主要英语国家概况chapter 5
英语国家概况-5
LOGO
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大前提 - 小前提 - 结论 演绎推理
LOGO
• 辩证逻辑注重人的主体能动性，始终让人参与其中，在正 反两个方面，或者若干不同的类别中间进行反复比较、鉴 别、综合，从而得出结论。
– 归纳推理 – 辩证逻辑的另一特点是重视检验的价值，但中国传统文化又将经验神秘化的倾向。 西方自古就有“知识都能用语言表达” 的信条；但中国上古思想界普遍有“书不 尽言，言不尽意” 和 “道可道，非常道”。
BrotherBrother-Brother
Man---Ethics The Core Values in Confucianism Zhong (Loyalty) Jie (Chastity)
Xiao (Filial Piety) Li (Rites)
Xin (Faithfulness)
二元对立 • {1:26} And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle,and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
Basic Views of Confucianism
LOGO
• Emphasis on the formation of the proper society and the establishment of ethical standards. • Emphasis on self-cultivation (gentlmen; man with good tatste)
英语国家概况
2-4british cabinet works on the principle of collective responsibility英国内阁的原则的集体责任the main duty of the british privy council is to give advice英国枢密院的主要职责是提供意见in british the parliamentary general election is held every five years在英国的议会大选每五年举行一次scotland has a distinct legal system based on roman law苏格兰有不同的法律制度的基础上罗马法generally speaking the british parliament operates on a two party system一般来说，英国议会上的两个政党制度the policies of the conservative party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism保守党的政策的特点是实用主义和个人主义的信仰the labor party affected the british society greatly in that it set up the national health service劳动党影响了英国社会的大大的，因为它建立了国家卫生服务Chapter5the british government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s 自19世纪初以来，英国政府一直负责教育feducation in britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15在英国的教育是强制性的6至15岁之间的所有儿童fthe national curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system国家课程是强制性的国家制度和独立董事制度fwhen children finish their schooling at 16 ,they are required to take national gcse examination当孩子完成学业，他们必须在16到民族GCSE考试tgraduates from state schools in britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools在英国公立学校的毕业生有一个不太有利的机会进入名牌大学比独立学校tin the 1960s a large number of new universities were founded in britain在20世纪60年代，大量的新的大学成立于英国tmost british people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening大多数英国人开始新的一天早上阅读报纸，并最终在晚上看电视tthe times is the world's oldest national newspaper时间是世界上历史最悠久的全国性报纸fthe bbc world service broadcasts only in english throughout the world英国广播公司世界服务仅在英语世界各地的广播fsome british holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the christian calendar ,and others are related to local customs and traditions英国一些节日的庆祝，以纪念基督教日历中的重要事件，以及其他相关的当地的习俗和传统tin britain the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the 1960s在20世纪60年代在英国文法学校和职业学校之间的分工，通过引入综合学校结束about 6% of british children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system约6％的英国儿童接受小学和中学教育，通过独立的系统partially funded by central government grants ,the british universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources by tuition fees ,donations and corporate contributions部分资金由中央政府拨款，英国的大学接受他们的剩余资金从以下来源的学费，捐款和企业捐款A级成绩，学校参考，面试，是英国大学入学必须的，不需要在全国普通高考测试结果to be admitted to the open university one need no education qualifications开放大学不需要学历three big newspapersthe timesthe guardianthe daily telegraph三大报纸时代守护者据“每日电讯报”life on earth is a kind of documentary program produced by the bbc and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide地球上的生命是一种由BBC制作的纪录片节目，深受全球500万观众sky tv is britain top pay television provider天空电视台是英国最大的收费电视提供a common feature of all the british holidaysfamilies getting togetherfriends exchanging good wishesfriends enjoying each other's company一个共同的特点，所有的英国假期家庭走到一起朋友们交流的良好祝愿朋友享受彼此的陪伴christmas traditionsqueen's christmas messageboxing daychristmas pantomime圣诞节的传统女王的圣诞贺词节礼日圣诞哑剧Chapter6the canterbury tales is a representative work of the old english period坎特伯雷故事集”是古英语时期的代表作frenaissance is characterized by admiration of the greek and latin classic文艺复兴时期的特点是钦佩的希腊和拉丁经典fHamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces :moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder哈姆雷特”描绘了主人公的斗争，两股力量：道德操守和需要，以报复他的父亲的谋杀talexander pope was a great english poet who also translated homer's iliad教皇亚历山大是一个伟大的英国诗人，翻译荷马的伊利亚特tjonathan swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the english language and robinson crusoe is his masterpiece乔纳森·斯威夫特可能是最重要的散文讽刺作家在英语语言和鲁滨逊漂流记“是他的代表作fwilliam wordsworth and samuel taylor coleridge brought the r omantic movement to its height华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治带来了浪漫的运动，它的高度flord byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of hie short poems such as ode to the west wind拜伦勋爵区别了自己的音乐质量缺血缺氧性脑病的短诗，如颂歌的西风fjane austen was a well-known novelist of the stream of consciousness school简·奥斯丁是一个著名的小说家流的意识学校fjoseph conrad is classified as a forerunner of modernism ,which prevailed before world war two 约瑟夫·康拉德被列为现代主义的先驱，战胜前世界战争2 tv s naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the third world