向...欢呼. 10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid 答案： D afraid---- scared 害怕.恐惧 11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand 答案： D understand--- grasp 理解，明⽩ 12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing 答案：B saying--- remarking 说话，说出 13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged 答案：D (maintain) – assert 主张、声称、断⾔ 其他选项分析：Maintain：维修;主张;供养Recommend：推荐Considere：考虑Acknowledge：承认致谢 14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science co u r s e s . / f o n t > / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 1 " > f o n t f a c e = " T i m e s N e w R o m a n " s i z e = " 3 " b d s f i d = " 3 0 2 " > &n b s p ; / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 3 " > f o n t s i z e = " 3 " b d s f i d = " 3 0 4 " > 0 0 f o n t f a c e = " T i m e s N e w R o m a n " b d s f i d = " 3 0 5 " > A r e l a t i v e B g e n e r a l C c o n t i n u o u s D s h a r p / f o n t > / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 6 " > f o n t f a c e = " T i m e s N e w R o m a n " s i z e = " 3 " b d s f i d = " 3 0 7 " > &n b s p ; / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 8 " >。
2011年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解习题（10）
【导读】在职称英语考试的所有题型中，阅读理解的得分权重，占试卷总分的45％。
为了提⾼⼴⼤考⽣阅读理解能⼒，特整理了以下“2011年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解习题”资料，供考⽣复习。
The Greatest Show on Earth The Olympic Game’s are the greatest festival of sport in the world. Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics-to take part is what matters. The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first. For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. The team of the country where the Games are being held- the host country-marches in last. The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame. A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsman march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display? The competitions begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sorts in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field, but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport-riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams. More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics, Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now, they compete in all but half a-dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men. 1. why is there honor for the losers as well as for the winners? A)Because failure is the mother of the success. B)Because losers need encouragement, too. C)Because losers and winners should be equally treated. D)Because what really matters is to take part in the Olympic Games. 2. Which of the following is a long-established practice in the opening ceremony? A)Runners enter the stadium with torches. B)Each team has to put on a wonderful display. C)The Greek team marches in first. D)Men and women were magnificent clothes. 3. Who takes the Olympic oath? A)A judge from the host country. B)An official from the host country. C)A Greek sportsman. D)A sportsman from the host country. 4. What the most important events in the Olympic Games? A)The track and field events. B)The horse-riding events. C)The swimming events. D)The boat-racing events. 5. When did women start taking part in Olympic Games? A)In 1912. B)In 1900. C)In 1928. D)In 1924. KEY：D C D A B。
2011职称英语综合类阅读理解(小条版2分栏15分)
Pool Watch（B）1) AI = artificial2) What= It can distinguish3) How= It alerts4) Which= He runs5) “considered”=“rated”. The Cherokee Nation（B）1) The = in the southeastern2) One= writing down3) A = force the4) When= all of5) Many= they did notA Ride in a Cable-car（B）1) The cable-car= to Sentosa.2) Which=along the steel cable3) Passengers = so high in the sky.4) The short trip= slowly5) The last sentence= as - as Career With a Uniform（B）1) According = The pay2) It= 6,000,0003) Besides= wants to attract4) Why = Grads who5) The word = secretDorm Food More Comfy（B）1) Which dorms?= TV sets2) Which author?= US3) The= Italian Pizza4) Which true?= He teaches cooking5) What= Cooking is a good way toA Tale of Scottish Rural Life1) What about?= The lives of2) Which= only once3) What = The history4) Who = The Germans.5) The = traditional life. Who Wants to Live Forever? （B）1) Which- is NOT = Having2) Which - is implied= Marriages3) All- are possible= More money4) An important= it lacks5) Which - best = Reserved. Excessive Demands on Young People 1． According= They waste 2．With =They become3．How = It makes them aloof 4．What =They should try5．In =Be supportiveEat to Live（B）1) According –passage= We have to2) Why = To illustrate3) What= They are more likely4) According – author= The mice5) According –last= Dieting New US Plan for Disease Prevention（B）1.) Which= They often2. )The author = higher3)The article= much4). The $15 = promoting5. )Early= cancer Eiffel Is an Eyeful（综C）1) Why = Tourists of2) What= Visitors prefer3) Which= He climbed 7474) What = Conducting5) Which =Visitors can imagine Sleep1) The= because2) According-problem=your life3) According-solution=to employ people4) “the third” = third week.5) “another” =another routine.The State of Marriage Today 1．Which=More2．What=Women are not3．Why = Many4．How =They are more 5．Which=ManyThe Barbie Dolls1) When = to be highly successful.2) Who=3人3) It= Build.4) Where = Lilly.5) Which =She donot attract young men. Goal of American Education1) Which= To give every2) It is = the subject3) American=acquisition -creative.4) According= the students5) Which= Its underlyingTaxi Riding（综C）1) Form the Ghanaian driver’s1) he was indifferent to the2) Why did the Pakistani driver2) Because he suspected that3) What is the author’s3) The driver thought it wrong4) Which of the following4) They are sympathetic with5)What does the passage mainly 5) The attitudes of taxi drivers Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 1) Which of the following1) Does brain arrange memories2) What is the result of the2) Somatosensory neocortex and3) What is the relation of3) The poorer the memory, the4) In what way is memory related4) The more hippocampus shrinks,5) According to the last5) To control glucose levels. Spacing in Animals（综C）1) Which of the following is the1) Distance between an animal2) If an animal’s critical2) begin to attack.3) According to the passage,3) psychological distance.4) Which of the following could4) Strip of land5) The example of the children 5) social