世界粮食计划署
2024年世界粮食计划总署
在2024年，世界粮食计划署（WFP）将继续致力于消除全球饥饿，为受冲突、自然灾害和长期发展挑战影响的人们提供紧急粮食援助和长期发展解决方案。
以下是一份关于2024年世界粮食计划署的概述：一、全球粮食安全状况2024年，全球粮食安全状况仍然严峻，气候变化、自然灾害、经济不稳定和新冠疫情的长期影响等因素交织，导致数百万人的生活受到威胁。
WFP将重点支持那些面临严重粮食不安全的国家，通过提供营养食品和实施生计恢复项目来减轻饥饿和贫困。
二、紧急援助行动WFP将继续对突发性灾难做出迅速反应，如提供紧急粮食援助、营养补充剂和现金转移，以满足受灾人群的基本需求。
同时，WFP将加强备灾工作，提高社区抵御自然灾害的能力，减少对紧急援助的依赖。
三、长期发展项目WFP将通过教育、营养和生计改善项目，帮助脆弱社区实现长期发展。
例如，通过学校供餐计划，WFP将确保儿童能够获得营养餐，从而促进他们的学习和成长。
此外，WFP还将支持小农提高农业生产力和市场准入，以增强他们的自给自足能力。
四、创新与技术应用WFP将继续投资于创新和技术，以提高效率和扩大影响。
例如，利用卫星图像监测作物生长和干旱情况，以及使用区块链技术提高供应链的透明度和可追溯性。
五、合作伙伴关系WFP将与政府、非政府组织、私营部门和学术机构建立强有力的伙伴关系，共同应对全球粮食安全挑战。
通过合作，WFP将能够更好地协调资源，扩大服务范围，并确保援助的有效性和可持续性。
六、资源动员WFP将积极寻求财政和实物支持，以确保能够满足不断增长的援助需求。
这包括与捐助国、私营企业和个人慈善家建立长期合作伙伴关系，以及通过提高运营效率来最大化利用资源。
七、政策和倡导WFP将继续倡导制定和实施有利于粮食安全和营养的政策。
这包括推动可持续农业实践、改善粮食系统和营养状况，以及增强对气候变化的适应能力。
八、监测与评估WFP将加强监测和评估工作，以确保援助项目的有效性和透明度。
通过定期的影响评估，WFP将能够及时调整策略，优化资源分配，并确保援助真正到达最需要帮助的人群。
联合国世界粮食计划署
联合国世界粮食计划署
WFP的工作重点包括提供紧急食品援助、改善营养状况、支持
社区复原和发展、以及应对气候变化等挑战。
WFP致力于通过创新
的方法和合作伙伴关系，寻求解决全球饥饿问题的长期解决方案。
WFP在紧急情况下提供食品援助，帮助受到冲突、自然灾害和
其他危机影响的人们获得基本生存所需。
WFP的紧急食品援助项目
旨在迅速响应危机，满足受灾人员的基本营养需求，确保他们能够
生存下去。
同时，WFP还通过食品援助项目支持受灾社区的复原和
重建工作，帮助他们重新建立生计，恢复正常生活。
WFP致力于改善全球营养状况，特别是儿童和孕妇的营养健康。
WFP通过营养改善项目，向儿童和孕妇提供营养补充剂和营养教育，帮助他们摆脱营养不良的困扰，健康成长。
此外，WFP还在学校和
社区开展营养改善项目，提供健康饮食指导，促进健康的饮食习惯
和生活方式。
WFP支持社区实现粮食安全和营养改善，通过发展项目和合作
伙伴关系，帮助社区提高粮食生产能力，改善农业和渔业生产方式，提高收入和就业机会，从而实现粮食安全和减少贫困。
WFP还致力于应对气候变化等挑战，通过开展可持续发展项目，帮助社区适应气候变化的影响，保护自然资源，提高抗灾能力，实
现可持续发展。
总之，联合国世界粮食计划署以其多方面的工作和使命，为全
球范围内的饥饿问题提供了重要的解决方案。
通过紧急食品援助、
营养改善、社区发展和气候变化应对等项目，WFP致力于消除饥饿，帮助人们重建生活，实现粮食安全和营养改善。
希望WFP的工作能
够得到更多的支持和关注，为全球范围内的饥饿问题找到更多的解
决方案。
联合国世界粮食计划署
联合国：联合国（英语：United Nations(UN)；法语：Organisation des Nations Unies；西班牙语：Organización de las Naciones Unidas、Naciones Unidas；俄语：Организация Объединённых Наций；是在第二次世界大战后成立的一个由主权国家组成的政府间国际组织。
1945年10月24日，在美国旧金山签订的《联合国宪章》生效，联合国正式成立。
世界粮食计划署：世界粮食计划署由联合国和联合国粮农组合办，是联合国内负责多边粮食援助的机构，于1961年第16届联大和第11届粮农组织大会决定成立，原定于1963年开始运作，但因1962年多地遭遇粮食危机，提前投入运作，总部设在意大利罗马，出版有《世界粮食计划署新闻》与《世界粮食计划署年度报告》。
该组织的宗旨是以粮食为手段帮助受援国在粮农方面达到生产自救和粮食自给的目的，援助方式分紧急救济、快速开发项目和正常开发项目3种，其活动资源主要来自各国政府自愿捐献的物资、现金和劳务。
目前主要认捐者有中国、美国、欧盟、加拿大、荷兰、日本、德国、瑞典、英国、丹麦和澳大利亚。
历史沿革：成立背景南北战争之后，随着耕地的大规模扩张和农业科技革命的兴起，粮食剩余开始在美国出现并日趋严重。
朝鲜战争结束之后，美国失去了处理余粮的一大渠道，美国农产品开始了不可避免的堆积并在20世纪60年代初达到了骇人的规模。
马歇尔计划的成功向美国展示了对外粮食援助的重要性和可行性。
为了消化国内的粮食库存，美国国内的领导者以及人道主义积极分子们形成了一个强大的粮食对外援助联盟。
1954年，美国通过了对外援助的核心法令《农产品贸易开发与援助法》（又称《480公法》），开始大规模地进行对外粮食援助。
然而《480公法》远不足以处理美国的剩余粮食，以休伯特·汉弗莱和麦戈文为代表的众多议员积极修正发案，提出建立一个多年的综合粮援项目，向参议院提交了《国际以粮食换和平法》的议案。
中华人民共和国政府与联合国和联合国粮农组织合办的世界粮食计划署关于世界粮食计划署提供援助的基本协定
中华人民共和国政府与联合国和联合国粮农组织合办的世界粮食计划署关于世界粮食计划署提供援助的基本协定文章属性•【缔约国】联合国,联合国粮食及农业组织•【条约领域】工业农业•【公布日期】1980.10.04•【条约类别】协定•【签订地点】北京正文中华人民共和国政府与联合国和联合国粮农组织合办的世界粮食计划署关于世界粮食计划署提供援助的基本协定（签订日期１９８０年１０月４日生效日期１９８０年１０月４日）鉴于中华人民共和国政府（以下简称“中国政府”）希望利用联合国和联合国粮农组织合办的世界粮食计划署（以下简称“世界粮食计划署”）的援助；鉴于世界粮食计划署同意应中国政府的具体要求提供此种援助；为此，中国政府和世界粮食计划署谨签订本《协定》，规定按照世界粮食计划署《总规则》由世界粮食计划署可以提供的并为中国政府可以利用的此种援助的条件，条文如下：第一条申请援助和同意援助一、中国政府为支持经济和社会发展项目，或为解决由于自然灾害或其他紧急情况而造成的紧急粮食需要，可向世界粮食计划署申请粮食援助。
二、申请任何援助一般均应由中国政府按照世界粮食计划署指定的格式，通过世界粮食计划署驻中华人民共和国的代表或中国驻粮农组织代表提出。
三、中国政府应向世界粮食计划署提供为评估该项申请所需的一切便利条件和有关资料。
四、在决定由世界粮食计划署对某一发展项目提供援助后，应由中国政府和世界粮食计划署商定一项《执行计划》。
如果是紧急救济行动，双方应通过换文取得谅解，不必签订正式文件。
五、每项《执行计划》均应写明执行项目的各种条件，并具体规定中国政府和世界粮食计划署在执行该项目过程中各自应负的责任。
本《基本协定》的各项条款将管辖据此而签订的任何《执行计划》。
第二条执行发展项目和紧急救济行动一、执行发展项目和紧急救济行动的主要责任应由中国政府承担，它应为执行发展项目或紧急行动提供所需的一切人员、用房、物资、设备、服务和交通运输并支付全部费用。
国际组织的农业与粮食安全
国际组织的农业与粮食安全农业与粮食安全一直以来都是全球关注的重要议题。
为了保障世界各国的粮食供应和粮农业的可持续发展，国际组织扮演着举足轻重的角色。
本文将从国际组织的角度探讨农业与粮食安全的问题，并介绍一些重要的国际组织及其在该领域的贡献。
一、国际组织在农业发展中的作用国际组织在农业发展中起到了至关重要的作用。
首先，国际组织通过提供技术支持和知识分享，帮助发展中国家提高农业生产力。
例如，联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）会定期发布关于农业最佳实践和技术的指导手册，协助农民改善种植方式和提高作物产量。
其次，国际组织可以提供相关政策建议，促进各国农业政策的制定和调整。
国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行等组织通过贷款和资金支持，帮助各国改善农业基础设施和农村经济环境。
最后，国际组织还在粮食安全的保障上发挥了重要作用。
联合国世界粮食计划署（WFP）通过在饥饿地区提供粮食援助和营养支持，帮助解决粮食短缺问题。
二、国际粮食及农业组织（FAO）联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）是全球最主要的农业与粮食安全机构之一。
FAO的使命是帮助所有国家实现粮食安全、减少饥饿、改善农业和农村发展。
FAO与其会员国合作，提供各种方式的支持，包括政策建议、技术转让和经验分享。
此外，FAO还组织全球性的农业和粮食合作项目，如“全球农业互助计划”，促进各国的农业发展和合作。
三、国际货币基金组织（IMF）与世界银行（World Bank）国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行是国际金融体系中的两大重要机构。
尽管它们的主要职责是维护全球金融稳定和促进经济增长，但它们也在农业与粮食安全方面发挥了重要作用。
IMF和世界银行通过提供贷款和资金支持，帮助各国改善农业基础设施和农村经济环境。
在一些贫困地区，它们还为农民提供无息贷款和技术援助，使他们能够更有效地种植作物和养殖畜禽。
IMF和世界银行还在政策领域提供咨询和支持，协助各国改革农业政策，以促进可持续的农业发展。
世界粮食计划署消除世界饥饿的文章
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世界粮食计划署在人道主义无人机使用方面加强全球合作
国家援助上限从 １０ 万欧元增加到 ２２
５ 万欧元.
意大利农业联合会主席普兰迪尼表示: “在新冠
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世界粮食计划署援助孟加拉经验启示
世界粮食计划署援助孟加拉经验启示作者：王蕊来源：《经济》2012年第08期世界粮食计划署（WFP）由联合国和联合国粮农组织合办，是联合国内负责多边粮食援助的机构，其宗旨是以粮食为手段帮助受援国在粮农方面达到生产自救和粮食自给。
自1961年成立以来，WFP积极为发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家提供粮食、现金以及紧急援助，为最不发达国家减贫目标的实现发挥了积极作用，其灵活、快速、有效的援助工作受到了受援地政府和民众的好评，其经验对我国外援工作有借鉴作用。
WFP援助概况明确的战略规划是开展援助工作的重要指南。
WFP根据自身优势及当地需求，通过发布国家项目书，确定中期发展战略，明确未来5-10年最主要的目标，即帮助当地降低饥饿和营养不良人口的比例。
在WFP的孟加拉国发展援助框架中，包含四个重要支柱：一是促进穷人的收入增长与国家经济发展同步，帮助孟加拉国政府提高设计和执行社会安全网项目的能力；二是确保粮食安全与营养，改善孟加拉国妇女和儿童的营养不良状况；三是应对气候变化、环境问题及减灾，提高脆弱人群的抗灾能力，并在发生灾害时向受灾人群提供有效的粮食援助；四是促进城市贫困人口的发展，通过学校营养餐项目，提高城市贫困儿童的入学率和出勤率，并对城市地区脆弱妇女及2岁以下儿童提供营养帮助。
通过制定明确的援助发展战略，WFP 能够更加有效地配置资源，有利于其援助目标的实现。
援助项目的实施离不开当地政府的紧密配合，而政府的执行能力对援助工作的顺利实施具有较大影响。
WFP在孟加拉国的援助过程中，非常注重加强与政府的合作，通过共同开展项目，帮助孟加拉国政府提高项目设计、实施和管理能力，为其今后独立开展减贫、营养、应对气候变化以及防灾减灾等项目奠定基础。
例如，在学校营养餐项目中，WFP在孟加拉国政府的初等和公共教育部成立专门的办公室，与政府部门共同计划并一步步推进项目，在目标瞄准体系、项目设计和管理、监督和评价、项目报告制度、信息管理、非政府组织管理等方面加强孟加拉国政府的能力建设。
联合国世界粮食计划署
联合国世界粮食计划署United Nations World Food Programme委员会介绍世界粮食计划署(United Nations World Food Programme, WFP)，简称粮食计划署，由联合国和联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)合办，是联合国内负责多边粮食援助的机构。
1961年第16届联大和第11届粮农组织大会决定成立，起先是作为1项3年期实验方案，原定于1963年开始运作，但因1962年9月伊朗发生地震、10月泰国遭受飓风、刚刚独立的阿尔及利亚面临500万难民重新安置问题，各地均亟需粮食，世界粮食计划署便提前投入运作。
自成立以来，总部设在罗马的联合国世界粮食计划署已经投入了300多亿美元用于解决饥饿、推动经济和社会发展，并为全世界的突发事件提供紧急援助方案。