the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism奈保尔在他的作品中详述的双重问题，第三世界的压迫的殖民主义和后殖民主义的混乱the most significant achievement of the english renaissance is drama英国文艺复兴的最显着的成就是戏剧'preface to lyrical ballads' is viewed as romantic poetry's declaration of indepen dence“前言的抒情民谣”被视为浪漫主义诗歌的独立宣言of dickens' novels, david copperfield is considered autobiographical狄更斯小说中，大卫·科波菲尔的自传thomas hardy is a representative of english critical realism at the turn of the 19th century托马斯•哈代是19世纪之交的英国批判现实主义的代表of the following statementsit prevailed at the end of the 19th centurythe writers were dissatisfied with the social realitytreasure island was a representative workneo-romanticism下面的语句它盛行于19世纪的结束作家与社会现实不满宝岛的代表之作新浪漫主义modernist groupvirginia woolfwilliam butler yeatst s eliot现代派组弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫威廉·巴特勒·叶芝T S艾略特oscar wild 奥斯卡野 Fthomas hardyjude the obscuretess of the d'urbervillesthe return of the native托马斯•哈代作品“无名的裘德”德伯家的苔丝“还乡adam bede亚当·比德 fa nobel prize winnersamuel beckettwilliam goldingv s naipaul诺贝尔奖得主塞缪尔·贝克特威廉·戈尔丁V S奈保尔waiting for godot is written by samuel beckett塞缪尔·贝克特“等待戈多”写的是判断题the republic of ireland occupies the entire area of the island of ireland爱尔兰共和国占据了整个爱尔兰岛的面积fthe earliest inhabitants in ireland were celtic tribes from europe从欧洲最早的居民在爱尔兰的凯尔特部落fin the 1800s ,ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of britain在1800年，爱尔兰获得的繁荣，因为它成为英国的一部分，fin the 1930s ireland was not indeed a republic but belonged to the commonwealth of nations在20世纪30年代，爱尔兰的确不是一个共和国，但属于英联邦国家tto support the government's neutrality in world war two ,there was no irishman participating in the war支持政府的中立地位在第二次世界大战中，在战争中的爱尔兰没有人参与fwith the help of britain, ireland entered the eec in 1973 without difficulties在英国的帮助下，爱尔兰于1973年进入欧洲经济共同体没有困难fin 1949 britain recognized the independence of the irish republic and returned the six northern counties在1949年，英国承认独立的爱尔兰共和国，并返还北六县fin ireland ,both the house of representatives and the senate have the power of m aking laws在爱尔兰，众议院和参议院有制定法律的权力fenglish is the only official language in ireland because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue英语是唯一的官方语言，因为在爱尔兰的大多数人英语作为他们的母语f catholicism in ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith在爱尔兰天主教不是一个单纯的私人信仰的问题t选择题celtic tribes established a unified irish culture and language in the 6th century bc凯尔特部落在公元前6世纪建立了一个统一的爱尔兰文化和语言the anglo-irish treaty resulted in the irish civil warAnglo爱尔兰条约导致爱尔兰内战by 1980,the following except budget deficit were all serious problems in the irish society inflationunemploymentforeign debt到1980年，以下情况（除外预算赤字严重）的问题，在爱尔兰社会通货膨胀失业外债mary robinson was the first irish minister to visit queen elizabeth 2玛丽·罗宾逊是爱尔兰第一部长访问伊丽莎白女王2世in ireland, the head of state is the president在爱尔兰，国家元首是总统fianna fail i s the largest party in ireland since 1932 and has been in power for most of the time in the party's history共和党的失败是最大的政党在爱尔兰自1932年以来，已在在党的历史上的大部分时间执政emigration in ireland started as early as in the medieval period早在中世纪时期移民开始在爱尔兰ireland now has a knowledge-based economy爱尔兰现在有一个以知识为基础的经济ireland is called the celtic tiger because of its rapid economic growth爱尔兰被称为“凯尔特之虎”，因为其快速的经济增长Chapter8the eastern highlands formed by the appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory由阿巴拉契亚山脉的东部高地持有该国的大陆领土的三分之一fthe climate in the united states can be classified as temperature with some mild subtropical and tropical zones在美国的气候可以划分为一些温和的亚热带和热带地区的温度talmost through the middle of the united states north to south runs a well known 50-centimeter rainfall line美国北到南几乎通过中间运行一个众所周知的50厘米的降雨线tnew york is the commercial and financial center of the united states and it is composed of five boroughs including manhattan ,brooklyn ,the bronx, staten island and queens纽约是美国的商业和金融中心，它是由五个区组成，包括曼哈顿，布鲁克林，布朗克斯区，斯塔滕岛和皇后区的tsan francisco is the second largest city after new york and the world famous hollywood and disneyland are located here旧金山是第二大城市，仅次于纽约和世界著名的好莱坞和迪斯尼乐园都坐落在这里 fhalf of the usa population lives in the western metropolitan centers一半的美国人口生活在西部的大都市中心 fthe blacks brought from africa to america usually worked on plantations or farms in the north从非洲到美国的黑人，通常在北方的种植园或农场工作 fduring the 1830s and 1840s ,many northern europeans and irish immigr ants came to america在19世纪30年代和19世纪40年代，许多北欧和爱尔兰移民来到美国，talmost half of the immigrants coming to the united states in the 1980s were asians几乎有一半的移民来美国在20世纪80年代是亚洲人tbasic american cultural values are freedom equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living美国社会文化基本价值观是自由，平等和努力，为更高标准的生活的愿望t选择题the united states have 48 states on the continent美国有48个州在大陆the state of alaska is the largest in area of all the states在阿拉斯加州的区域的是国家所有的区域最大的the usa lies in central north america ,with canada to the north, mexico to the south, the atlantic to its east and the pacific to west美国位于北美中部，北与加拿大，墨西哥南部，大西洋到它的东部和太平洋西部the largest river in the usa is the