distance is sometimesThe Only Way Is Up（综C）1)"...these are cities1)want to maintain their2)The difficulty in2)the lack of a device to carry3)When Otis came up with the3)most people had doubt about4)Which of the following best4)Uninteresting.5)Psychologists find the lift a 5)in a lift the bubble of Some Things We Know about Language 1) In the second paragraph the1) any human race, whether2) According to the author,2) complicated3) The author has used American3) just as advanced as some4) Which of the following4) Some primitive languages are5) According to he author5) vocabularyClone Farm（综C）1)Which statement is the best1)Cloned chickens are2)Which institution has2)The US’s National Institute3)In the third paragraph, by3)Chickens could grow to the4)Which of the following4)Origen has joined hands with5)The technology of freezing 5)farmers can order certain Income（综C）1) This passage is mainly about1) the difference between2) Which of the following2) The money that goes for3) It can be known from this3) corporation profits.4) According to this passage,4) not money earned but money5) The passage implies that 5)People pay taxes somewhat Forecasting Methods（综C）1) What factor is NOT mentioned1) Imagination of the forecaster.2) Persistence method will work2) if weather conditions do not3) The limitation of the trends3) the weather features need to4) Which method may involve4) Both climatology method and5) It will be impossible to make 5) when the current weather Importance of Services（综C）1) The first paragraph intends1) services are important.2) Between 1966 and 1986, the2) 32.4 million service jobs.3) Many economists, business3) most of the fast growth in4) The importance of services4) by money spent on business5) What does the writer of this 5) Their prices.The National Park Service（C）1) Why are America’s national1) Because they are always out2) Which of the following2) They protect the National3) The National Park Service3) molding the Nation.4) What is this passage about?4) It is about the National Park5) What will the paragraph 5) The work that has been done Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（综C）1)Who had the greatest1)Their friends.2)Which of the following2)People were not likely to3)According to Dr. Nicholas A.3)Friends affected each4)Which factor of becoming4)Life style.5)In what way is obesity5)Social networks let the Wikipedial Imposes New Curbs On Editing Articles1)What is the latest change of1)Some of the pages will not2)Why has Wikipedia set the2)Because stricter criteria3)Which statement about Robert3)He used to edits entries in4)Which of the following4)The current discipline5)Pierre Omidyar is5)an enterpriserSpoilt for Choice综A1．What=The latter has 2．When =Seek advice．3．Why=They are4．How =People now have more 5．Which=More choiceThe Operation of International Airlines（综A）1)According to the passage, in1)cater to the need of2)the tourist industry is3)showing more movies during4)speeding up customs5)They do not travel on the Sauna（综A）1) Ceremonial bathing1)has various forms.2) What is understood by some2)Saunas with smoke.3)curing asthma.4)pores are cleaned by sweat.5) Who are advised not to take 5)All of the above.Terrorist Attack? （综A）1)The question raised in the1)that was never difficult for2)The project funded by the2)was to find out why some3)was part of the building4)A surprising discovery made4)some floor framing systems5)What Dr. Reinhorn said in the 5)blast engineering emerges as1)The word "practically" in the① nearlythe following is NOT② embrace3)Some parents, teachers③ Diseases could be4)Which of the following④ In some countries, it's⑤ positiveWomen Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer1)Debenhams could most possibly be：① a department store 2)According to the passage,② The Climate of Great Britain③ Most women no longer wore④ From the age of 23, skirt⑤ soarthe Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed（综A）1) According to the first1) School boards oppose AIBS’s2) Darwin’s theory is denied3) more than 80 societies and4) is fundamental to the5) Why do people replace the 5) because the term creationism1)Scotland is thought to have 1)the ideas proposed by some2)To find ways to improve human3)the prosperity of all4)Which of the following4)It is still alive in a broad5)the tradition of Scottish The Beginning of American Literature（综A）1)What does 'that hope' in the1)The hope to start a new life.2)Long before the year 1,000.3)What can we learn from the3)About the everyday life of4)The main purpose of the last4)early-day experience5)Some British writers had Older Volcanic Eruptions（综A）1) Why did older volcanic1)Because they killed off life2) How did Wignall calculate2)By comparing the proportion3) When did dinosaurs become3)65 million years ago.4)The cause of their extinction5) What is the main thesis of 5) Older volcanic eruptions。
2011职称英语综合(A级)阅读理解、答案
2011年综合类阅读理解（A级）+新增第四部分阅读理解第四十一篇：The Operation of International Airlines(A级)International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair1would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2 Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the excutive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive‟s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive‟s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch—the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night‟s sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.Although it is the airlines‟ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler—the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.练习：1. According to the passage, in operating air lines it is essential toA.keep in mind the need of the executives only.B.satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C.try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D.cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hardtime EXCEPT thatA.the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B.there is no increase in the number of passengers.C.there are more seats on the planes than needed.D.the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA.making their seats more comfortable.B.providing better food during flights.C.showing more movies during the long flights.D.offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA.making sure the departures are not delayed.B.the efficient handling of luggage.C.speeding up customs procedure.D.the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers thatfrustrates the airlines?A.They do not book their seats in advance.B.They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C.They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D.They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.