简单句、并列句和连词
(完整版)简单句-并列句-复合句
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2. 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）
用来提出请求，建议或发出命令，肯定的祈使句
用动词原形开头，否定的祈使句用Don’t 或 Never + 动词原形开头。例如：
1. Sit down, please! 2. Don’t be nervous!
有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词do。 例如：Do come earlier, please!
例如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time. = If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time.
2. 并列连词so 不能与because连用; 并列连词 but不能和although或 though连用。
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V. 句子的分类（按用途）
句子按用途可分为： 1. 陈述句 （Declarative Sentences） 2. 疑问句 （Interrogative Sentences） 3. 祈使句 （Imperative Sentences） 4. 感叹句 （Exclamatory Sentences）
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1. 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）
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6. 状语 ( Adverbial )
常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时
表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰
形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、
介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。 例如：
1. The miners work very hard.
用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如： 1) Light travels faster than sound.
高考英语 第十章 简单句 并列句 复合句知识精讲
高考英语第十章简单句并列句复合句知识精讲只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。
The old man lives in this village .（一个主语+一个谓语）Li Qing and Li Hui went there together.( 并列主语+一个谓语)She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.(一个主语+三个并列谓语)They are twins.（一个主语+连系动词+表语）She always keeps the room clean and tidy.(一个主语+一个谓语)英语简单句五种基本句型（一）:基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound，hold, stay, stand（保持）等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go ,等属另一类,表示变化.其中be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. His face turned red.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.连系动词不用于被动语态（若用作行为动词除外）。
【正】The apple tastes sweet .这苹果尝起来很甜。
【误】The apple is tasted sweet.●作表语的一般不能是-ly结尾的副词，否则句子不能成立。
重点-连词、简单句和并列句
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1．主语＋系动词＋表语 Mr.Smith is a doctor.
2．主语＋不及物动词 Things change.
3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语 The children like swimming.
4．主语＋及物动词＋双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语) My father bought me a car.
5．主语＋及物动词＋复合宾语(宾语＋宾补) Tom made the baby laugh. I found the book easy. 注意：其他各种句子都由这五种基本句型扩展、变化或省
略而构成。
三、并列句的分类
1．表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only…but also…， neither…nor…， then 等连接。
7．Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ____并__列__句____ 8．What he said at the meeting is very important. ____复__合__句____ 9．The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ____简__单__句____ 10．Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ____简__单__句____
重点-连词、简单句和并列句
2．按句子的结构可分三种
1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列 谓语)。
He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or 等)或分号(；)，把两 个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
高考英语语法复习：简单句、并列句、三大从句及特殊句式
高考英语语法复习：简单句、并列句、三大从句及特殊句式（一）简单句和并列句单句语法填空1．Whitecollar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age bluecollar workers prefer to retire early.while解析：句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。
并列连词while在此表示对比。
2．For much of that time, she wanted to fly, never had the chance until now.but解析：她想飞，但一直没有得到机会，前后为转折关系，故填but。
3．As a visitor or guest in a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!either解析：根据空后的or可知，这里填either构成either...or... “……或者……”结构。
句意：作为一个游客或者客人，在中国人的家里或者餐馆里，你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中很有必要。
4．The visitors had just left the museum they heard a bomb explode at the exit.when解析：句意：这些游客刚离开博物馆就听到出口处传来炸弹爆炸的声音。
这里用had just done sth. when...句式表示“刚做完某事就……”。
5．However, it is reported that eating bad food for a long term not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, and that it can also affect our mental state result in depression.and解析：“影响精神状况”与“导致抑郁”是顺承关系，故用并列连词and。
连词,并列句,复合句
while只指一段时间。 因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词
可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词, 而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词.
②when 表从句动作和主句动作同时发生,也可以 是先后发生； while 则多表示主从句两个动作同 时发生.
but；while(然而) Lucy likes red while Lily likes white. 露西喜欢红色而莉莉喜欢白色 3.表选择关系的连词及并列句 or 或者，否则; either…or… 要么……要么，连接 主语时，动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Either he or I am right.要么他对要么我对。
Tom and Mike can’t speak Chinese. （2）列举成分在否定词后，用or构成完全否定
I can’t sing or dance.