mississippi river在美国最大的河流是密西西比河some of the world famous universities like harvard yale and mit are located in new england一些世界著名的大学，如哈佛大学耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院都坐落在新英格兰niagara falls is located on the us-canadian border between lake erie and lake ontario尼亚加拉大瀑布位于美国和加拿大之间的边界伊利湖和安大略湖the largest minority in the united states is the blacks在美国最大的少数民族是黑人the immigrants act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the united states ,particularly from europe1924年的移民法进一步限制进入美国的移民，特别是来自欧洲the characteristic of dominant american culture is english-speaking ,westerneuropean ,protestant and middle-class美国主流文化的特点是讲英语，西欧，新教和中产阶层Chapter9判断america was named after amerigo vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after columbus美国被命名后，到达新的大陆在哥伦布之后的韦斯普奇tthe second continental congress was held in philadelphia ,and the continental army and navy were founded under the command of thomas jefferson第二届大陆会议在费城召开的成立，和大陆的陆军和海军的指挥下，托马斯·杰斐逊 fthe civil war not only put an end to slavery but also decided that america was a single indivisible nation内战不仅杜绝了奴隶制，但还决定，美国是一个不可分割的国家tmany american people approved of the vietnam war许多越南战争的美国人民批准 fduring clinton's term the economy developed steadily resulting in a lower rate of unemployment在克林顿任期内经济稳步发展，导致在一个较低的失业率tin 1990 american troops and the troops from allied nations launched operation desert storm in order to drive iraqi troops out of kuwait在1990年美国军队和盟国的部队发动“沙漠风暴”行动，以推动伊拉克军队赶出科威特taccording to the american administration, saddam hussein and osama bin laden were responsible for the terrorist event on september 11,2011根据美国政府，萨达姆·侯赛因与乌萨马·本·拉丹的恐怖事件负责，九月11,2011Fthe american government regarded iraq a nation among 'the axis of evil'美国政府把伊拉克的国家之间的“邪恶轴心”ton march 19,2003,american and united nation's troops supported by several other countries began an invasion of iraq月19,2003，美国和其他几个国家支持联合国的部队开始了对伊拉克的入侵 falthough the combat operations in iraq are over, it is still hard for america to decide when to withdraw its army虽然在伊拉克的作战行动已经结束，它仍然是美国很难决定何时撤出t选择题the first successful english colony in north america was founded at jamestown in virginia第一次成功的英国殖民地在北美成立于在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦pilgrim fathers are a group of puritans, who came to america to avoid persecution in england 朝圣者的父亲是一组清教徒来到美国，在英国，以避免迫害the seven years war occurred between the french and british七年战争，法国和英国之间发生'no taxation without representation 'was the rallying slogan of the people of the 13 colonies“无代表不征税”的13个殖民地的人民的凝聚力口号the first shots of the american war of independence were fired in lexington美国独立战争在列克星敦的第一炮in may 1775,the second continental congress was held in philadelphia and beganto assume the functions of a national government在1775年5月，第二届大陆会议在费城召开，并开始一个国家的政府承担的职能abraham lincoln issued emancipation proclamation to grant freedom to all slaves亚伯拉罕·林肯颁布“解放宣言”给予自由向所有从站the policy of the united states was neutrality at the beginning of the two world wars在两次世界大战的开始，美国的政策是中立president roosevelt applied new deal to deal with the problems of the great depression美国总统罗斯福实行了新的协议，解决大萧条的问题the vietnam war was a long-time suffering for americans ,and it continues throughout the terms of presidents eisenhower, kennedy and johnson越南战争对美国人来说，是一个长期的痛苦，并继续在整个总统艾森豪威尔，肯尼迪和约翰逊。
自考英语国家概况精讲系列第五章
第五章The Rise and Fall of the British Empire （1688-1990）⼤英帝国的兴衰I. Whigs and Tories辉格党⼈和托利党⼈These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution （1688）。
这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣⾰命。
The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party.辉格党⼈是指那些反对绝对王权，⽀持新教徒宗教⾃由权利的⼈。
辉格党⼈在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党⼈组盟组成⾃由党。
The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.托利党⼈是指那些⽀持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的⼈。
托利党是保守党的前⾝。
I. Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century18世纪末的农业⾰命During the late 18th and early 19th centuries， the “open-field” system ended when the Enclosure Act was passed. The movement lasted for centuries. Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results：18世纪末、19世纪初的农业⾰命期间，随着《圈地法》的颁布，传统的“开放⽥地”制结束。
英语国家概况-英国Unit 5 Judiciary
2. Source of Law
Common law Statute law European Union Law
2.1 Common law 习惯法
Developed over the centuries through court decisions but unmodified in previous legal cases, called precedents 判例 Different from written codes derived from Roman law
3.1 Criminal courts
Minor criminal offenses: summary offences （轻罪/违纪） simple theft or vandalism(故意损害） heard in local magistrates‘ courts either by 3 lay magistrates (Justics of the Peace, JPs) or a professional stipendiary magistrate（治安 官）
England, Wales and Northern Ireland: common law system Scotland: a hybrid system—the common law and the civil law system England and Wales: one court system—the principal one in the UK The immigration, the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal‘s jurisdiction ---to the whole of the UK