练习：1. According to the passage, in operating air lines it is essential toA. keep in mind the need of the executives only.B. satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C. try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D. cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hardtime EXCEPT thatA. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B. there is no increase in the number of passengers.C. there are more seats on the planes than needed.D. the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA. making their seats more comfortable.B. providing better food during flights.C. showing more movies during the long flights.D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA. making sure the departures are not delayed.B. the efficient handling of luggage.C. speeding up customs procedure.D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers thatfrustrates the airlines?A. They do not book their seats in advance.B. They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C. They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D. They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.第四十二篇：Sauna桑拿(A级)Ceremonial正式的bathing1has existed for thousands of years and has many forms,one of which is the sauna. The Finns芬兰人have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit3 would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna” , is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving4. Those with muscle aches orarthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time5. The body‟s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, this imitating6a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever”7. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 1bs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body‟s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9gets a work out10as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor‟s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA)is called the sauna by Finns.B)is equivalent to the steam bath.C)has various forms.D)is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas in using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recovery.C)relieving stress.D)curing asthma. [医]哮喘4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow发光,发热becauseA)pores毛孔are cleaned by sweat.B)water is lost by sweating.C)blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D)the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA)is called the sauna by Finns.B)is equivalent to the steam bath.C)has various forms.D)is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas in using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recovery.C)relieving stress.D)curing asthma. [医]哮喘4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow发光,发热becauseA)pores毛孔are cleaned by sweat.B)water is lost by sweating.C)blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D)the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.第四十三篇：Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? (A级)In the aftermath of1the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable; Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero2 as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning thetask of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in building that were damaged, but still are standing3.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage4,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies5to achieve enhanced performance of buildings6in the event of terrorist attacks,” he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail7 the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,” explained A. Whittaker, Ph.D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.”The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing8system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact9. “Highly redundant ductile framing sy stems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,” he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism o f collapse,” said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.”A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutio ns and to develop new ones where none exist at present.”练习：1. The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to .2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B)took about two days to complete.C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. WhittakerA)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B)was part of the World Trade Center.C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the world Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistantdesign.C)solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply toterrorist-resistant design.D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.练习：1. The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA)that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B)that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.D)that terrorists are eager to find a solution to .2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA)was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B)took about two days to complete.C)was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. WhittakerA)was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B)was part of the World Trade Center.C)was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D)damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the world Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA)floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.B)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C)simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D)floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA)blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B)blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistantdesign.C)solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply toterrorist-resistant design.D)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy1 (A级)The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to the handshake or high-five. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There's the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There's the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who don't receive hugs feel left Out? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head ha created a three-second limitation for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, it's not unusual for men who know eachother well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing noses together.So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just now joining in.词汇：touchy adj. 易怒的；敏感的harassment n. 骚扰triplet n. 三个一组；三件一套注释：1. touchy 的本意为“易怒的”、“敏感的”，这里用来指“喜欢肢体接触的”，标题意味美国人越来越喜欢肢体接触了。