状语从句
时间状语从句
由从属连词 when, while, as soon as, after, before, scine, until 等引导。 重难点：1.when和while的用法区别
The teacher said (that) the earth is round. 二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子 连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时候，一定要注 意从句的语序（陈述句语序）。
What is his name? Do you know?
=Do you know what his name is? 三、宾语从句的连接词
He is so old that he can jion the army. =He is old enough to jion the army. so…that+否定句=too+形容词/副词+ to do sth so…that+否定句=not+形容词/副词+enough+ to
江苏中考英语 专题十一 简单句和并列句及并列连词
.
A.make a statement
B.ask a question
C.give an instruction D.give an exclamation
答案 B 句意:读下面的句子。“南京有很多极好的景点。你曾经去过其中的一个吗?”画线部分是问 一个问题。本题考查句子的语用功能。make a statement做出陈述;ask a question问一个问题;give an instruction给出指示;give an exclamation发出感叹。此处用一般疑问句提出问题,故选B项。 命题思路 本题设计新颖,考查了在交际中问句的作用。在不同的语境中,说话人提问是为了获取不同的 信息或达到不同的目的。考生需要领会问句的不同作用。
brary.
A.or B.but C.and D.since 答案 C 句意:我很久以来就想看《彼得·潘》了,今天我终于从图书馆借来了这本书。本题考查连词。or 或者;but但是;and并且;since自从。根据题意选C项。
2.(2019扬州,13)—Do you think David and Lisa can be good accountants?
意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构为:前肯后否或前否后肯。此句前面是肯定,系动词是is,后面要用is的否定形
式,故选B项。
14.(2015连云港,10)—What programme is so attractive?
—The guard of honor(仪仗队)of the PLA are takiquare.
答案 C 句意:——连接徐州和连云港的高铁工程多久才能完工?——大约2年后。本题考查特殊疑问句
的引导词。how long多长时间,对时间段提问;how far多远,对距离提问;how soon多久以后,对将来时间段提
英语简单句、并列句、复合句2
名师手记之：英语篇〔简单句、并列句和复合句〕1.简单句、并列句和复合句① 句子种类两种分类法按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否认)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感慨句等四种。
按照句子的构造可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。
简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。
并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。
② 并列句的分类并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。
表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。
2.状语从句：(1)状语从句的分类状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由附属连词引导，附属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。
根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比拟、方式等状语从句。
(2)连接状语从句的词语时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。
.一……就……，while, till, until, since,once。
名词词组the first time第一次，last time最后一次，every/each time每次，the next time下次，the next day第二天， the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 一……就……;副词immediately, instantly, directly等也可作连词使用。
句子成分结构以及并列句
句子成分、结构一：简单句的五种基本句型造句：1、他们俩结婚了。
2、它们看上去很漂亮。
3、我喜欢打篮球。
4、爸爸妈妈给我买了辆自行车！5、你给了我一些好建议。
6.我看见那个小男孩在河边玩耍。
7.我发现这部电影很有趣。
总结五种基本句型：二、句子成分（1）主语主语是句子所叙述的主体，主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、从句来充当。
---Mother likes cooking. 作主语---Who came here yesterday? 作主语---The young should respect the old. 作主语---To make a new law is necessary. 作主语---When we’ll have a party isn’t known. 作主语(2)谓语谓语论述主语的行为动作或状态，一般由动词担当，位于主语的后面，体现句子的时态，语态，谓语动词有人称和输的变化。
He plays tennis every day.The plane takes off at 8:00.I can speak English.Mr. Chen is my teacher.(3)表语表语与前面的连系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征，状态，身份等。
表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式等。
连系动词的种类：--Linda turned doctor like her mother after school. 作表语--The digital camera is mine. 作表语--I felt tired after the sports meeting. 作表语--The machine is out of order.作表语(4)宾语宾语表示动作、行为的对象，可放在及物动词和介词之后。
可以作宾语的主要有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句。
英语几大句型
英语几大句型
英语中常见的句型有五大类，包括简单句、并列句、复合句、主从复合句和祈使句。
具体如下：
1.简单句：最基本、最简单的句子类型，包括主语和谓语，例如“I am a student”（我是学生）。