世界粮食计划署的宗旨是以粮食为手段帮助受援国在粮农方面达到生产自救和粮食自给的目的。
援助方式分紧急救济、快速开发项目和正常开发项目３种。
其活动资源主要来自各国政府自愿捐献的物资、现金和劳务。
目前主要认捐者有美国、欧盟、加拿大、荷兰、日本、德国、瑞典、英国、丹麦和澳大利亚。
目前在世界范围内，世界粮食计划署是在粮食严重短缺的欠发达国家里开展抗击饥饿工作的最大的国际粮食援助机构。
其也是联合国粮食与农业的三大机构之一，是联合国为发展中国家的扶贫和农业开发事业提供粮食援助的一个专门机构。
作为联合国的粮食援助部门，其行动在更好地体现联合国的宗旨和精神，扩大联合国的影响力以及为饥饿与贫困问题的解决起到了积极的作用，为世界和平与发展做出了贡献。
议题：贫弱人口的粮食供应议题背景:2009年6月19日，联合国世界粮食计划署，联合国粮农组织和联合国农发基金联合公布了一项新的预测，称世界饥饿人口在2009年达到历史最高，有10.2亿人每天生活在饥饿之中。
联合国世界粮食计划署
联合国世界粮食计划署WFP的使命是通过提供食品援助和支持农业发展来帮助那些面临饥饿和营养不良的人们。
该组织在全球范围内开展工作，为受困于冲突、自然灾害和贫困等问题的人们提供粮食援助。
此外，WFP 还致力于帮助农民提高生产能力，增加粮食供应，改善粮食安全状况。
WFP在应对紧急情况方面也发挥着重要作用。
面对自然灾害、冲突和其他紧急情况，WFP能够迅速响应，为受灾群众提供紧急粮食援助和营养支持。
该组织还通过食品援助项目来支持受灾地区的经济恢复和社会重建。
除了应对紧急情况，WFP还在发展中国家支持农业发展。
该组织通过技术培训、提供种子和农业工具等方式，帮助农民提高生产能力，增加农产品产量。
此外，WFP还支持建立农业基础设施，改善农产品储存和运输条件，促进农产品的流通和销售。
WFP的工作不仅仅是提供食品援助，更重要的是帮助受援国家建立起可持续的粮食安全机制。
通过支持农业发展和提高农民生产能力，WFP为受援国家提供了摆脱贫困和饥饿的机会。
同时，WFP还与其他国际组织和非政府组织合作，共同努力实现零饥饿的目标。
在未来，WFP将继续致力于解决全球饥饿问题，为受困于饥饿和营养不良的人们提供帮助。
该组织将继续与各国政府、国际组织和非政府组织合作，共同努力实现零饥饿的目标。
同时，WFP也呼吁全球社会加大对饥饿问题的关注和支持，共同为实现粮食安全和营养健康而努力。
总之，联合国世界粮食计划署在全球范围内发挥着重要作用，为解决饥饿问题做出了巨大的贡献。
该组织不仅提供食品援助，还支持农业发展和应对紧急情况，为受困于饥饿和营养不良的人们带来希望。
我们应该共同努力，支持WFP的工作，为实现全球粮食安全和营养健康贡献自己的力量。
世界各大组织的英文缩写
世界各大组织的英文缩写UN ( the United Nations) 联合国FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (联合国)粮食及农业组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织UNCF (United Nations Children's Fund,其前身是United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) 联合国儿童基金会UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)联合国工业发展组织UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)联合国开发计划署UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)联合国环境署UNCDF(United Nations Capital Development Fund)联合国资本开发基金会UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)世界知识产权组织WPC (World Peace Council) 世界和平理事会ILO (International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会UPU (Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟IFC(International Finance Corporation) 国际金融公司IMO (International Maritime Organization) 国际海事组织ISO (International Standard Organization) 国际标准化组织ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) 国际民用航空组织IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) 国际农业发展基金会IOJ (International Organization of Journalists) 国际新闻工作者协会ICC(International Chamber of Commerce)国际商会UEA(Universal Esperanto Association)国际世界语协会INTELSAT (International telecommunications Satellitic)国际通信卫星机构IRTO (International Radio and Television Organization)国际广播电视组织IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 国际原子能机构NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)石油输出国组织ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB African Development Bank 非洲开发银行APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟公约AU African Union 非洲联盟BFA Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛BIE Bureau of International Expositions 国际展览局BIS Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission 食品法典委员会CDB Caribbean Development Bank 加勒比开发银行CFC Common Fund for Commodities 商品共同基金CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 欧洲复兴发展银行ECLAC UN Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean 联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council 联合国经济和社会理事会ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会ESCWA UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia 联合国西亚经济社会委员会EU European Union 欧洲联盟G 8 Summit Summit Group of Eight Summit八国集团首脑会议G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团G24 Group of Twenty Four 24国集团IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际复兴开发银行/世界银行ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 国际投资争端解决中心IDA International Development Association 国际开发协会IDB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行IDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行IEA International Energy Agency 国际能源机构IEC International Electro Technical Commission 国际电工委员会IFA International Franchise Association 国际特许经营加盟协会IFAC International Federation of Accountants 国际会计师联合会IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development 国际农业发展基金IFC International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司IGC International Grains Council 国际谷物理事会ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织IMC International Maritime Committee 国际海事委员会IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织INBAR International Network for Bamboo and Rattan 国际竹藤组织INRO International Natural Rubber Organization 国际天然橡胶组织IOE Office International Des Epizooties 国际兽疫组织IOOC International Olive Oil Council国际橄榄油理事会ISDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行ISF International Shipping Federation 国际海运联合会ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISO International Sugar Organization 国际糖组织ITC International Trade Centre 国际贸易中心ITCB International Textiles and Clothing Bureau 国际纺织品与服装局ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 多边投资担保机构OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries 阿拉伯石油输出国组织OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织OIE Office International Des Epizooties 世界动物卫生组织OIML International Organization for Legal Metrology 国际法定度量衡组织OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织PBEC Pacific Basin Economic Council 太平洋盆地经济理事会PECC Pacific Economic Cooperation Council 太平洋经济合作理事会PIF Pacific Islands Forum 太平洋岛国论坛UN ( United Nations) 联合国UN General Assembly 联合国大会简称联大UNSC（Security Council）联合国安全理事会FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (联合国)粮食及农业组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织UNCF (United Nations Children's Fund,其前身是United Nations International Children'sEmergency Fund《UNICEF》) 联合国儿童基金会UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)联合国工业发展组织UNDP(United Nations Development Programme)联合国开发计划署UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)联合国环境署UNCDF(United Nations Capital Development Fund)联合国资本开发基金会UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)世界知识产权组织WPC (World Peace Council) 世界和平理事会ILO (International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会IPC (International Paralympic Committee) 国际残疾人奥林匹克委员会UPU (Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟IFC(International Finance Corporation) 国际金融公司IMO (International Maritime Organization) 国际海事组织ISO (International Standard Organization) 国际标准化组织ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) 国际民用航空组织IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) 国际农业发展基金会IOJ (International Organization of Journalists) 国际新闻工作者协会ICC(International Chamber of Commerce)国际商会UEA(Universal Esperanto Association)国际世界语协会INTELSAT (International telecommunications Satellitic)国际通信卫星机构IRTO (International Radio and Television Organization)国际广播电视组织IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 国际原子能机构NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作与发展组织CMEA(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)经济互助委员会(经互会)APEC (Asia and Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚洲太平洋经济合作组织ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟OAU (Organization of African Unity) 非洲统一组织OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference) 伊斯兰会议组织CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) 独立国家联合体EU (European Union) 欧洲联盟IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union) 各国议会联盟OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)欧洲安全与合作组织EEC (European Economic Communities) 欧洲经济共同体OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation)欧洲经济合作组织NAM (the Non-Aligned Movement) 不结盟运动ANC (African National Congress) 非洲人民大会PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)巴勒斯坦解放组织ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) 红十字国际委员会NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）美国航天太空总署NMD(National Missile Defense)国家导弹防御系统WB （World Bank ）世界银行ADB （Asian Development Bank）亚洲开发银行EAC (East African Community) 东非共同体SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization 上海合作组织SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center 东南亚渔业开发中心SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial elecommunication 环球银行间金融电讯协会UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 联合国国际贸易法委员会UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议UNDP United Nations Development Programme 联合国开发计划署UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa 联合国非洲经济委员会UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe 联合国欧洲经济委员会UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业发展组织UNIDROIT International Institute for the Unification of Private Law 国际统一私法协会WAIPA World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies 世界投资促进机构协会WASME Association for Small and Medium Enterprises 世界中小企业协会WB World Bank 世界银行WCO World Customs Organization 世界海关组织WEC World Energy Council 世界能源理事会WFC World Food Council 世界粮食理事会WFDSA World Federation of Direct Selling Associations 世界直销协会联盟WFP World Food Program me 世界粮食计划署WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织WTCA World Trade Center Association 世界贸易中心协会WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织WTO-OMT World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织。
世界粮食计划署消除世界饥饿的文章
世界粮食计划署消除世界饥饿的文章世界粮食计划署（WFP）有一个雄心勃勃的目标——消除全球饥饿。
你知道吗？这个目标听起来简直像是一个超级英雄电影的情节。
不过，它真的不是空想。
它关系到每一个人的生活，每一个家庭的温饱，甚至我们今天吃的一碗米饭或一块面包。
也许你现在在吃早餐，喝着豆浆，咬着包子，根本没意识到，有些地方的孩子一天可能连一顿饭都吃不到。
想想是不是有点心酸？全球每9个人中就有1个人处在饥饿的阴影下。
每次看到这样的数据，真是心里一阵发酸。
别以为这事离你很远，不远的，太不远了。
为了改变这个现状，世界粮食计划署可不是在做空想，咱们看他们做的事情就知道了。
粮食计划署通过全球范围的行动，给无数贫困国家和地区送去了帮助。
说到这里，很多人可能会想，“这不是送饭去吗？” 哎呀，别小看了这事！这背后可是一场场翻天覆地的战斗。
像是在南苏丹、叙利亚、也门这些地方，战争、灾难和不稳定的局势让人们的生活变得异常艰难。
你看，普通人吃不起饭也就算了，连最基本的温饱都难以保障。
粮食计划署每年都要通过紧急援助，送去上百万吨的食物、营养包、灾后恢复计划，这背后，真的是为数不清的志愿者和工作人员在拼命。
再说一说，除了这种应急救援，粮食计划署还会做很多长期的项目，推动农业发展，鼓励贫困地区的农民学会如何种植、养殖，增加他们的生产力。
有些人可能会觉得，咋这不是给鱼，反而是教人钓鱼了？对啊，就是这个道理！只要把自己能做的事学会了，就能独立生存，不再依赖外援，最终走上自给自足的路。
吃饱了肚子之后，很多人都能开始思考更重要的事情，像是教育、卫生和生活质量的提升。
但这条路不是那么容易走的，毕竟很多贫困地区的基础设施很差，交通不便，沟通不畅，甚至连最基本的水源和电力都没有。
粮食计划署的工作人员就得穿越荒原、翻山越岭，穿越雷区和战火，到最艰苦的地方去送粮。
这简直不是一般人能做得到的，得有多大的勇气和坚持啊！你试试想象一下，每天走在坑坑洼洼的路上，饥肠辘辘的孩子们眼巴巴地看着你，那种眼神，恐怕比任何语言都更让人心疼。
世界粮食计划署任务声明
世界粮食计划署任务声明世界粮食计划署是联合国系统的粮食援助机构。
粮食援助是帮助提升食品安全的诸多工具之一，而食品安全是所有人随时取得维持积极健康生活而需要的食物的必要途径。
1规定世界粮食计划署粮食援助使用情况的政策必须为消除饥饿和贫困的目标服务。
粮食援助的最终目标应该是消除粮食援助的必要性。
为帮助改善最贫困人口的生活，需要进行有目标的干预——最贫困人口是指长期或在危机时期不能生产足够粮食或没有资金获得自己及家人为维持积极健康的生活所需食品的那些人。
世界粮食计划署的使命反映了普遍性原则，它将按照其使命，继续：·利用粮食援助支持经济和社会发展；·满足难民和其他紧急食品需求以及相应的物流支持；·按照联合国和联合国粮农组织的推荐提升世界食品安全性。
管理世界粮食计划署活动的核心政策和战略是为以下目标提供粮食援助：1）挽救难民和其他紧急情况中的生命；2）改善大多数弱势群体在他们生命中关键时刻的营养状况和生活质量；3）尤其是通过劳动密集型工作项目，帮助贫困人口和社区积累资产并提高自力更生的能力。
在第一种情况下，粮食援助对社会和人道主义保护不可或缺。
粮食援助在用于挽救生命的同时，尽可能以促进发展的方式进行。
救济性粮食援助的提供将尽可能与其他人道主义组织提供的救济性援助协调好。
在第二种情况下，粮食援助是对人力资源的预投资。
在第三种情况下，利用贫困人口最丰富的资源——他们自己的劳动——创造就业机会和收入来源，并建立起持续性发展所必需的基础设施。
在执行其使命的过程中，世界粮食计划署将把全部资金放在最需要的工作上，尽量发挥所持有资金的最大成本效益。
世界粮食计划署将紧密围绕那些以粮食为基础的干预活动可以发挥最大作用的发展问题开展工作。
世界粮食计划署将尽全力避免给当地粮食生产、消费模式以及粮食援助依赖度带来负面影响。
世界粮食计划署将继续为确保人道主义援助迅速高效投放而在提供运输和物流专业技术及援助方面发挥主要的和巨大的作用。
联合国世界粮食计划署
联合国世界粮食计划署一．简介1 Introduction世界粮食计划署（World Food Programme, WFP），简称粮食计划署，由联合国和联合国粮农组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)合办，是联合国内负责多边粮食援助的机构。
1961年第16届联大和第11届粮农组织大会决定成立，起先是作为1项3年期实验方案，原定于1963年开始运作，但因1962年9月伊朗发生地震、10月泰国遭受飓风、刚刚独立的阿尔及利亚面临500万难民重新安置问题，各地均亟需粮食，世界粮食计划署便提前投入运作。
它的总部设在意大利罗马。
世界粮食计划署的宗旨是The World Food Program ( World Food Programme, WFP ), referred to as the food programme, by the United Nations and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization ( Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO ) joint, joint domestic is responsible for multilateral food aid organization. In 1961, the sixteenth session of the general assembly and the eleventh session of the FAO conference decided to set up, first as a 1 3 year experiment scheme, originally scheduled for 1963 began operation, but because of the 1962 September earthquake in Iran, hurricane in Thailand in October, newly independent Algeria faces 5000000 refugee resettlement issues, all need food, WFP will put into operation ahead of schedule. It is headquartered in Italy Rome. The world food program 's purpose is to以粮食为手段帮助受援国在粮农方面达到生产自救和粮食自给的目的。