2011年职称英语考试真题答案综合类(C级)
2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（C级）试题题解第1部分：词汇选项1 A eventually 和 finally 同义，都表示"最后、最终"的意思，又如: They met with difficulties and dangers on their way, but eventualJy they got to the destination. 他们一路上遭遇种种险阻，但最终到达了目的地。
certainly肯定地，luckily 幸运地，naturally 自然地。
2 C propose 和 suggest 是同义词，都是"建议、提议、提出"的意思，注意用法略有不同，两者后面都可以跟动词的-ing 形式，但是propose后面可以用动词不定式，suggest 则不可以。
可以说 We propose to have a meeting. 但是不可以说 We suggest t have a meeting。
test 测试、检验，announce 宣布、公布。
3 C rely on 是个很常用的动词短语，意为"依靠、依赖"，和 depend on 同义。
4 D explore 是"探索、探险、摸索"的意思，investigate 除了常用的 "调查" 这层意思外，也具有"探索"这样的意义，本句的意思是:在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。
5 C brief 这个形容词可以解释"简单的"，也有"简短的、短暂的"的意思，如 a brief talk/introduction 简短的谈话/介绍，a brief visit 短暂的访问。
6 D vary 意为"变化、改变"，故用 change 替换。
本句的意思是:我的医生说我的饮食应该更多样化。
2011职称英语完型填空 与 综合阅读(含新增篇目内容)
2011年职称英语阅读理解和完形填空新增文章目录下面是2011年阅读理解和完形填空新增文章的目录，供大家在复习时进行对照。
综合类阅读理解部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)C级第八篇The State of Marriage Today当代婚姻B级*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People对年轻人的过高期望A级+第四十七篇Spoilt for Choice多不胜选综合类完型填空部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)C级第五篇Why People Use Pseudonyms为什么人们用假名?B级*第十二篇Sport or Spectacle竞技还是表演?A级+第十五篇Life Expectancy in the last Hundred Years上世纪人类平均寿命的变化综合类教材中完型填空题型错误提醒：1、第十三篇英文暂无译文。
2、第十三篇中文译文实为第十五篇英文的译文。
3、第十五篇中文译文，大家可忽略不计，因英文已在教材删除。
理工类阅读理解部分新增5篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)C级第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值C级第六篇Weaving with Light 编织灯光B级*第三十八篇Longer Lives for Wild Elephants野生大象寿命更长A级+第四十五篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others咸度味感因人而异A级+第四十六篇Marvelous Metamaterials不可思议的超材料理工类完型填空部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)C级第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe? 宇宙中哪种气体温度最低?B级*第十二篇Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪A级+第十五篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores 运动的年轻人智商更高卫生类阅读理解部分新增4篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)C级第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor 厨房油烟可致癌B级*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗B级*第二十四篇Preventing Child Maltreatment 遏制虐待儿童现象A级+第三十四篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance警惕抗菌药物的耐药性卫生类完型填空部分新增4篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)C级第二篇Influenza流行性感冒B级*第七篇Exercise体育运动B级*第八篇Food Safety and Footborne illness食品安全与食源性疾病A级+第十二篇Pandemic H1N1 20092009年甲型H1N1流感大流行特此别说明：本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于C级考试水平，供报考C级考试的学员阅读;标有―*‖的文章相当于B级考试水平;标有―+‖的文章，相当于A级考试水平。
2011年全国职称英语综合类(C级)真题及答案解析
2011年全国职称英语综合类（C级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.A FinallyB CertainlyC LuckilyD Naturally2. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A testedB usedC suggestedD announced3. She can be relied on in a crisis.A looked afterB believed inC depended onD turned on4. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC acceptedD investigated5. Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A hardB goodC shortD long6. My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A prepareB cookC chooseD change7. Things have changed a lot since I was a child.A graduallyB suddenlyC frequentlyD greatly8. The book took ten years thorough research.A carefulB basicC socialD major9. The love of money is the root of all evil.A causeB resultC endD force10. The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives．A effortB influenceC problemD concern11. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turnedB reducedC movedD reformed12. The test produced disappointing results.A unsatisfactoryB indirectC similarD positive13. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order14. Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reportedB hopedC answeredD admitted15. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章
2011年职称英语综合类类阅读理解新增文章篇目第八篇 The State of Marriage Today*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Y oung People+第四十七篇Spoilt for Choice注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、完形填空请参见第13页；3、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。
第八篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years，the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded：almost 50％of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse．If this trend continues．it will lead to the breakup of the family，according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association．Some futurists predict that in l 00 years．the average American will marry at least four times．and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now．But what are the reasons for this，and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessity it once was．The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need．Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home．But with the rising number of women in well—paying jobs，this is no longer the case，so they don’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage．In answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems．While the rate of divorce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular．In addition to this．many couples now coha bit and don’t bother to marry．These couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics．In fact．more than 50％Of first marriages survive．The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages．So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn’t．And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts．Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!词汇：Divorce n．离婚Evidence n．证据，迹象Futurist n．未来主义者Explode v．激增，迅速扩大Predict v．预言，预料，预报Extramarital adj．婚外的Gloomy adj．阴暗的；令人沮丧的Institution n．制度，习俗Outlook n．展望，前景Pessimistic adj．悲观的Cohabit v．同居Effectively ad．实际上Statistics n．统计，统计资料Deceptive adj．迷惑的，骗人的Outdated adj．旧式的，过时的Indicate v．表明，暗示Consequence n．结果，后果Contented adj．满足的，满意的Counterpart n．对应的人(或物)注释：National Family Association：美国国家家庭联合会练习：1．Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family．B) Half of the married couples get divorced：C) American people marry more than four times．D) More and more people are getting divorced．2．What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A) It is not necessary to get married any more．B) Women do not need a husband any longer．C) Women are not economically dependant any more．D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now．3．Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married．B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased．C) Over 50％of the marriages continue to exist．D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true。