2.并列句：由并列连词（如and、or、but等）连接两个或多个简单句构成，句子之间存在并列关系。
3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或多个从句，从句由关联词引导（如that、which、who等），例如“I believe that he is honest”（我相信他是诚实的）。
4.主从复合句：由主句和从句组成，从句作为主句的修饰语，常用于表达观点、描述事实等，例如“The book which he recommended is very interesting”（他推荐的书非常有趣）。
5.祈使句：表示请求、命令或禁止的句子，通常以动词原形开头，没有主语，例如“Open the door”（请开门）。
以上是英语中常见的五大句型，掌握这些句型对于提高英语写作和口语表达能力非常重要。
并列句英语
并列句英语由并列连词连接、含有两个或更多主谓结构的句子叫并列句。
并列句的基本句型：简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句并列连词有表示转折对比关系，因果等。
1. 并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
2. 并列句的基本句型：简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句3. 并列句的类型：1) 并列关系（联合关系）。
连接词：and, not onlybut (also), neithernor 等例句：I help him and he helps me.我帮助他，他也帮助我。
Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。
Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。
2) 转折关系。
连接词：but, yet, still, while, however, when等例句：He failed many times, but he didnrsquo;t despair.他失败多次但并没有气馁。
She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。
3) 选择关系。
连接词：or, otherwise or else, eitheror例句：We must hurry, or wersquo;ll miss the train.我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。
4) 因果关系。
连接词：for, so, thus, therefore, and so例句：We had better stay at home, for it was raining.我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。
英语句式结构
从句子结构上来说，句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语。
并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。
复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。
一、简单句五大基本句型基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一：主语+不及物动词不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g. The rain stopped .The old man walks in the park .句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。
)2.There +不及物动词+主语e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .There comes the bus .3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。
作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。
作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .句型二：主语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。
句子结构
冠词： 冠词：a, an, the a/an 修饰可数名词单数 修饰可数名词 可数名词单数 the : 修饰名词 表示 “特指”, 修饰名词,表示 特指” 名词: 名词 person, people 可数名词: 单数, 可数名词 单数 复数 不可数名词： 不可数名词： money, information furniture, equipment, 代词: 代词 人称代词: 主格: I we you he, she they 人称代词 主格 宾格: me us you him her them 宾格 物主代词: 形容词性: 物主代词 形容词性 my, our your his her their 名词性: 名词性 mine ours yours his hers theirs 反身代词: 反身代词 myself ourselves, yourself yourselves himself herself themselves 指示代词: 指示代词 This these that those such so the same
谓语动词(以 为例)： 有时态、 谓语动词 以study为例 ： 有时态、语态的变化 为例 时态： 时态： 主动语态 一般现在时： 一般现在时：study/ studies 一般时 一般过去时： 一般过去时： studied 一般将来时： 一般将来时：will/shall study… 进行时
be studying
A police car stopped in front of a big store.
主 + 谓语 (Vi ) 主+谓语
Two policemen got out of the car. Suddenly, a man rushed out of the store.
句子种类
基本句型(二) 主语+谓语(不完全的不及物动词,即 联系动词+表语)
1.This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室. 2.It is bright and clean. 它明亮又清洁. 3.My parents are both teachers. 我的父母都是教 师. 4.The story is very instructive. 这故事很有教育意 义. 5.School is over. 放学了. 6.We were all out. 我们都外出了. 7.Tom looks young. 汤姆显得年轻.
(1）I help her and she helps me.我帮她,她 帮我. (2) He is very old but he is in god health.他 年纪很大了,但他身体很好. (3)we must hurry, or we’ll be late.我们得快 走了, 不然就晚了. (4) I am tried, so I have to go to bed.