英语国家概况BritishChapter5Edu
Stanford University
A top ranked research university in the United States, known for its strength in engineering, computer science, and the sciences
Education Reform and Development Trends
• Interdisciplinary approach: There is a growing recognition of the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to education, with schools and universities sourcing students to study a broad range of subjects to develop a more theoretical understanding of the world
The UK is popular for its royal family and has a royal palace, Buckingham Palace, which is a symbol of the country's history and culture
The UK is also known for its museums, galleries, and teachers, such as the British Museum, the National Gallery, and the Royal Shakespeare Company
• Higher Education: Competitions of universities and colleges offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, as well as professional qualifications
英语国家概况必背-英语国家概况答案
英语国家概况精讲：第一章英国的国土与人民Chapter 1： Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)
判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flowsthrough western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5.HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and thetownspeople.(F)7.The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British andthe Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of theBritish government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties inParliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar interms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the Britisheconomic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old LaborParty and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economicpolicy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independentsystem.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSEexamination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famousuniversities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the wo rld’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywoodand Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation DesertStorm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the SupremeCourt, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in theearly 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreigntrade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern forits size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through theefforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1 ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 2 DDCC ABAC1. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the followingbranches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 ACDC DBAC1. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end ofWord War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry Chapter 5 DCBB CCDA1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining fundsfrom all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with theexception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 millionviewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularlyfrom .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a nationalgovernment.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10 BCBD CCDC1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 11 BCBD CCDC1. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following in ventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the followingexcept .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 CBBB CBBB1. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its seriousattitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 11.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?√They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empire including about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world’s landmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools inBritain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects like cooking andcarpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the so uth also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to w ork for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs aw ay from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? √√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equip ment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to e ncourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as t o reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the federal government and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25 years old anda U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the Supreme Court in the USA？√√a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of politicalopinions?Generally speaking, the Democrats Party has a liberal ideology, while the Republicans Party is more conservative.The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emp hasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a str ong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that t he government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose co mplete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyardsto build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy? √√After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,s urged ahead.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not onl y advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?。