2011年职称英语考试综合类A级（阅读理解）试题及答案
2011年职称英语考试已于3⽉26⽇结束，以下是考友分享的2011职称英语(综合类A级)真题答案：阅读判断，希望对⼤家有所帮助。
2011年职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案下⾯有3篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5道题，每道题后⾯都有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短⽂并根据短⽂回答其后⾯的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第⼀篇 The Smell of Money For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (⾹⽓) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism. But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food. It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰⼦) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (⾃动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats. “The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.” 31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in A cafes B banks C travel agencies D supermarkets 32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people A to spend money B to feel confident about banks C to earn more money D to withdraw money from banks 33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in that A people’s attitudes toward money are different B it’s hard to identify and analyze it C no technology can do it D experts have no motive 34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A see B study C control D understand 35. Researchers think A artificial smells help to improve people’s memory B the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage C artificial smells are harmful D the production of artificial smells is profitably第⼆篇 Spoilt for Choice(A级) Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestylecoaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5. The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied. It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety. The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. 36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives B only professionals have the right to do that C they have sufficient money to pay D they have emotional problems 37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice? A Giving up B Walking away C Buying an unsuitable item D Seeking advice 38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays? A They are of poor quality. B They are quickly replaced with new ones. C They have too many versions. D They are not designed by computers. 39. How does migration today differ from that of the past? A People now migrate to find better jobs. B People now migrate for better life. C People now migrate for better environments. D People now have more choice about where to migrate. 40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice? A Better more choice than no choice B Better no choice than more choice C All choice is easy D More choice, more anxiety第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect verysmall amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often 41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A they’re popular B they’re cheap C they’re useful D they’re convenient 42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed C discovered D caused 43. The salesman retired young because A he disliked using mobile phones B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone C he couldn’t remember simple tasks D his employer’s doctor persuaded him to 44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about 45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to buy mobile phones B to update regular phones C to use mobile phones less often D to stop using mobile phones 答案解析： 第⼀篇阅读理解：the smell of money 31. Artificial sm e l l s h a v e b e e n u s e d i n _ _ _ .。
2011年职称英语试题综合类范文
2011年职称英语试题综合类（B级）试卷及答案2011-10-11 10:45:06学易网【字体：放大正常缩小】【打印页面】第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. We need to extract the relevant flnancial data.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review2. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended3. She always finds fault with everything. .A. simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. Examines4. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work.to doA. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. Knowing5. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned.6. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past yearA. heldB. increasedC. expectedD. offered7. We have to act within the existing legal frameworkA. limitC. statusB. procedureD. system8. Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hoursA. spendC. standB. takeD. last9. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happenedA. giveB. attachC. understandD. lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalC. strongB. traditionalD. magnificent11. Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered12. The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason13. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our livesA. effortC. concernB. problemD. influence14. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredC. acceptedB. includedD. investigated15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. continuousC. generalB. relativeD. sharp第二部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011年全国职称英语等级测验真题及答案综合类(c)