6.I found him honest.我发现他为人诚实. 7. We all thought her so nice and sincere. 我们觉得她和善诚恳. 8. The workers are paining the wall white. 工人们正在把墙刷白. 9. She has got supper ready. 她已经把晚餐准备好了
基本句型(四) 主语+谓语(及物动词,接上宾语意义 还不完全)+宾语+宾语补足语
1.We call him Tom. 我们叫他汤姆. 2.The news made me happy.这消息使得我高兴. 3. We elected Li Ming monitor.我选举李明为班长. 4. We always keep our classroom clean.我们经常 保持教室的清洁. 5. His father named him Peter.他的父亲给他取名 为彼得.
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种根本句型一、句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
①简单句的根本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成，其它各种句子形式都是由此句型开展而来。
②并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子。
并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。
③复合句是由主句＋从句构成。
由附属连词连接，如because, if, when, while, until, after, before, as soon as等。
分为名词性从句，形容词性从句〔即定语从句〕，副词性从句〔即状语从句〕三大类。
其中最著名的是宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。
二、简单句的五个根本句式：①主谓②主谓宾③主谓双宾④主谓宾补⑤主系表主语: 句子说明的人或事物。
谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
表语:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
宾语：1. 动作的承受者——动宾。
2. 介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾。
补语：宾补，对宾语的补充。
主补，对主语的补充。
判断以下句子是那种构造：1. He is swimming.2. It made him angry.3. The little boy is asking the teacher questions.4. Sheis young.5. Mymom bought me a beautiful gift.6. He kepthis eyes closed.7. He told us an exciting story.8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you push the window open？11. He seemed tired.3.主谓双双宾宾补双宾宾补宾补宾补11.主系表再加上定语和状语，那么构成了更加复杂的简单句。
简单句、并列句、连词
2、陈述句的否定形式
(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或 连系动词be.
He is not playing the guitar. We can’t get thee before dark. (2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词. He doesn’t play the violin well. She didn’t win the game. (3) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。 There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have never seen the film.
常用的特殊疑问词和句型
询问内容
职业，身份
疑问词或句型 What do/dose…do
询问内容
几号，日期
疑问词或句型
what is the date…?
姓名或关系 Who/what’s …name 相貌特征 目的 原因
天气 颜色 服装尺寸 几点钟 星期几
年龄（多大）
持续多长时间 （多久） 长度（多长）
(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。
(3)表转折和对比关系的but, however, yet, while等。
(4)表因果关系的for, so等。
并列句
1. 并列关系
简单句和并列句
\
___
10.Finding out information about the city before you go and can make the trip \ more interesting.
11.He sounded very anxiously. anxious
三、同位语：
同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位
置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子
成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。
We students should study hard.
(students 是 we 的 同 位 语 ， 都 是 指 同 一 批 ‘ 学
生’）
We all are students.
考点精析 1．简单句的基本句型和there be 结构 2．熟记下列并列连词的意义和用法。
(1)联合类：and，both...and，as well as， neither...nor，not only...but also... (2)选择类：or，or else，otherwise，either...or...
(If you climb to the top of the mountain， you'll get a good view of the city.) 快点，否则你就迟到了。
Hurry up，or you'll be late.
(If you don't hurry up，you'll be late.)
1.The other group of children could eat anything which they liked.