联合国机构英文缩写
联合国机构英文缩写联合国大会、联合国安全理事会、联合国经济及社会理事会、联合国托管理事会（已停止正常运作，视需要举行会议）、国际法院、联合国秘书处（基本六大机构）1联合国开发计划署（United Nations Development Programme - UNDP）2联合国环境规划署（United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP）3联合国贸易和发展会议（United Nations Conferenceon Tradeand Development - UNCTAD）4联合国人口基金（United Nations Population Fund - UNFPA）5联合国儿童基金会（United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF）6联合国难民事务高级专员公署（Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees - UNHCR）7联合国欧洲经济委员会（United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - UNECE）8世界粮食计划署（World Food Programme - WFP）9亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会（Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific - ESCAP）10和平利用外层空间委员会（The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space - COPUOS）11国际劳工组织（International Labour Organization - ILO）12联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO）13联合国教育、科学及文化组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO）14世界卫生组织（World Health Organization - WHO）15国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund - IMF）16国际开发协会（International Development Association - IDA）17国际复兴开发银行（世界银行）（Intemational Bailk for Reconstruction and Development - JBRD）（World Bank）18国际金融公司（International Finance Corporation - JFC）19国际民用航空组织（International Civil Aviation Organization - ICAO）20万国邮政联盟（Universal Postal Union - UPU）21国际电信联盟（International Telecommunication Union - ITU）22世界气象组织（World Meteorological Organization - WMO）23国际海事组织（International Maritime Organization - IMO）24世界知识产权组织（World Intellectual Property Organization - WIPO）25国际农业发展基金会（International Fund for Agricultural Development - IFAD）26联合国工业发展组织（United Nations Industrial Development Organization - UNIDO）27国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA）28世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization - WTO）29国际劳工组织（International Labour Organization – ILO）教你如何用WORD文档(2012-06-27 192246)转载▼标签：杂谈1. 问：WORD 里边怎样设置每页不同的页眉？如何使不同的章节显示的页眉不同？答：分节，每节可以设置不同的页眉。
联合国世界粮食计划署 - 标准操作程序 （SOP）：磷化氢运输单位的租赁熏蒸指南说明书
Version: 1.0Date of issue: August 10, 2009Issuing unit: Food Quality unit (OSPFQ)Developed by: Rick J. Hodges, NRIReviewed by: Eleni PANTIORA, OSPFQ-WFPStandard Operating Procedure (SOP)GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTED FUMIGATION OF TRANSPORT UNITS WITH THE GAS PHOSPHINEContentsBackground 1 General rules applicable to the fumigation of all transport units 4 Rail cars 7 Freight containers 8Ships/barges 11BackgroundFumigation is used to disinfest food commodities of insects or rodents. The food must be held in a gas-tight enclosure with a poisonous gas (phosphine) to kill all pests. The gas phosphine is highly toxic to humans and fatal accidents occasionally occur. The fumigation is undertaken with a specific dose of phosphine for a specific period of time and once the fumigation is completed the enclosure is ventilated to disperse any remaining gas that would be a hazard to human health.If any pests survive then the fumigation is regarded as a failure.In some parts of the world, the gas methyl bromide may also be in use for fumigation but this substance is an ozone depletor and its use is being phased out under the terms of the Montreal Protocol.WFP food consignments should not be treated with methyl bromide.A WFP Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for phosphine fumigation of bag stacks of food commodities in warehouses is described elsewhere (Fumigation of warehouse SOP). Not all food is fumigated in warehouses, some may be treated whilst in transport units such as ships/barges, freight containers or rail cars where the commodity may be in bulk or bags. In these cases, the units may either be stationery while they are fumigated and then subsequently ventilated to disperse the fumigant gas prior to transit or, alternatively, after the fumigation has been initiated the units continue in transit before they are ventilated.There are three particular problems concerning fumigation of transport units1)There is a disadvantage in moving units under fumigation since airmovement across the unit may lead to a corresponding pressure drop which has a tendency to draw the fumigant gas out from the unit, so reducing the chances of fumigation success.2)Relatively few transport units are designed to be fumigated. For asafe and effective fumigation the units must be made gas-tight.Transport units such as bulk carriers or certain freight containers may have built-in gas-tight seals so that fumigation can be relatively easy to undertake and is likely to be successful. By contrast, ‘tween decker’ cargo ships, general freight containers and rail cars with no built in seals can be difficult to seal and when they are fumigated they may present dangers to health and are often not successful.3)Transport units often hold very large quantities of grain. Effectivedistribution of fumigant in very large bulks may require special procedures, such as an air recirculation system.These guidelines for the fumigation of transport units are intended to inform WFP staff aboutthe conditions required to achieve safe and effective fumigation where food commodities is being held in a variety of transport units, andthe main technical and safety issues that should be specified when procuring the services of a contractor to undertake the fumigation of a transport unit.Unlike the WFP SOP for bag stack fumigation, where each step of the treatment is clearly described,these guidelines present a mixture of general principles and specific requirements,since unlike bag stacks, transport units vary widely in the fumigation problems they present and in some instances,especially very large scale fumigations,there are no agreed procedures and reliance is placed on the experience of the fumigator.There are no specific international guidelines on the fumigation of rail cars. For ships and freight containers there are several documents that specify procedures with respect to safety but do not specify details of the fumigation method to be used. These include the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) ‘Recommendations on the Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships(2002edition)’,Maritime Safety Committee Circular1264(May 2008) on the safety of fumigation of grain in ships’ holds and Maritime Safety Committee Circular1265on the safety of fumigation of freight containers. GAFTA has also issued it own ‘Code of Practice for Fumigation and Pest Control’ (Sept. 2008) based on these document.General rules applicable to the fumigation of all transport units(rail cars,freight containers, ships/barges)1.Only the gas phosphine should be used for fumigations to beundertaken on behalf of WFP.2.No attempt should be made to apply phosphine fumigation unlessthe unit is gastight.3.Avoid fumigating fully sealed/lined bags of food commodity, such asWSB,CSB,wheat flour etc.Special procedures are required (/fumigation).4.Phosphine gas could be provided directly from cylinders or a gasgenerator but is usually generated from solid formulations of either aluminium phosphide(e.g.Phostoxin)or magnesium phosphide(e.g. Magtoxin). Solid formulations release gas on exposure to themoisture in air. They may be supplied as pellets or tablets, which decompose leaving a powder residue uncontained, making disposal relatively difficult,or as sachets or blankets composed of larger quantities in permeable containers making disposal easy.5.Magnesium phosphide generates gas more quickly than aluminiumphosphide and is only appropriate for use in fumigations where commodity temperatures are15 C to20 C.For fumigations undertaken under warm tropical conditions,only aluminium phosphide should be used.Phosphine fumigation should not be used when the commodity temperatures are below 15 C.6.No attempt should be made to fumigate the commodity usingaluminium or magnesium phosphide if grains are below 9% moisture content (or below 3.5% moisture in the case of oil seeds) or if the relative humidity within the unit is less than 25%. This would result in incomplete gas release.7.No attempt should be made to fumigate with solid phosphidepreparations where there is a danger of direct contact between the solid and liquid water (e.g. condensation, water leakage). In these circumstances, a flame may be generated leading to fire.8.Where phosphine gas is to be recirculated by fan within a transportunit, to enable an effective fumigation, then this must only be done using a low flow rate fan of the correct specifications and must only be done within a gas-tight unit. Fans must have a blade tip speed ofless than40m/sec and should generate a differential pressure of less than 10 kPa. High pressure fans present a risk of phosphine combustion and hence fire.9.The current recommended dosage rate for phosphine is2g ofgas/ton or 1.5g of gas/m3(3g of aluminum phosphide=1g of phosphine gas). However, recommendations do change and it is important to check them from time to time. In addition,for the fumigation of very large bulks over extended periods higher dosage rates may be required. Both under-dosing and over-dosing can be a cause of fumigation failure and promote the development of insect resistance to phosphine.10.Phosphine dosage rates are applied according to the internalvolume of the transport unit and apply equally to full, part-filled or empty structures.11. For typical bag stack fumigations, the success of a treatmentcan be determined by the measuring phosphine gas concentrations under the gas-tight sheet on the fifth day of treatment, which should be 150 ppm. For most transport units this type of check would not be possible since the fumigator is usually not in place at the end of the fumigation as the unit is still in transit.Alternatively the fumigation is planned for a much more extended period and no critical concentration is known.12.When using tablets or pellets of phosphide, it is important thatthey are not piled on top of each other but placed in a single layer.13.The recommended phosphine exposure period should beconsidered to start at the time of the completion of fumigant application.14.The duration of phosphine fumigation should not be less thanfive days, preferably 7 days, and especially long exposure periods may be required for very large bulks.15.The Threshold Limit Value for occupational exposure tophosphine is 0.3 ppm. The working environment should be at or below this value before people are allowed to enter into the spaces where food commodities have been fumigated. The TLV should be confirmed using a phosphine detector that is sufficiently sensitive to measure low gas concentrations (e.g. Daeger gas detector tubes). 16.In-transit fumigations present a serious danger to thoseopening units on arrival since fumigant gas may remain. Any unitsthat have been under fumigation in transit must1)be labelled accordingly so that they can be readily identified, and 2) at the time of opening they must be checked by a certified fumigator using gas monitoring equipment and may not be unloaded until officially declared safe and the fumigation warning labels removed.17.For ‘tween decker’ ships, freight containers or rail cars thatare not specifically designed to be sealed, every effort should be made to fumigate the commodity as a bag stack in a warehouse, either before loading or after discharge. If this is not possible then fumigation in transit should be avoided, rather the units should be stationery during fumigation.18.Correct disposal of fumigant residues is important.Solidphosphide reacts with the moisture in air to generate phosphine gas and either aluminium or magnesium hydroxide. The hydroxides area light grey dust. If the phosphide has not fully reacted then thedust is potentially dangerous.In very large bulks of grain the residues are allowed to become mixed into the bulk, would soon fully react and would not be noticed by the consumer. For smaller quantities of grain, the phosphide is placed on paper plates or craft paper or may instead be confined to an easily disposable sachet.The residues on trays or in sachets should be either buried away from human habitation or alternatively placed in a bucket, mixed with a large volume of water containing a little detergent. After vigorous stirring the water may be poured down the drain.Rail carsRail cars can be difficult to fumigate as it is rare that they are manufactured with seals making them gas-tight. Instead, vents, slides and doors may need to be thoroughly sealed using polythene sheeting and strong plastic tape(not paper based).Where possible,rail cars should be held stationery in rail siding for the full period of the fumigation (not less than 5 days). Movement of the rail cars will accelerate gas loss and jeopardise a successful fumigation.The correct dosage of phosphide should be introduced as sachets, tablets or pellets. Tablets or pellets should be placed on trays or craft paper for easy removal of residues. As soon as the fumigant has been introduced then the rail car must be sealed and a warning notice fixed securely to the car indicating the following:a fumigation is in progress,the date of start of fumigation,the date of completion, andthe contact details of the fumigator in charge.At the end of the fumigation period, in sidings or at the destination, the rail car should be ventilated by the Fumigator-in-charge and gas levels checked to ensure safe working. Once the rail car has been declared safe the fumigation warning notice should be removed.Freight containersFood commodities in freight containers may be fumigated provided that the containers can be made gas-tight. If containers have the following conditions then they will be difficult to seal:floors made of timber planking (rather than a large plywood panels) especially if the planking is in poor condition.large areas of ventilation running the length of the top and bottom of the sidesseals around the edges of the ventilators in poor conditionventilators inside at the floor/wall junction that ventilate to the exterior from the underside.These need to be sealed prior to stuffing the container.door seals damaged or partly missing.If the sealing problems above apply then the containers will have fumigated under gas-tight sheets in a manner similar to a bag-stack fumigation. The containers would be placed on good hard standing (a concrete or tarmac area without obvious cracks), covered by a gas-tight sheet that is held in place with sand snakes. If the fumigation is to be done on the quay side then a double layer of sand snakes is recommended to help counteract wind action. The fumigant would be placed in the container and then the doors shut for the duration of the treatment.Containers that would be suitable for fumigation following sealing are either those specially designed for fumigation or with all the following:a good floor, preferably made of a single plywood panel,doors with tight sealing, undamaged rubber gaskets,minimal or no ventilators to be sealedno damage to the container structureMost freight containers are fumigated and ventilated prior to being loaded on a ship. This process typically takes 7 to 10 days.Freight container fumigation to be completed before loadingThe ventilators should be sealed using polythene sheeting and plastic sticky-tape; the correct fumigant dosage should be place in the container and then doors sealed. A warning notice should be fixed surely to the container indicating that:a fumigation is in progress,the date of start of fumigation,the date of completion, andthe contact details of the Fumigator-in-chargeAs soon as the fumigation period is complete,the freight containers should be ventilated by opening the doors and allowing the remaining gas to escape and all phosphide residues removed and disposed of safely. Ventilation can take several hours and can be a natural process, or can be accelerated by mechanical means such as blowers or extractors.As soon as ventilation is complete, the Fumigator-in-charge should certify that the container is safe, and mark the warning signs to show that it has been ventilated and the date of ventilation. The container may then be moved onto the ship. On the ship the container will not be treated as a container under fumigation.Freight container fumigation to be completed in transitFor sealable freight containers,where the fumigation is intended to continue in transit, the fumigation should be initiated on shore and the containers should not be loaded onto the ship until 24h after the start of the fumigation,by which time there will be a reasonably uniform gas concentration throughout the cargo.The ship’s master should be informed prior to loading of freight containers under fumigation.Any ventilators should be sealed using polythene sheeting and plastic sticky-tape; the correct fumigant dosage should be place in the container and then doors sealed. When under fumigation, freight containers must have the doors fully secured before loading onto a ship,plastic or lightweight metal seals are not sufficient for this purpose. The securing arrangement must be such as to allow only authorized entry to the freight container.If container doors are to be locked,the means of locking should be of such a construction that, in case of emergency, the doors could be opened without delay. A warning notice should be fixed securely to the container in a location where it will be easily seen by persons attempting to enter the interior of the unit. The notice should be not less than 300 mm wide and 250 mm high, with markings in black print on a white background with lettering not less than 25 mm high and it should indicate:a fumigation is in progress,the date of start of fumigation,the date of completion, andthe contact details of the Fumigator in ChargeThe transport document for a fumigated freight container shall show the type and amount of fumigant used, the date and time of start and the completion of fumigation.In addition,instructions for disposal for any residual fumigant, including fumigation devices if used, shall be provided. The warning notice shall remain on the unit until the following provisions are met:1.the fumigated unit has been ventilated to remove harmfulconcentrations of fumigant gas and the unit declared safe by theFumigator-in-charge; and2.the fumigated goods or materials have been unloaded.Stowage on deck should be at least 6m away from vent intakes, crew quarters and regularly occupied spaces.Containers under fumigation should only be stowed under deck when unavoidable and then only in a cargo space equipped with mechanical ventilation sufficient to prevent the build-up of fumigant concentrations above the toxicity levels (threshold limits) set by national agencies. The ventilation rate of the mechanical ventilation system should be at least two air changes per hour, based on the empty cargo space.Ships/bargesFumigation in the holds of ships or barges may be undertaken while the vessels are held at anchor or while they are in transit. Fumigations at anchor are to be preferred since the fumigation can be kept under the control of the Fumigator-in-charge and the ship’s crew can be kept on shore, this reduces potential health risks.For cargoes of bagged grain, the usual practice is to place solid fumigant generating preparation(tablets,pellets,sachets,blankets)onto the surfaces layer of bags and then seal the holds.For cargoes of bulk grain, the solid fumigant preparation may be placed on the bulk surface and some fumigators may place blankets in a trench about 0.3m below the grain surface. However, as a rule of thumb it is not recommended to have only a surface application if the depth of the bulk is greater than 12m. In any bulk it is considered better for tablets to be distributed at various depths within the bulk using probes or they could be placed at different depths as a hold is filled with grain. A more modern and more effective approach is to supply phosphine gas to the hold (from cylinders or a gas generator) and recirculate the gas with an appropriate fan. Where solid preparations are used and there is no recirculation then long fumigation durations may be needed to give a successful outcome. The fumigation period may need to exceed 15 days; however, there are no agreed procedures.When the fumigant is supplied as gas and recirculated then a typical 5-7 day fumigation should be sufficient.Cargo fumigation in transitFumigation in transit may only be done with the consent of the ship’s master and with the agreement of the port state administration. There may also be additional flag state requirements to consider. At least two crew members should be trained by the Fumigator-in-charge as representatives of the master,responsible for ensuring that safe conditions are maintained on board after the Fumigator-in-charge has left. They should be familiar with the hazardous properties of the fumigant including its detection. In addition they should know the symptoms of poisoning,relevant first aid,special medical treatment and emergency procedures.Before fumigationEmpty cargo spaces should be inspected for leaks by the Fumigator-in-charge and a trained representative(or another competent person).Checks should be made to determine whether the holds can be made sufficiently gastight to prevent leakage into the accommodation, engine room or other living or work areas. Special attention should be given to bilge, ballast and ventilation systems. On completion of the exercise the Fumigator-in-charge should provide the master with a signed statement declaring whether or not the cargo spaces are fit for fumigation, or can be made so.If safe to proceed, the Fumigator-in-charge should give written notification to the master of the loaded cargo holds to be fumigated, and of all spaces which should not be entered during fumigation. The details should also include spaces adjacent to the cargo holds where leaking gas may result in phosphine accumulation. Warning notices should be posted outside all such locations before the fumigant is applied.Notices should also be placed on any entrances to holds and on hold covers.After application of fumigantOnce the fumigant has been applied, the Fumigator-in-charge together with trained representatives of the master should identify and rectify any leakage from the cargo spaces.After a suitable period of time the accommodation,engine room and other working spaces should be checked for harmful concentrations of gas.The Fumigator-in-charge should also confirm that the vessel’s gas detection and respiratory protection equipment are in good order, and that sufficient consumables to facilitate sampling throughout the voyage are carried.All warning notices should remain in place. Provided the master is satisfied that the cargo spaces are gastight and that all the required checks and safeguards have been fulfilled, the vessel may sail.However, it may sometimes be necessary for the vessel to remain in port to allow the fumigant to reach a concentration high enough to identify any possible leakage. This situation is more likely if no recirculation system is fitted,it may take between four to seven days before gas can be detected. Alternatively, the Fumigator-in-charge should remain on board after sailing until the gas concentration has risen to a detectable level, or until the cargo spaces have been discharged, whichever is shorter. Once the Fumigator-in-charge has finished and on leaving the vessel, he should transfer the responsibility for maintaining safe conditions in all occupied spaces to the master and provide the master with written statements as follows:(a) The gas in the cargo space(s) has increased to a level whereby any leakage would be detectable.(b) The spaces adjacent to the treated cargo space(s) have been found to be gas free.(c) A trained representative is fully conversant with the use of the gas detection equipment provided.(d)The type of fumigant,associated hazards(e.g.fire risk)and the Threshold Limit Value (TLV).(f) The time after which the fumigation will be complete.(g) The procedure for the dispersal of any remaining fumigant at the end of the fumigation period.(h) The procedure for the safe disposal of any fumigant residues at the end of the fumigation period.After the fumigation process has started and throughout the voyage, all occupied areas and working spaces should be checked for traces of gas at least every eight hours,or more frequently if recommended by the Fumigator-in-charge. All readings should be entered in the deck logbook. Should the concentration of gas in any occupied space is found to exceed the TLV then steps must be taken to evacuate and ventilate the area concerned.Prior to arrivalAt least 24 hours notice should be given to the appropriate authorities at the vessel’s destination, advising them that fumigation in transit is taking place and informing them of the type of fumigant, the date of fumigation, the cargo spaces treated,and whether ventilation to disperse the remaining fumigant has commenced.On arrivalAt the discharge port the local requirements for receiving fumigated cargo should be ascertained.Once established,the master should provide those responsible with detailed information regarding the fumigant together with the instructions for disposing of any fumigant residues. Before personnel are permitted to enter the cargo spaces, representatives from a fumigation company(or other authorised persons)wearing respiratory protection should monitor the gas concentration to ensure that no danger exists. It is particularly important to recognise that phosphide tablets may not always decompose completely during short passages. The monitored readings should be entered in the deck logbook.Prepared by Dr R.J.Hodges, Natural Resources Institute (NRI), UK。
世界粮食计划署获诺贝尔和平奖
听.闻天下事•顒診世界粮食计划署获诺贝尔和平奖i—g r a ma w a r _eacep r N ewonu r _n gp a n s m oM lo — o —9The United Nations' World Food Program received the 2020 NobelPeace Prize Friday for its worldwide efforts to combat （对抗）hunger amid thecoronavirus pandemic.The World Food Program was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for its efforts to combat a surge （激增）in global hunger amid the coronavirus pandemic, which has swept around the world with devastating （毁灭，性的） impact.The Nobel committee said that work by the organization, a United Nations agency, to address hunger had laid the foundations for peace in nationsravaged （摧毁）by war.In many nations, particularly those at war, the combination of conflict and the pan demic has sharply in creased the nu mber of people on the brinkof]starvation. As the global fallout from the pandemic began this spring, the World Food Program estimated that the number of people experiencing life- th reate n ing levels of food in s ecurity could more than double this year, to 265 million.The World Food Program, established in 1961 after a proposal byPreside n t Dwight D. Eise n hower, has bee n a major behind-the-scenes player helping people affected by some of the world's most devastating humanitarianon the brink of 濒临如:Civilization is on the brink ofapocalypse.文明已濒临毁灭的边缘。
公益 广告案例
公益广告案例
案例1：联合国世界粮食计划署-廉价包粮广告
公益广告案例之一是联合国世界粮食计划署的廉价包粮广告。
在该广告中，通过展示一位孩童每天只能吃一餐简单的食物，强调了全球食品危机的严重性。
广告最后呼吁观众支持联合国的廉价包粮计划，提供更多的资源以帮助解决全球饥饿问题。
案例2：北京市儿童福利院-关爱弃婴广告
另一个公益广告案例是北京市儿童福利院的关爱弃婴广告。
广告中呈现了一系列被遗弃的婴儿，他们无辜的眼神引起了观众的共鸣。
广告通过呼吁观众关注并帮助这些被遗弃的孩子来传达一个重要的公益信息。
广告最后提供了福利院的联系信息，鼓励观众积极参与相关义务工作或捐助。
案例3：WWF（世界自然基金会）-动物保护广告
WWF是一个致力于保护和传承地球上的野生动植物的全球性组织。
他们的公益广告着重于动物保护。
其中著名的案例是一系列黑白广告，展示了具有珍稀和濒临灭绝的动物的影像，例如熊猫、老虎和海龟。
广告语简洁有力，鼓励观众参与到野生动物保护中来，以保护它们的栖息地和生活环境。
这些公益广告都运用了强有力的视觉形象和感人的情感，以激发观众的共鸣并呼吁观众行动起来，关注并参与到解决社会中所面临的问题中。
世界粮食计划署：中国援手大力推动非洲饥荒救助
世界粮食计划署：中国援手大力推动非洲饥荒救助
中新社北京8月16日电(于帅帅) 中国国家总理温家宝15日会见埃塞俄比亚总理梅莱斯时表示，中国政府将再向埃塞俄比亚等非洲国家增加3.532亿人民币的紧急粮食和现汇援助。
联合国世界粮食计划署(WFP)中国区新闻发言人许楠16日接受中新社记者采访时就此表示，这对身处灾难中的人们来说是巨大的帮助，特别是那些极度脆弱的儿童和母亲。
此前中国政府曾于7月下旬宣布向饱受饥荒灾害的非洲之角地区提供9000万元人民币紧急粮食援助。
许楠表示，目前已有很多中国人通过WFP的战略合作伙伴中国扶贫基金会进行捐助。
“我和我的同事每天能收到很多邮件和电话，他们都是询问救援一线的情况和希望援助非洲之角难民。
”
此外在东非地区的救助现场也有中国人的身影出现。
据许楠介绍，目前便有两位中国籍的女性WFP国际雇员分别工作在埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚。
“她们是杰出的中国女性，长期工作在艰苦的救援一线，用她们丰富的救援经验和专业精神帮助身处困境的人们。
”
许楠表示，来自中国政府和个人的关注，大力地推动了非洲之角的援助。
中国人民大学国际关系学院副教授刘东国16日也对中新社记者表示，中国一直致力于对非洲地区的援助工作，包括技术、人员及物资方面。
针对近日有西方媒体抱怨中国援助不力的问题，刘东国认为，“如果硬是要求中国作为一个发展中国家去承担主要责任，甚至比发达国家做的还要好，那不现实。
”
另据许楠介绍，在受灾最严重的索马里，世界粮食计划署已向索马里中部、北部地区以及首都摩加迪沙共计约150万难民提供食物，并计划进一步向居住在难以进入的南部地区的220万难民伸出援手。
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世界粮食计划署
(World Food Programme，WFP )
世界粮食计划署，简称粮食计划署，是联合国内负责多边粮食援助的机构。
１９６１年第１６届联大和第１１届粮农组织大会决定成立。
１９６３年开始正式办公。
其总部设在意大利罗马。
世界粮食计划署的宗旨是以粮食为手段帮助受援国在粮农方面达到生产自救和粮食自给的目的。
援助方式分紧急救济、快速开发项目和正常开发项目３种。
其活动资源主要来自各国政府自愿捐献的物资、现金和劳务。
目前主要认捐者有美国、欧盟、加拿大、荷兰、日本、德国、瑞典、英国、丹麦和澳大利亚。
执行局是其领导机构（原称粮食援助政策与计划委员会──粮援会，１９９６年１月起改称现名）。
由３６个联合国和粮农组织成员组成，其中一半由联合国粮农组织理事会选出，另一半由联合国经社理事会选出，成员任期为３年，每年改选１／３。
执行局负责审批执行干事提出的援助项目，审查已批准的项目的执行情况。
秘书处为日常的办事机构，主持日常工作的执行干事由联合国秘书长和粮农组织总干事同粮食援助政策和计划委员会协商后任命。
任期五年，可连任。
主要出版物：《世界粮食计划署新闻》，季刊。
中国于１９７９年正式参加该署活动。
１９８０年１０月与该署鉴订了《基本协定》。
同年，该署在北京正式设立驻华代表处。
中国曾多次以观察员身份出席该署会议。
１９８７年中国当选为粮食援助政策和计划委员会成员。
１９９６年中国成为首届执行局成员。