《英语国家概况》- Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
第五章英帝国的兴衰Ⅰ.辉格党人和托利党人这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命，皆以绰号命名。
辉格是对牧牛人的贬称，而托利是爱尔兰语歹徒的意思。
泛泛而言，辉格人是指那些反对绝对王权、支持新教徒享有宗教自由权利的人们。
第一位沙夫茨伯雷伯爵(1621-1683)被视为辉格党首任领袖。
托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。
辉格党人在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人结盟组成自由党。
托利党则为保守党的前身，至今还保留托利党这个绰号。
在19世纪初，辉格党没有特定的纲领，也不是现代意义上团结一致的政党。
他们还没有组建政党结构，例如没有政党基金。
辉格党人主张：(1)削弱王权(比如任命政府重要官员的权力)；(2)同情非国教教徒(即已脱离国教的卫理公会及其他新教派别)；(3)保护商人和银行家的利益。
大多数辉格党人赞同某种形式的议会改革，但就改革的深度不能达成一致。
(例如:允许商人投票吗?或者允许所有的男性有选举权吗？)托利党人是一批持传统观点的人。
他们主张保留君主和英格兰教会的权力。
他们不喜欢非国教教徒，认为他们是对英格兰教会的一大威胁。
他们想严格地维护法律与秩序，害怕下层造反。
他们并不总是赞同改革，尤其坚决反对议会改革，他们只同意某些人道主义改革。
议会中还有另一派观点，支持者较少。
他们是激进派分子，认为只有彻底的改革才能解决根本问题。
议会成员中只有少数激进派分子，但在18世纪末、19世纪初他们非常活跃，广泛散播激进观点。
他们的一个共同目标是彻底改革议会制度。
激进派分子深受杰拉米·本汉姆"功利主义"哲学的影响。
本汉姆认为政府的功能应是"取得最大多数人的最大幸福"。
他认为有两种办法做到这一点：(1)政府和行政应尽可能高效。
任何低效和无用的事情都应改革(例如，教育制度，监狱制度和议会)；(2)政府应尽可能少地干涉人民的个人生活。
激进派分子倡导"不干涉主义"，这是一种激进的自由贸易观点，因为他们认为进出口关税干涉了贸易的自然流通。
英语国家概况Chapter5
Higher Education (Cont.)
Q. What’s the difference between time range required for degrees in British higher education system and the time range in Chinese higher education system?
• It is also known as the Street of Shame, reflecting the birth of scandals which take place.
Chapter 5 Education, Media and
Holidays
英 语 国 家 概 况
CONTENT
I
Education
II
Media
III Holidays and Festivals
I
Education
Educational Policy Educational System
Educational Policy
3 to 5 years
Famous Universities (Cont.)
• Oxford University and Cambridge University are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge.
Oxford Crest
Cambridge Crest
• Late 18th and early 19th century
Reasons: 1. The British economy began to industrialize; 2. The democratic franchise民主选举权 was
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)教材的配套题库(第五章 英帝国的兴衰The Rise and
第五章英帝国的兴衰The Rise and Fall of the British Empire(1688-Present)Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.After World WarⅡ,the first two colonies of the old British Empire that became free were______and______.（首都师范大学2008研）【答案】Jordan;India【解析】二战后，英属殖民地中约旦和印度最先获得独立。
2.British political parties date from the_____century,when the_____and the_____ parties appeared during the time of the Revolution of1688.【答案】17th;Whig;Tory【解析】英国政党始于17世纪，在1688年革命时期出现了辉格党和托利党。
辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。
托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。
3.The Whigs and the Tories originated from the Glorious Revolution became_____ in the mid-19th century.【答案】the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party【解析】辉格党（Whigs）和托利党（Tories）源于光荣革命。
辉格党后来发展成为自由党，托利党后来发展成为保守党。
Ⅱ.Answer the following questions.1.Why did the Industrial Revolution first take place in Britain?【答案】Because Britain had some special conditions which no other country could match. These conditions are:the accumulation of capital;the development of capitalistic farming;the appearance of a labor reserve;and the expansion of markets,domestic and foreign.2.How did the Industrial Revolution exert a great influence on both British society and the world?【答案】The Industrial Revolution was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval.It exerted a great influence on both British society and the world. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production.It began to produce large quantity of low-priced goods in a more efficient manner.New cities came into being;population increased;the home market was enlarged.The British goods almost achieved a monopoly situation in the world market.A factory system was established.Workers were employed and managers became capitalists.Two conflicting classes were born.3.How would you contrast the British Liberal and Conservative parties between 1860and1890?