我国土壤污染防治存在的问题及治理措施

我国土壤污染防治存在的问题及治理措施

摘要：我国是一个人多耕地少的国家，土壤污染较为严重,采取有效措施防治土壤污染对于合理利用土地、保护人民身体健康、提高人民生活质量具有极其重要的意义。本文从土壤污染的特征着手，分析了我国土壤污染的状况,并提出了积极的防治对策。

土壤污染是指人类活动产生的污染物进入土壤并积累到一定程度，引起土壤环境质量恶化，生物、水体、空气和人体健康产生危害的现象。近年来，随着工业化与城市化的不断发展扩张，我国的土壤污染问题越来越严峻，我们生活在地球上，每时每刻都与土壤发生着密切的关系，没有土壤也就没有人类的生存基础，因而土壤质量的保护与人类的生存与繁衍密不可分。然而，而我国在面对土壤保护这个问题上还需克服很多困难：

1.我国土壤污染的整体情况并不清楚。包括：污染的面积不清楚、

污染物的种类有一部分不清楚、污染的程度有待确定等，这使得我们在制定相关政策和防治措施时不能做到全面，合理有效。2.对土壤污染的判断缺乏统一的标准和方法。缺乏统一的认识、缺

乏合理的土壤环境质量标准等，由于没有一定的很明确的标准的存在，使我们在具体的分析土壤污染状况是存在很多误区，不能明确的指出此类污染究竟到何种程度。

3.土壤污染具有隐蔽性和滞后性。大气、水和废弃物污染等问题一

般都比较直观,通过感官

就能发现。而土壤污染则不同,它往往要通过对土壤样品进行分析化验和农作物的残留检测,甚至通过研究对人畜健康状况的影响才能确定。因此,土壤污染从产生污染到出现问题通常会滞后较长的时间,因此土壤污染问题一般都不太容易受到重视。土壤污染的累积性。污染物质在大气和水体中,一般都比在土壤中更容易迁移。这使得污染物质在土壤中并不象在大气和水体中那样容易扩散和稀释,因此容易在土壤中不断积累而超标,同时也使土壤污染具有很强的地域性。土壤污染具有不可逆转性，土壤污染难治理性。因此,治理污染土壤通常成本较高,治理周期较长。

所以，上述问题的存在，使我国土壤污染治理和保护工作进展缓慢，那么究竟在这种情况下我们可以采取哪些方面的研究来改善土壤污染，或者提高公众和有关机构的突然保护意识，我认为可以从以下几个方面：

1.理论研究

开展土壤质量调查，明确制定土壤质量标准，进行全国性土壤质量普查，在通过调查摸清我国土壤污染总体状况的基础上,研究和建立适合我国国情的土壤环境质量评价和监测标准,制定我国土壤污染防止和治理的战略、对策。从理论方面的研究，来为土壤污染的治理提供

指导。

2．领域研究

分别研究各个土壤的组成成分、微量元素对土壤质量或者人类健康的影响。如研究土壤中的砷，镉，铜等重金属元素的对人类的影响及其寻找治理措施；研究土壤氮磷钾的含量及其土壤肥力，为合理施肥提高土地生产力等方面提供依据。研究土壤生物、微生物以及土壤物质循环从宏观、微观方面全面了解土壤性质等。

3．技术研究

研究各类土壤的自净能力，研究其自我修复能力为土壤修复提供理论依据，加快投入科技力量，把处于实验室阶段的土壤修复研究应用到实际中，加快土壤修复产业的发展。

参考文献：

1.关于土壤污染的概念和3类评价指标的探讨生态与农村环境学

报, 2006 (01).

2.关于我国土壤环境保护研究中一些值得关注的问题辽宁省农业

环境监测保护站

3.我国土壤环境保护现状及对策

4.我国土壤环境标准体系的现状及完善思路

5.我国的土壤污染现状及其防治对策

6.发展土壤修复产业

Abstract: China is a person more arable land countries, soil pollution is more serious, take effective measures to prevent soil pollution for the rational use of land, protecting the people has the extremely vital significance of physical health, improve people's quality of life. In this paper, from the characteristics of soil pollution to proceed, analysis of soil pollution in China, and puts forward the countermeasure actively.

Soil pollution refers to the pollutants produced by human activity into the soil and accumulated to a certain extent, caused the deterioration of soil environment quality, biological, water, air and human health hazards phenomenon. In recent years, with the continuous development of the expansion of industrialization and urbanization, China's soil pollution problems are becoming more and more serious, we live on earth, all the time and the soil has a close relationship, not the soil is not the foundation of human

existence, and thus the survival and reproduction of human protection and soil quality is closely related to the. However, while China in the face of soil conservation on this issue still need to overcome a lot of difficulties:

The overall situation of the 1 Soil Contamination in China is not clear. Including: the species pollution area is not clear, the pollutant has a part is not clear, the degree of contamination is yet to be determined, which makes us can not be fully in the formulation of relevant policies and measures of prevention and control, reasonable and effective.

Soil pollution 2 to judge the lack of unified standards and methods. The lack of a unified understanding, lack of soil environmental quality standard and reasonable, because there is no standard clearly the existence of certain, so that we in the concrete analysis of soil pollution is that there are many mistakes, not clear whether and to what extent such pollution.

3 therefore, the existence of the above problems, the progress of China's soil pollution control and protection work is slow, so how in this case we can take on what aspects to improve the soil pollution or increase suddenly to protect the public and relevant agencies consciousness, I think can from the following several aspects: