高中英语构词法+常见词根词缀整理

2：常见的动词后缀
(1)表示“使（成为）” “使……化”
-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate -en strengthen weaken broaden widen -ify classify simplify specify qualify ize realize organize criticize recognize -ish astonish cherish establish finish polish
-ant
assistant accountant participant
-ent
student president resident
-ee
employee trainee
-er
writer speaker waiter
-or
actor conductor sailor
-ess
waitress hostess actress
(2)表示“充满或缺乏”
（3）表示“类似”
duty-free care-free -ish childish stylish greenish worry-free
-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful
-less hopeless useless needless
suitability probability possibility responsibility marriage shortage carriage arrival refusal revival survival acceptance importance distance ignorance dependence existence difference conference freedom wisdom seldom
-like childlike businesslike
-ly brotherly friendly deadly deathly
-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious
考
转化法
点 1.名词转化为动词 Did you book a seat on the plane?
梳
理 I am going to map this area.
2. Let’s go out for a walk. Let’s have a swim. 我们去游泳吧。
考
派生词(前缀，后缀)
在词的前面加前缀或者词根后面加后缀构成一个
vanish accomplish abolish
3：常见形容词后缀
（1）表示“具有……性质的”
-al national cultural natural -an American republican -ian Italian Canadian Christian -ant pleasant resistant distant -ent different confident excellent -ary necessary imaginary customary -ory compulsory contradictory -ate considerate fortunate -ese Chinese Taiwanese Cantonese -ic heroic poetic economic -some troublesome handsome quarrelsome
构词法 常见词缀,词根积累
考 语言学家把研究词的内部结构和构词法的学 点 问称为词法学（morphology）。 梳 英语的主要构词法有： 理 复合词(compound), 派生法(derivation), 转
化法(conversion),
缩略词(acronym), 混缩词(blending), 逆成词(backformation), 省略词(clipping), 首字母缩略(initialism), 外来词(loan word)。
考
合成法
点 1.合成动词 v.+v. sleepwalk
梳 adj.+v. whitewash粉刷 理 dry-clean干洗 highlight突出； 强调
adv.+v. overthrow
2.合成形容词 n. +adj. snow-white雪白的
color-blind色盲的 n. +v.-ing English-speaking n. + to +n. face-to-face
-ist
socialist novelist scientist dentist
（2）表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词
-ability -ibility -age -al -ance -ence -dom -y(-ery) -hood -ion -ition -ation -ism -ment -ness -ship -ure
slavery bravery discovery mastery robbery childhood adulthood neighborhood question construction election conduction composition competition modernization civilization alteration pessimism optimism socialism Marxism movement government encouragement kindness carelessness friendship leadership relationship exposure failure measure leisure pleasure
点 与原单词意义相近或者相反的新词，叫做派生词。
梳 1. 前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性。
理 2.
后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的词。
常见词缀，词根整理
1：常见的名词后缀
（1）表示“人和物”
-an
American historian
-ian
Italian Canadian politician