（对外经贸大学2001研）【答案】In Britain,two-party system has been practiced over a long period of time.In the 17th century,there emerged the Whig Party and the Tory Party.These two parties developed into the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party respectively in the mid-19th century.Then the two new parties took turns in office until the early20th century.Both of them stood for the interests of the capitalist class.However,the Liberal Party abided by liberalism and asked for free trade as well as free government,while the Conservative Party stuck to conservatism in order to meet the needs of political and economic development.4.Explain and analyze Britain’s foreign policy principles after World WarⅡ.（北外2009研）【答案】Its foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in a number of important international institutions.More important to Britain in the day to day running of its affairs is its membership in the EU.Britain joined the European Economic Community in1973,which is now called the EU.Britain’s participation in the EU remains controversial.At the center of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become.The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.Britain likes to regard the EU as a place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible.But Britain has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its nationalsovereignty to a European government.The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States.During World War Two,the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years,because they had many things in common about the past and the world situation.Even today,British and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many respects.However,Britain’s special relationship with the United States has gone through many ups and downs.The British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy actions can be limited by the United States.What’s more,the contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits.Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy makers is its history.Because British lost its empire so recently,British policy makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs.They tend to retain very conservative and traditional views of Britain’s role as a world power.The Britain is still tightly tied with the Commonwealth,which was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.Most of Britain’s foreign aid goes to the Commonwealth members.Another influence upon the British foreign policy is geopolitical factor.Britain is an island state,and this is considered an important psychological factor which has influenced Britain’s economic and military development.It also created a sense of psychological isolation in its inhabitants.。
英语国家概况(中英)(57页)
英语国家概况（An Overview ofEnglishSpeaking Countries）一、英国（United Kingdom）1. 地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北边缘，由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和若干小岛组成。
2. 首都：伦敦（London），是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约6600万，其中英格兰占最大比例。
5. 国旗：英国国旗被称为“米字旗”，由蓝、白、红三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：英国是世界上发达国家之一，拥有强大的金融、工业和科技实力。
7. 教育体系：英国教育体系享誉世界，牛津、剑桥等世界知名学府坐落于此。
8. 文化特色：英国有着丰富的历史文化底蕴，如莎士比亚、牛顿、披头士乐队等均诞生于此。
同时，英国也是现代足球的发源地。
二、美国（United States of America）1. 地理位置：美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，南接墨西哥湾和加勒比海，北邻加拿大。
2. 首都：华盛顿特区（Washington, D.C.），是美国政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约3.3亿，是世界上第三人口大国。
5. 国旗：美国国旗被称为“星条旗”，由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的科技创新能力和金融市场。
7. 教育体系：美国教育资源丰富，世界顶尖大学如哈佛、斯坦福等均位于此。
8. 文化特色：美国文化多元化，涵盖了欧洲、亚洲、非洲等多种文化元素。
好莱坞电影、NBA篮球、美式足球等在全球具有广泛影响力。
三、加拿大（Canada）1. 地理位置：加拿大位于北美洲北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接北冰洋，南邻美国。
2. 首都：渥太华（Ottawa），是加拿大的政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语和法语4. 人口：约3800万，是世界上面积第二大国家。
5. 国旗：加拿大国旗被称为“枫叶旗”，由红、白两色组成。
6. 经济：加拿大经济发达，资源丰富，特别是石油、天然气和矿产资源。
主要英语国家概况chapter5 education课件
criticized
Dividing the children into different trends at an early age
Series of reform and changes:
a new type of school (1960s):
Universities
Grammar School Technical School Secondary Modern School
1. Educational Policy
Compulsory: 5-16 years old (1944) (China: 9 years compulsory,1986) Four stages: Primary (5-11) Secondary (11-16) Further education (2 years) Higher education (18)
Oxford University
Cambridge University
Boat-racing
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
stions:
1. What do you know about Chinese education? 2. What is Chinese Primary School like? 3. What is the class in Chinese primary school like? 4. How do you teach your student?
3. Higher Education
Britain’s universities
Legally independent Complete academic freedom No national entrance examination School references plus an interview Funded by central government grants
《英语国家概况》Unit 5 American Economy课件
American Economy General Survey
Deficit
American economy is deficit financing. 1. $23 billion during WWⅠ 2. $13 billion more during the 1930s 3. $200 billion more during WWⅡ 4. By 1998 the gross federal debt has reached $ 2 trillion 5. Interest on the federal debt is over $ 150 billion a year.