___
that
英语基本句型构架
精心整理基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
一、简单句基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：1.主语+谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Thingschange.事物是变化的。
Nobodywent.没有人去。
--Didyougobysea？你们走的是海路吗？--NO，weflew.不，我们是飞去。
2.主语+连系动词+表语这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例：Mr.Turnerisanartist.特纳先生是位画家。
Themilkturnedsour.牛奶变酸了。
Shebecamealawyer.她当了律师。
3.主语+谓语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：Weneverbeatchildren.我们从来不打孩子。
Mysisterwillfixeverything.我姐姐会料理一切。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：Hegavethebooktohissister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
I'llwriteyoualongletter.我将写给你一封长信。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：Ifoundthebookeasy.我发现这本书不难。
（形容词easy作补语）I'lllethimgo.我将让他去。
（不定式go用作补语）注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：ChinaandothercountriesintheeastAsiaaredevelopingrapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。
复合句
（2）关系副词引导的定语从句先行词是指时间、地点或理由的名词，引导词可用关系副词并在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why 是关系副词，它们的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
2）怎样判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面跟宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词后不跟宾语，则要求用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
难点突破： 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held？A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例1变为肯定句：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为表语（也是先行词），而where, that, on which都不能起到先行词的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，而关系代词在宾语从句中作宾语，我们就可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
中考英语简单句并列句复合句考点讲解及练习
简单句、并列句和复合句考点一简单句1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构.2.五种简单句:1)主+谓. He comes at last.2)主+系+表. She is a teacher.The soup tastes nice.3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village.4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen.5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful.考点二并列句并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句,用连词连接起来;常用的连接词有：1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also不仅….而且….等;She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______ helped us to overcome difficulties.Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _____ at last she succeeded.2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or还是,否则Do you want to leave now ____ would you rather set off laterWear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold.3.表示转折关系的有but, yet等;He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力;4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等;My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼,因此我去看医生;考点三主从复合句：宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词1引导陈述句用 that在口语和非正式文体中常常省略He tells me that he is going shopping this Sunday.2 引导一般疑问句用if或whether.She asked me if\ whether she could join us. whether…or not3 引导特殊疑问句,要用原来的特殊疑问词;She asked them what they were doing.2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序;I want to know when the train left.3. 宾语从句的时态1主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句,宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态;He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.(2)主句是过去时态,宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态;They said that they had already finished the work.(3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等,不管主句用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时;He said that light travels faster than sound.3. 练习1She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow”改为含宾语从句的复合句She asked me______ I ______ go to the cinema the next day.2 How lovely the dog is Can you tell me _____A. where did you get itB. where will you get itC. where you got it3 --- Can you tell me _____ your parents at home--- I often wash clothes and sweep the floor.A.how will you helpB. how you helpC. how will you helpD. howdo you help4 When I was young, my grandfather told me that the sun ______ rise in the east.考点四状语从句一、状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等;1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where 引导;Put all the things _____they were.A. whereB. whenC. whoseD. which2.时间状语从句主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时时间状语从句的引导词有when, before, after, until, as soon as, since, while, as 等She was cooking when someone knock at the door.What will you do after you finished your homework3.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中,常用的引导词有if, unless等;If it dosen’t rain, I” ll go fishing.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有because, as, since既然等He didn’t come because he was ill.Since we are students, we should study hard.Because 和so 不能在一个句子中同时使用;5. 结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由so…that…, such…that…引导;It’s so hot that we want to go swimming.That’s such an interesting story that everybody likes it.So… that…与简单句之间的句型转换1）that后的句子是否定句,常用too…to进行转换;He is so young that he can’t go to school. he is too young to go to school.2)that后的句子是肯定句;常用enough to 进行转换;The shirt was so cheap that he bought it. the shirt was cheap enough for him to buy.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词有so that, in order that 等 in order to 简单句Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.He works harder in order that he can go to a good college.7. 让步状语从句引导词有though, although, even if, even though尽管等;He often helps others though\ although he is not rich.They will stand by you even if you don’t succeed.Though, although与but 不能同时出现在一个句子中8.比较状语从句比较状语从句由than, as…as…, not as\so… as等引导;比较级He is more outgoing than I.He ran as fast as Mike.