科技英语翻译 课后答案

科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。

驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。

第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。

我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。

空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。

第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。

双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。

1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。

（直译）这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。

（意译）The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。

（意译）要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。

（意译）第4节翻译练习2The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。

（合译）太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。

（分译）医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。

（分译）These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。

（分译）制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。

前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。

（分译）第4节翻译练习3Cartography is the science of making maps.Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。

（增译）人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。

（增译）The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。

（增译）同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。

（省译）第4节翻译练习4Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。

向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。

通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。

2.1 词义的选择第1节翻译练习1The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles.In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。

（介词）粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。

（名词）地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。

（形容词）An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.Her waist measures forty inches round.电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。

（动词）她腰围40英寸。

（副词）第1节翻译练习2Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.Certain isotopes are not found in nature.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。

求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。

科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。

有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。

New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.Kangaroos are found in Australia.This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.Plastics find wide application in our daily life.大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。

这种植物生长在近河口的海中。

新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。

微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。

塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。

第2节翻译练习1The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。

（技术性引申）通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。

（技术性引申）大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。

（修辞引申）The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors.元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。