1. Manufacturing 2. High Technology 3. Heavy Industry 4. Aviation 5. Car Industry
American Economy Industries ------Sectors
Manufacturing
The US manufacturing industry is the largest in the world, almost 3 times the size of Japan.
3. The conference also set up the IMF (International Monetary Fund), the World Bank, and GATT( the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), later known as WTO, it is a world trading system.
英语国家概况_第五课_美国概况_The_United_States_of_America
Population
Total Population: 331 million (04/2011) Population Distribution
Population Composition
In the 20th decennial U.S. census, taken in 1980, the resident population in the United States numbered 226,547,346. About 188.3 million (83.2%) were classified as white, 26.5 million (11.7%) as black, and 11.7 million (5.1%) as members of other races.
50statesalabama阿拉巴马州alaska阿拉斯加州arizona亚利桑那州arkansas阿肯色州california加利福尼亚州colorado科罗拉多州connecticut康涅狄格delawareflorida佛罗里达州georgia佐治亚州hawaii夏威夷idahoillinois伊利诺伊州indiana印第安纳州iowakansas堪萨斯州kentucky肯特基州louisiana路易斯安那州maine缅因州maryland马里兰州massachusetts马萨诸塞州michiganminnesota明尼苏达州mississippi密西西比州missouri密苏里州montana蒙大拿州nebraskanevada内华达州newhampshire新罕布什尔州newjersey新泽西州newmexico新墨西哥州newyork纽约州northcarolinanorthdakotaohio俄亥俄州oklahomaoregon俄勒冈州pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州rhodeisland罗德岛southcarolinasouthdakotatennessee田纳西州texas德克萨斯州utah犹他州vermontvirginia维吉尼亚州washington华盛顿州westvirginia西维吉尼亚州wisconsin威斯康辛州wyomingmapnewenglandnewenglandmadeupmainenewhampshirevermontmassachusettsrhodeislandnewenglandsometimescalledchiefcenteramericanwarnationsfirstindustrialarea
英语国家概况第五章知识点
Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire（1688-Present）第01 The Industrial RevolutionI. The Industrial Revolution1. Whigs（辉格党）and Tories（托利党）1）Whigs – first leader was First Earl of Shaftsbury （沙夫茨伯雷第一伯爵）– cattle drivers（牧牛人）– for parliamentary reform – liberal party:① reduce Crown patronage;② sympathy for Nonconformists;③ care for merchants and bankers.【译文】第五章英帝国的兴衰（1688—现在）Ⅰ.工业革命1.辉格党和托利党1）辉格党——首任领袖是沙夫茨伯雷第一伯爵——牧牛人——议会改革——自由党：①削弱王权；②同情非国教教徒；③保护商人和银行家的利益。
2）Tories – thugs（暴徒）– against parliamentary reform – conservative party:① preserve king & church of England;② dislike nonconformists;③ afraid of mod riot;④ obey law.【译文】托利党——暴徒——反对议会改革——保守党①保留君主和英格兰教会；②喜欢非国教教徒；③害怕下层阶级造反；④遵守法律。
Whigs and Tories（辉格党和托利党）（名词解释）★★① These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution （1688）.② Both were known by nicknames: Whigs was a derogatory name for cattle drivers, Tories an Irish word meaning thugs. ③ The Whigs opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists.④ The Whigs became known as the Liberal Party in 19th century.⑤ The Tories supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. ⑥ The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.【译文】辉格党和托利党①这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。
英语国家概况_第五课_美国概况_The_United_States_of_America
Ireland
70, 280
4, 156, 000
65%
204, 164 (42rd)
10, 084, 369 2rd
38, 816 (12nd)
7, 518 (93rd)
China
9, 597, 000
1,330,045,000
46.6%
The United States is a varied land - of forests, deserts, mountains, high flat lands and fertile plains. The country lies mostly in the temperate zone but there is a very wide range of climate variations. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. Alaska is the largest in area of the 50 states; Texas is the second largest. Appalachian Mountains in the East, Rocky Mountains in the West. Mississippi River and Missouri River Five Lakes: Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario
《英语国家概况》Unit 5 British judiciary课件
2.3 Scottish court system
Court system in Scotland
Cases are tried in district courts（区法院）, sheriff courts（郡法院） and the High Court of Justiciary. The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court of Scotland. The main civil courts are the sheriff courts and the Court of Session. 苏格兰高等法院 最高民事法院
Statue of Justice
2.2 The British legal system
What are the sources of law?
The law of the United Kingdom consists of several independent legal systems, which use common law principles, civil law principles, or both. England and Wales as well as Northern Ireland use the common law system, while Scotland uses a hybrid system, which combines elements from the common law and the civil law system. 混合的；习惯法；民法
2.3 The court system
How does the court system function?