二、练习1. It’s quite common in Britain to say “thank you”to the drivers _____ people get off the bus.a. afterb. sincec. untild. when2. The art club is for members only. You can’t go in ____you are a member.a. unlessb. becausec. ifd. though3. Now many parents send their children to foreign countries, _____ they want them to get a better education.a. untilb. thoughc. because4. ---- What would some students like to do after finishing their education---- They would like to start to work_______ they needn’t depend on their parents completely.a. as soon asb. so thatc. befored. while考点五定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句;被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系代词和关系副词;1.关系代词的基本用法The man __________spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 指人作主语The building ___________is being built will be used as a hospital.指物作主语I visited a scientist _______ name is known all over the world. 指人作定语2. 关系代词特殊用法1当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致;He is one of the boys who ______ like playing football.He is the only one of the boys who________ like playing football.2 通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用that而不能用which.1 先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing, little, none, the one 等不定代词时2先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;3当先行词被the only, the very, the just等修饰时;4先行词中既有人又有物时;3. 关系副词的基本用法;1 when 在句中作状语,表示时间;2 where 在句中作状语,表示地点;.3 why 在句中作状语,表示原因;He remembers the day _______ he joined the League.This is the reason_______ he is late today.This is the place _______ Lu Xun was born.1. 2011泰安--- _______do you read English newspapers---I read China Daily every day.A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far2.2011抚州John had a short walk after lunch, _______A. did heB. didn't heC. had heD. hadn't he3.2011宁波--- _______do you have an Art Festival in your school---Once a year.A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How soon4.2011安徽省If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _______I.A. doB. amC. willD. should5.2011长沙 _______tall the girl isA. HowB. HowaC. WhatD. What a6.2011长沙 _______ call me Mimi It's my cat's name.A. NotB. Didn'tC. Doesn'tD. Don't7.2011长沙They went to the park yesterday,_______A. don't theyB. didn't theyC. aren't theyD. can't they8.2011福州---Li Mei usually helps others, _______---Yes, she is kind-hearted.A. does sheB. is sheC. doesn't she9.2011眉山There _______an English party in our school tomorrow evening.A. haveB. will haveC. is going to haveD. will be10. 2011济南--- _______a year does your school have sports meetings---Twice a year.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. How many times11. 2011泰州---I have changed my job.---_______.A. So do IB. So have IC. So I doD. So I have12. 2011济南Mike learns a lot about Internet. And _______.A. I don't, eitherB. so do IC. so am I am, too13. 2011眉山Jim never goes to the movies on Saturday, _______A. does JimB. doesn't JimC. doesn't heD. does he14. 2011玉州You've just finished your listening exam Please getyourself ready for the next part, _______A. shall weB. will youC. do youD. are you15. 2011眉山--- _______the weather like last Monday---It was sunny.A. How wasB. What'sC. What wasD. How is16. 2011潍坊_______great scientist Qian Xuesen isA. HowB. HowaC. WhatD. What a17. 2011眉山--- _______do you visit your grandparents---Once a month.A. How soonB. How longC. How muchD. How often18. 2011内江--- _______ do you speak English so well---Because I practice it with my partner every day.A. WhyB. WhenC. Who19. 2011泉州---We'll go to Qing Yuan Mountain tomorrow. Why _______join us---That's a good idea.A. notB. don'tC. can'tD. didn't20. 2011泉州There is little milk in the glass, _______A. is thereB. isn't thereC. isn't itD. does it21. 2011肇庆The students in Class Two played basketball against ClassOne yesterday,_____A. did theyB. didn't theyC. weren't they22. 2011宁波---What a new computer Can you tell me_______---Just the day before yesterday.A. how much you paid for itB. how much did you pay for itC. when you bought itD. when did you buy it23. 2011泰安---Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.---Yes. But if it _______, we'll play chess instead.A. will rainB. rainedC. is rainingD. rains24. 2011烟台---Do you know this dictionary belongs to---Let me see. Oh, it's_______.A. who does; mineB. who; meC. whose; mineD. who; mine25. 2011杭州Franklin told them all _______to be in Britain again.A. he was how happyB. how happy he wasC. how was he happyD. he was happy how26. 2011湖州---What kind of movies do you like---I like the movies_______ are about Chinese history.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. that27. 2011丽水---Do you know _______---Sorry, I don't have a watch.A. whose watch this isB. whose watch is thisC. what time it isD. what time is it28. 2011重庆The woman asked the policeman where _______.A. the post office isB. the post office wasC. is the post officeD. was the post office29. 2011泰安---Can you guess_______ the new schoolbag yesterday.----Sorry, I've no idea.A. how much did he pay forB. how much he spentC how much he paid for D. how much did he spend30. 2011杭州Who is the man_______ is reading a book over thereA. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what31. 2011湖州---Do you know_______---Next Sunday.A. what they will doB. where they will doC. when they will come hereD. who they will meet32. 2011长沙---Can you tell me why_______---Because I want to help the people there.A. do you go to Tibet西藏B. did you go to TibetC are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet33. 2011浙江省---Linda, could you tell me _______---He is an actor.A. what he doesB. what does he doC where he works D. where does he work34. 2011福州---Could you tell me _______---Sure. The day after tomorrow.A. when will you leave for the U.S.A.B. when Mr. Lee will comeC when your father returned35. 2011济南He asked me_______.A. who did kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the A. PEC meeting heldC when China became a member of the WTOD. where will the 2008 Olympics be held36. 2011玉州Jane is one of the students in the class _______ have everbeen to China.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom37. 2011济宁Can you tell me _______after this examA. what you didB. what did you doC. what will you doD. what you will do38. 2011苏州---Can you tell me how many colours _______ in a rainbow---SevenA. there areB. are thereC. they areD. are they39. 2011潍坊I can't understand _______Apple's iPad 2.A. why are they so mad aboutB. why they are so mad aboutC. how are they so mad aboutD. how they are so mad a。
