动词不定式做主语宾语及双宾语结构

动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）

定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。

结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”,其中 to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。否定形式为：not / never + to do

句法功能：

一、用作主语

○1多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。

E.g. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well.

1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.

2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.

○2动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)

【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。.

○3疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。

How to learn English well is important.

4. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans

5. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning

6.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.

7. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.

A. for ， of

B. of ， for

C. to ， for

D. of ， to

二、 用作宾语

1. 可以接带to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有： 在want ， like ， agree ， hope ， wish ， learn ， begin ，

start ， seem ， decide ， hate ， choose ， forget ， remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。

1. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.

2. It ’s time for class. Please stop _______(talk).

3. I ’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.

4. We decided _______ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave

D. going 5. The teacher told us _______in bed. A. Don ’t read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read

2. 动词feel, find, make, think 等后面，可以用it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，

句子结构是 ...feel / find / make / ... it + adj. / n. + to do...。如：

I find it difficult (remember)everything.

提高)my English. 及物动词+不定式一般形式：

及物动词+疑问词+不定式：

注意：后跟不带to 的动词做宾语补足语的词，see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth.

/have sb. do sth. / let sb. do sth.

【巩固练习】

1. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.

A. has

B. have

C. to have

D. having

2. _______the computer is a problem.

A. How to use

B. What to use

C. Where to use

D. Which to use

3. The teacher told us _______in bed.

A. don’t read

B. read not

C. to not read

D. not to read

4. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______?

A. turn down it

B. turn it down

C. to turn it down

D. to turn down it

5. It’s cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.

A. to put on

B. putting on

C. puts on

D. put on

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. It took half an hour _______(get) to the World Park from Kitty’s school.

2. It was interesting _______(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.

3. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.

4. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.

5. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.

6. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.

7. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.

双宾语

定义：当一个句子中出现两个动作的承受着，一个是物，一个是人，采用下列表达方式：动词+人+物= 动词+物+介词+人。此时，人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。

结构：“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“及物动词+ 直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语”

例子：I give you a rose.

【主语】【动词】【间接宾语】【直接宾语】

I give a rose to you.

【主语】【动词】【】【】【】

【判断】I passed him an apple.

I passed an apple to him.