英语国家概况(修订版)Chapter 5
Better funded Better teachers Better facilities Better chance to enter famous universities
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Hale Waihona Puke A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Eton college
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Primary and Secondary Education
Winchester College
one of the oldest of the great public schools of England (dating from 1382)
—for universities admittances
GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications)
—for vocational training
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Education in Britain is divided into four stages: primary secondary further education higher education
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Recognized world-class qualification High quality assessment in teaching and research Affordable option (3 yrs for under, 1 yr for postgraduate), efficient in terms of time and money Support and Accommodation Service for overseas students High-quality health care (National Health Service) English language support Safe environment as a whole Cross-cultural experience (experiencing the Diverse customs of a major world market place.) Ideal base for travel (easy access to Europe)
3 (third class honours)
Pass (ordinary degree)
Masters:
Distinction
Pass
Doctorate
Pass
Famous universities
River Cam
2012年英国大学综合排名前二十
Why Study in the UK?
自行租屋
Flat 公寓 -Deposit -Contract
the media are central to British leisure culture
90% of Britons over t he age of 15 read a national or local pap er
Secondary School Subjects
Mathematics Science Technology and design Information Technology English Modern Languages (French, German, Spanish) Geography History Social Education Religion Cooking Music Physical education Greek and Latin (grammar and independent schools
Undergraduate Courses
Usually only three years Specialise in one subject Entrance requirements
Good English profieciency
Previous examinations
GCSEs
Taken at age 16, after 5 years in secondary education General Certificate of Secondary Education Minimum 5 subjects As many as twelve
Further education
They can be classified into quality and popular papers. The two types of papers are different in cost, size, content, style & purpose.
Compulsory education from 5 to 16 Soon to be extended to 18 Students follow the National Curriculum There is no requirement to ‘graduate’
The school year
Further Education
Usually for students between 16 and 18 Prepares for university or for a vocation A wide variety of examinations, including ‘A’ levels, Scottish Highers
Required Documents 申請文件
申請表 最高學歷畢業證書 (English version) 最高學歷成績單 (English version) 讀書計畫 英文檢定考試成績 (IELTS 6.5 + or equivalent TOEFL score 237+) 兩封推薦信 其它特別要求 (ex: GMAT or 1000~3500 essays)
Autumn term September – December Half term holiday late Oct – early Nov [1 week] Christmas holiday last week of Dec – first week of Jan [2 weeks] Spring term January – March Half term holiday late Feb [1 week] Easter holiday late March/early Apr [subject to bank holidays [2 weeks] Summer term April – July Half term holiday late May/early June [1 week] Summer holiday mid/late July – early Sept [6 weeks]
The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
Six national stations. Broadcasts: BBC 1, 2, 4, BBC News 24, BBC Choice, BBC Parliament. Radio Channels. No advertising. Worldwide television services (BBC World, BBC Prime)
學費部份： 商理工學系 Business and Science courses : £ 7,500 -£ 10,000+ 文科系 Humanities and Arts courses : £ 7,000 - £ 9,000+ MBA:£ 9,500 - £ 20,000+ 生活費部份： 倫敦地區平均每月生活費用(含食宿、衣服、書籍、 休閒娛樂及旅遊)約為 £ 768，其他地區則約為 £ 600 (一年約 £ 6,000 - £ 10, 000)
Chapter 4
Education, Media, holidays
The Education System in Britain
The Education System
School Further Higher
Education
Education
Education
3
School Education
The Guardian
The Times----oldest daily newspaper
The Press – Quality Press &amjor national daily papers & 10 major Sunday papers, and about 2,000 smaller weekly papers.
nal or local paper
96% of the population watch TV at least once a week
73% of the populatio n listen to the radio on a weekly basis
The Broadcast Media
Television viewing: 3.5 hours/day (including videotapes) 97+% of Britain’s households: ownership of a color television 73%: ownership of a videocassette recorder (VCR) A radio/home 70%: listening to radio on a daily basis
BBC纪录片
《恒河》
《地平线：
《活力星球》 《百慕大三角洲之谜》
《野性加勒比
《星际漫游》
《探潜鲨鱼火山》
《太空漫游》
《神秘的玛雅》
《冷血生命》
Newspapers
The Observer The Times
published every Sunday; first appeared in 1791; the world's oldest national newspaper. published in 1785; the United Kingdom‘s oldest daily newspaper. a national daily newspaper which is radical in politics and interested in society and social problems.
Classification of degrees
Bachelors:
1 (first class honours)