句子基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句
句子基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
一、简单句基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：1.主+谓这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。
Nobody went.没有人去。
--Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？--NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。
2.主+联系动词+表这种句型称为主系表结构，其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
3.主+谓+宾这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
4.主+谓+宾+宾这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
5.主+谓+宾+宾补这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。
（形容词easy作补语）I'll let him go.我将让他去。
（不定式go用作补语）注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。
（China and other countries并列主语）Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。
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6．Mary went to bed early, ________ she felt very tired. for when she cut her finger. 7．Mother was making a dress ________ 8．She thought I was talking about her daughter, ________ ， while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. yet/but she knows little about 9 ． She is American, ________ American history. 10．________does he do his work well, ________ he helps others with their work.
Not only…but also…
二、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。 1．We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 简单句 ____________ 2．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 复合句 ____________ 3．There is a chair in this room. ____________ 简单句 4．My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 简单句 ____________ 5．He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 并列句 ____________
3)复合句： 含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。 复合句包含： 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、 定语从句和状语从pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
二、简单句的五种基本句型 1．主语＋系动词＋表语 Mr.Smith is a doctor. 2．主语＋不及物动词 Things change. 3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语 The children like swimming. 4．主语＋及物动词＋双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语) My father bought me a car.
四、简单句、并列句考点评析 1．简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。在阅读中有时需 借助于划分句子成分去理解句子意义；在书面表达中，没有最 基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清 楚的。 2．高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在 对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while 以及其他连接 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
3)祈使句。 Be careful, boys. Don't talk in class. 4)感叹句。 How clever the boy is! What an interesting book it is!
2．按句子的结构可分三种 1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列 谓语)。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or 等)或分号(；)，把两 个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous ( 曲折的)．
How long have they lived here?
3．There will be a sports meeting at the end of this month, won't there ________________ ？(完成反意疑问)
4．You must be careful with your pronunciation.(改为祈使 句)
5．主语＋及物动词＋复合宾语(宾语＋宾补) Tom made the baby laugh. I found the book easy. 注意：其他各种句子都由这五种基本句型扩展、变化或省 略而构成。
三、并列句的分类 1． 表示连接两个同等概念， 常用 and, not only…but also…， neither…nor…， then 等连接。 The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2．表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either…or…， otherwise 等。 Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
四、阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。 Among various programs, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television.1.________ anyone who And watches them regularly knows that each one is different in But no two shows are more opposite in content, style.2.________ than while at the same time standing out above the rest, 3.________ the Jerry Springer and Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish as talk”．The topics on his show are as surprising 4.________ can be.For example, the show takes the evercommon talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level.Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, 5.________ yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.
3．表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4．表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for, therefore 等。 August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. It rained; therefore the game was called off.
一、句子种类 1．按句子的用途可分四种 1)陈述句(肯定、否定)。 He is six years old. She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)。 Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?
How brightly the moon is shining!
10．Our_English_teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.(对画线部分提问)
Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
Be careful with your pronunciation.
5． They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.( 改为 一般疑问句)
Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?
一、用适当的连词填空。 1． Give me one more minute ________ I'll be able to finish it. and How joyful he was to meet his brother again! 2．________ 3．I'm sorry to have to say this, ________ you forgot to turn but off the lights when you left the room last night. 4．There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing, ________ while others enjoy swimming. or 5．Do you feel like going out ________ would you rather have dinner at home?