2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案综合类（C级）2011-5-9 16:51 中华会计网校 【大中小】【打印】【我要纠错】 第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.A FinallyB CertainlyC LuckilyD Naturally 2. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A testedB usedC suggestedD announced 3. She can be relied on in a crisis.A looked afterB believed inC depended onD turned on 4. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC acceptedD investigated 5. Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A hardB goodC shortD long 6. My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A prepareB cookC chooseD change 7. Things have changed a lot since I was a child.A graduallyB suddenlyC frequentlyD greatly 8. The book took ten years thorough research.A carefulB basicC socialD major 9. The love of money is the root of all evil.A causeB resultC endD force 10. The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives．A effortB influenceC problemD concern 11. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turnedB reducedC movedD reformed 12. The test produced disappointing results.A unsatisfactoryB indirectC similarD positive 13. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order 14. Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reportedB hopedC answeredD admitted 15. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011职称英语新增试题及译文
词汇题技巧一条线一个词——直接查同义词典一条线二个词（介词+名词）——先跳过，最后做。
查名词释义，再查各个选项意思一条线二个词（动词+副词）——先跳过，最后做。
查动词释义，再查各个选项意思一条线三个词（动+副+介）——先跳过，最后做。
查动词释义，再查各个选项意思一条线三个词（并列二个词）——先跳过，最后做。
查前不查后，再查各个选项意思一条线三个词（动+名+介）——先跳过，最后做。
查名不查动，再查各个选项意思一条线四个词（动+副+物主代词+名）——先跳过，最后做。
查名不查动，再查各个选项意思一条线对应二个或多个选项——直接查同义词典，跳过，最后做。
要看懂整句话。
“英英”查不到——先跳过，最后做。
1、查英英/同义词词典，对上谁选谁。
若没有2、都查英汉。
若没有3、看懂原文，新增译文：第四部分阅读理解第八篇当代婚姻如今的婚姻出什么严重问题了吗?在过去50年中，美国的离婚率暴涨：现在几乎50％的婚姻以离婚告终，证据显示，情况还将持续恶化。
据美国国家联合会的发言人称，如果这种趋势持续下去，将导致家庭的破裂。
一些未来学家预测，100年后的美国人将平均至少结四次婚，而婚外恋甚至将比现在更为普遍。
那问题的原因是什么?现状真的如此糟糕吗?第一个问题的答案十分简单：婚姻早已不像它过去那样非有不可了。
从好些年前开始，经济需求已经只是婚姻的部分基础。
过去，由于女性除了家庭以外没有任何工作，她们常常在经济上依赖丈夫。
现在，随着高薪女性的增多，情况也已经改变。
因此，她们觉得没有必要被一段失败的婚姻捆住手脚。
回答第二个问题，前景似乎不像它看起来那么令人悲观。
尽管离婚率升高，但实际结婚率并没有下降，所以说结婚还是挺流行的。
除此之外，现在许多恋人同居但并不急着领证。
这些人事实上已经结婚，但他们却是统计结婚与离婚率的盲区。
超过50％的第一次婚姻实际上是成功的。
之前数据的欺骗性在于二度与三度婚姻的离婚率要高于首次婚姻。
婚姻真的过时了吗?大多数人仍会结婚，这一事实证明不是这样的。
2011年职称英语阅读理解题干及选4
2011年职称英语阅读理解题干及选项----综合类A级(2011-02-09 19:31:08)标签：职称英语考试职称杂谈综合类---A级Sauna1. Ceremonial bathingA. is called the sauna by Finns.B. is equivalent to the steam bath.C. has various forms.D. is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A. Saunas in underground caves.B. Saunas with smoke.C. Saunas using wood burning stoves.D. Saunas using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA. reducing the chance of getting cold.B. speeding recovery.C. relieving stress.D. curing asthma.4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow becauseA. pores are cleaned by sweat.B. water is lost by sweating.C. blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D. the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A. Elderly people.B. Pregnant women.C. People with heart trouble.D. All of the above.American Get Touchy1. The word “practically” in the first paragraph could be best replaces by _______.A. certainlyB. nearlyC. activelyD. voluntarily2. Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greeting in the past?A. hands off “What’s up”B. handshakeC. high-fiveD. embrace3. Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT:A. Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.B. Those who don’t receive hugs feel left out.C. There’s the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.D. Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.B. Although some adults worry about the trend, few measures have been taken to ban on it.C. Traditionally, the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.D. In some countries, it’s usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.5. We can infer that the author holds a _____ attitude toward the new trend of hugging.A. positiveB. negativeC. indifferentD. conservativeWomen Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer1. Debenhams could most possibly be:A. a fashion magazineB. a lifestyle associationC. an expert on trendsD. a department store2. According to the passage, British women are happy to wear mini-skirts up until an older age because of the following reasons EXCEPT:A. Women are more and more confident in their bodies.B. Women nowadays pay much attention to body building, and this provides them with well toned bodies to wear mini-skirts.C. The Climate of Great Britain are getting warmer in recent years, thus women can war minis for a longer time.D. More and more women are now living on their own.3. We can infer from the second and third paragraph that in 1970s________.A. A lot of women dared to wear mini-skirts at the age of 40.B. Most women between 33 and 36 were still happy to wear mini-skirts.C. Even women in their early 50s rightly regarded a mini-skirt as an essential part of their everyday wardrobe.D. Most women no longer wore mini-skirts when they reach the age of 13.4. Which of the following statements about the length of the mini-skirts is true?A. At the age of 14, girls often wear mini-skirts which are about 46cm in size.B. Girls at the age of 19 wear the shortest mini-skirts.C. At the age of 23, most girls wear mini-skirts which are 37cm long.D. From the age of 23, skirt length increases because girls are in their first stable relationship.5. The word ”Zoom” in the first sentence of the last paragraph can be best replaced by:A. soarB. decreaseC. hold steadyD. dropOlder V olcanic Eruptions1. Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?A.Because they killed off life more easily.B. Because they were brighter.C. Because they were larger.D. Because they were hotter.2. How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?A. By estimating how long they lasted.B. By counting the dinosaurs they killed.C. By studying the chemical composition of lava.D. By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.3. When did dinosaurs become extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years ago.C. 60 million years ago.D. 65 million years ago.4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?A. They were killed off by an asteroid.B. They died of drastic climate change.C. They were wiped off by a volcanic eruption.D. The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.5. What is the main thesis of the article?A. V olcanic eruptions are not always deadly.B. Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.C. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.D. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.The Operation of International Airlines1. According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential toA. keep in mind the need of the executives only.B. satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.C.try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.D. cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hard time EXCEPT thatA. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.B. there is no increase in the number of passengers.C. there are more seats on the planes than needed.D. the competition between airlines is strong.3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPTA. making their seats more comfortable.B. providing better food during flights.C. showing more movies during the long flights.D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes toA. making sure the departures are not delayed.B. the efficient handling of luggage.C. speeding up customs procedure.D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?A. They do not book their seats in advance.B. They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.C. They do not travel on the flight they have booked.D. They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.The Beginning of American Literature1. What does 'that hope' in the first paragraph refer to?A. The hope that America would be discovered.B. The hope to start a new life.C. The hope to see the mysteries of the New World.D. The hope to find poverty here.2. When did American literature begin?A. Before the American natives lived there.B. When Columbus and other explorers sent reports back home..C. When the Northmen found America in about 1,000.D. Long before the year 1,000.3. What can we learn from the literature of the tribes of the native Americans?A. About the everyday life of the native Americans.B. About the arrival of Columbus.C. About the experience of the first European settlers.D. About the experience of those who died in the New England wilderness.4. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers thatA. in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain.B. people with rich life experiences became writers.C. there were many writers in the early days of American history.D. early-day experience provided the foundation for American literature.5. According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is true about American literature?A. Some British writers started American literature.B. Early-day American literature is a reflection of the boring life then.C. Some British writers bad doubts about the future of American literature.D. Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature.Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?1．The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA. that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.B. that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.C. that was never difficult for before the terrorist attack.D. that terrorists are eager to find a solution to.2. The project funded by the National Science FoundationA. was first proposed by some engineers at UB.B. took about two days to complete.C. was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.D. was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.3. The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker.A. was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.B. was part of the World Trade Center.C. was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade Center.D. damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center.4. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is thatA. floors in the adjacent building remain undamaged.B. some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.C. simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.D. floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris.5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT thatA. blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant design.B. blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistant design.C. solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant design.D. blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.Finding Enlightenment in Scotland1. Scotland is thought to have made important contributions to the civilization of the Westem world because ofA. the great thinkers who were born there,B. the methods introduced by its distinguished scholars.C. the first-class education it provides.D. the ideas proposed by some famous thinkers’ and intellectuals.2. Which of the following is the ultimate aim of Hume's humanity-oriented studies?A. To observe and investigate human behavior.B. To find ways to improve human society as a whole.C. To find out how people think and feel.D. To judge the societies humans live in.3. Smith's idea of “enlightened self-interest" has great significance forA. the pursuit of personal interest.B. the prosperity of all nations.C. the improvement of international trade.D. the study of economics only.4. Which of the following statements is true of the Scottish Enlightenment?A. It ended with the death of such thinkers as Hume and Adam Smith.B. It is embodied only in the way Scottish universities are run.C. Its influence is found only in economics.D. It is still alive in a broad sense.5. The Institute for System Level Integration is used as an example to illustrateA. the practical orientation of Scottish higher education.B. the tradition of Scottish higher education.C.Smith's application of Hume's philosophical ideas to eccentrics.D. the high level of education Scottish universities have attained.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed1．According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?A. Government entities support AIBS’s effor t to defend the theory of evolution.B. School boards oppose AIBS’s effort to defend the theory of evolution.C. AIBS and school boards advocate the teaching of the theory of evolution.D. The theory of evolution and that of creationism co-exist peacefully in schools.2. Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin’stheory?A. Teaching of creationism diminishes teaching of evolution.B. Teachers are not required to teach Darwi n’s theory.C. teachers often leave out the teaching of evolution.D. Darwin’s theory is denied as the central theory of biology.3. AIBS’s is composed ofA. more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.B. 250,000 biologists.C. 80 member organizations.D. more than 250,000 members and 80 member societies.4. According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolutionA. is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.B. is a political issue.C. is based on genetics, molecular biology and genomics.D. has increased our understanding of human health.5. Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?A. Because “intelligent design” represents the modified theory of evolution.B. Because they believe God created different species.C. Because the term creationism is unscientific.D. because the term creationism is too direct.The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight1. What determines your weight?A.Your working manner.B.Your eating habit.C.Your life style.D.Your genes.2. What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?A.He let the eight fat people skip supper.B.He let the eight fat people skip breakfast.C. He let the eight fat people run every morning and evening.D.He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.3. What happened to the eight fat people after they left .the hospital?A.They went mad.B.They killed themselvesC.They were back to normal weight.D.They attempted suicide.4. What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?A.Battle their genetic inheritance.B.Increase their weight,C.Stay at home.D.Lower their weight.5. What did scientists think was true?A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B.Each person has a weight range of 9 kg.C.Each person wants to control his weight.D.Each person wants to eat to his heart's content.。
2011职称英语综合类A级真题及答案解析
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear -- obscure2. Th e sea turtle’s natural habit has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A greatly -- considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C push -- urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle -- approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused -- provoke6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand -- tolerate7. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy答案：A energetic -- vigorous8.Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting答案：A shake -- tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught答案：C praised -- hail10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案： D afraid -- scared11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案： D understand -- grasp12. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying -- remarking13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D acknowledge -- assert14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：C continuous -- steady15. She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes -- finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
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2011年职称英语阅读理解新增文章题干及选项——综合类2011年职称英语阅读理解新增文章题干及选项——综合类(2011-01-31 22:10:17)第八篇 The State of MarriageToday练习：1. Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.B) Half of the married couples get divorced.C) American people marry more than four times.D) More and more people are getting divorced.2. What does "this is no longer the case" in paragraph two mean?A) It is not necessary to get married any more.B) Women do not need a husband any longer.C) Women are not economically dependant any more.D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.3. Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married.B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C) Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true.4. How do people usually feel in their marriage life?A) They are much healthier.B) They feel no longer single.C) They are more satisfied.D) They suffer a lot less.5. Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A) There will be more relationships outside marriage.B) Many people try to get married again after divorce.C) Marriage has long been partly an economical need.D) It is a fact that most people choose to get married.*第三十八篇 Excessive Demands on Young People1. According to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M?A) They are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.B) They waste more time than they should save. contrary to common assumptions.C) They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.D) They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.2. With the advent of new gadgets, what will happen to Generation M's present e-devices?A) They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.B) They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.C) They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties.D) They are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.3. How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely?A) It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.B) It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends.C) It makes them selfish and possessive.D) It makes them impolite and ungrateful.4. What is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities?A) They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.B) They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.C) They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.D) They should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next.5. In dealing with today's youth, what approach should parents take?A) Be supportive and understanding.B) Be realistic and lower their expectationsC) Be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.D) Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually. +第四十七篇Spoiltfor Choice练习：1. What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph?A) The former is a right while the latter is not.B) The latter has more impact on life.C) The former may happen for many times in life.D) The latter requires a fee.2. When people can not easily decide what to buy, what is the least possible choice?A) Give up.B) Walk away.C) Buy an unsuitable item.D) Seek advice.3. Why do products have short lifespan nowadays?A) They are more often replaced with better ones.B) They have worse quality.C) They have too many versions.D) Computer technology advances too fast.4. How does migration differ from the past?A) People now migrate across the whole earth.B) People now migrate for better life.C) People now have more choice about where to migrate.D) People now migrate for better environment.5. Which is the best summary of the writer's attitude towards choice ina commercial society?A) More choice, more anxiety.B) Better more choice than no choice.C) Better no choice than more choice.D) All choice is not easy.。