招投标文件翻译(一)-课件
标书中英文翻译
1. 投标书Tender1.1 投标人应完整地填写招标文件中提供的商务投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表(包括投标报价汇总表和分项报价表)。
价格表（表中项目除价格数字外都要填写）及报价说明三份（一正二副）和投标人银行保函应分别单独密封，随投标文件一同递交。
Among the tender documents, tenderers shall fill out completely the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation. The Quotation (all items in the Quotation shall be filled out except for the prices) and three copies (one Original and two Duplicates) of the Instructions to Quotations as well as the letter of guarantee from the bank of tenderers must be sealed separately, and be submitted together with the tender documents.1.2 在投标文件澄清后提交的附件6价格表部分正、副本应用信封单独密封，封面上注明项目名称、招标编号、投标人名址、“正本”“副本”字样及“分项价格”和“保密”字样。
同时提供单独密封的价格表电子版本一份（WORD格式）。
The Attachment 6 to be submitted after the tender documents have been clarified the Original and Duplicate copies of the Quotation must be sealed separately in different envelops, on which the item names, tender codes, tenderer addresses, words o f ‘Original’, ‘Duplicate’ and ‘Item Price’ and ‘Confidential’ must be written. An e-version of the Quotation (in WORD format) that is separately sealed must be furnished at the same time.标书翻译2. 投标报价Tender Offers2.1 投标人应在投标报价汇总表和投标分项报价表上标明本合同拟提供货物的单价(如适用)和总价。
08版国际招标范本(中英文)
3.1合同中提供的所有货物及其有关服务的原产地，均应来自上述2.2条款规定的合格来源国/地区。本合同的支付也仅限于这些货物和服务。
All goods and related services to be supplied under the contract shall have their origin in eligiblesource counties, as defined in clause 2.2 above, and all expenditures made under the contract willInstructions to Biddersbe limited to such goods and services.
招标文件共8章，分装两册。各册的内容如下：
The content of the bidding documents will be separated into8 Sectionstwo volumes as follows:
第一册
Volume1:
第1章投标人须知
Section IInstructions to Bidders
The Bidder shall bear all costs associated with the preparation and submission of its bid, and theTendering Agent and the Tenderer, named in the Bid Data Sheet, will in no case be responsibleor liable for those costs, regardless of the conduct or outcome of the bid process.
招投标英语
招标人Tenderee投标人tenderer招标IFB（invitation for bid）；public bidding履约保函performance security投标保函bid security标的物subject matter招标通知tender announcement招标邀请书invitation to bid招标通知tender notice招标文件bid document招标条件general conditions of tender招标截止日期closing date for the tender；deadline for the tender submission 投标submission of the tender；to submit the tender投标方，投标商the tenderer，the bidder投标押金，押标金bid bond投标文件tender document投标书the form of tender投标评估evaluation of bids愿意/不愿意参加投标be willing/unwilling to participate in the bid我们拟参加……的投标we wish to tender for……我们同意遵守以上规定的投标条款。
We agree to abide by or subject to the conditions of tender set forth hereinabove. 资格预审prequalification询价inquiry询价请求，询价单request or requisition for inquiry报价quotation报价表格form of quotation升价，提价price increase or increase in price不适当的（如用电话）或不负责任的报价将被拒收。
An improper（e.g.by telephone）or irresponsible quotation may be rejected.标底base price of the tender报标bid quotation评标evaluation of tender议标tenders discussion or discussion on the tenders决标tender decision or decide the successful tenderer开标bid opening中标win a tender or the successful bidder中标者the winning/successful bidder，the successful tenderer未中标者the unsuccessful tenderer中标函letter of acceptace商务标书the business tender技术标书the technical tender采购procurement对投标人进行的投标资格预审pre-qualification投标资格预审文件pre-qualification documents对投标人进行的投标资格后审post-qualifyPre-bid meeting：标前会，是招标人在投标人提交投标书以前组织投标人参加的项目介绍调研会议，旨在向投标人交代清楚诸如工程范围、技术经济要求等内容，澄清招标文件中可能存在的疑议。
招投标文献英文翻译
Building engineering biddingAbstract: Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses onhow to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is important to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or failure of the biddingwork.Because the success or failure of the bidding for the survival and development of enterprise has a direct impact, so we have a high quality, improve the bid documents of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear, become a research topic.key : bidding drawbacks of unfair competition countermeasuresBidding is a form of project transactions, project bidding process is to determinethe successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project, project bidding work of a very important link, do a good job bidding to determine the price, we can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equitable market environment, create orderly competition mechanism. Bidding in construction activities, construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful,And from the contracted projects profitable, it needs to integrate various subjective and objective conditions, the tender research strategy determine tender. Tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills. All of the strategies and skills from the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objective understanding of the law and of the actual situation understanding, but also withthe contractor's decision-making ability and courage are closely related.Bidding documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. The bidding documents will specify that How toconduct each bidding work, how to dispatch bidding documents, the requirements fortenderer,how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding. Therefore, thepersonnel who is responsible for prepare bidding documents should first have ageneralview of the bidding work, include all the requirements and arrangements intothe bidding documents. If meet problems that have not been considered previously, then resolve them one by one during the preparation. The course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme .In another respect, bidding documents is also the legal instruments. Besides relevant law and rules, the bidding documents are the common game rules that bidder,bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. Bidding documents are the legal instruments that all the three bidding related parties should subject to, have legal force, therefore, the bidding documents -making personnel required to have the awareness and quality of legal in order to reflect the fair, just andlegal requirement in the bidding documents.In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing China's construction market, improve the construction quality and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. This project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the People's Republic of China for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated.Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. This article focuses onhow to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively.In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing China's construction market, improve the construction quality and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. This project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the People's Republic of China for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated.The practice of project bidding purpose is to market competition of openness, fairness and justice. However, due to the construction market development is not standard, management system and the experience of inadequate, architectural engineering bidding in concrete operation exist in ACTS of unfair competition, and some drawbacks. This obviously violate the bidding, the bidding process, and will lose its significance for other bidder fails to bid is unjust, disturbed the bidding (project contracting market economic order, for activities), this kind of behavior must be prohibited, only in this way can we make construction engineering competitive trading activity lawfully healthy. This subject will I learned and social practice, present situation and construction project bidding system is expounded, and the disadvantages of bidding for construction project with ACTS of unfair competition phenomenon and analysis of causes, and finally make corresponding preventive countermeasures.Construction cost management system, both theoretical discussion, but also need to practice innovation. Under the conditions of market economy, project cost management, competitive and orderly market for construction management services platform structures. In such a premise, the original scale and method of valuation is inappropriate, and this needs to be reformed and improved. The spirit of "the government's macro regulation and control, enterprise autonomy offer, the market will price" principle, to implement the implementation specification bill of quantity. Inventory Valuation bidding activities are based on market economy mechanism, based on legal, scientific, fair, open and reasonable way to determine the winning bidder of an economic activity. Bidding is bidding activities constitute two basicaspects. The bidding activity is merely that by bidding to choose the one with the workConstruction process capability, moderate cost, quality is excellent, short duration of construction enterprises, and this is the ultimate goal tender. I have participated ininternships over the course of the project bidding, and completed over part of the calculation of quantities, combined with graduate experience in the design process, a brief analysis of the mode Quantities Call for TenderThe meaning of risk and risk characteristics of the general construction, the lowest price sealed bidding construction method produces several risks and incentives, according to their characteristics discussed the feasibility of risk control and prevention. Comparison of engineering and engineering security risk management, insurance, similarities and differences between the two projects and benefits; construction project bidding and tendering process characteristics of human behavior is analyzed to reveal the bidder's risk appetite and behavioral characteristics with changes in the external environment change, when the default punishment is light, thebidder preference appetite for risk and default penalties, with the increase exceeds a certain value, the risk of bidders to show preference for behavior change to avoid therisk of penalties, the greater the bidder biased in favor of a more risk-averse behavior,the results of the control and prevention of risk behavior of bidders has an important and practical significanceConstruction Cost Management from the "quantity-one price" plan model to "price of separation volume" model of the market, and gradually establish a market price-based price formation mechanism, the price of the decision in the hands of the parties involved in the market, and ultimately the allocation of resources through the market in order to realize through the market mechanism to decide on project cost. This will standardize the construction market-competitive behavior and the promotionof project bidding mechanisms play an important role in innovation. It can be saidthat the implementation of the project bill of quantities is a project cost management system in our country a big step forward, but also in China's accession to the WTO, the global construction industry a powerful tool for peer competition.With the construction of in-depth development of the market, the traditional fixed pricing model no longer suited to market-oriented economic development needs. In order to adapt to the current project bidding by the market needs of a project cost, wemust work on the existing valuation methods and pricing model for reform, the implementation of projects bill pricing. Engineering is a list of pricing model and adapt to the market economy, allowing independent contractor pricing through marketcompetition determine prices, with the international practice of pricing model. With the bill pricing model projects to promote, in accordance with international bidding practices is imperative. Therefore, "the lowest reasonable price of the successful bidder" My future is the most important evaluation methods. At this stage due to the implementation of projects bill pricing model and the problems mainly against China atthis stage " in the minimum reasonable price of the principles of the successful bidder, most contractors have not yet set up their own enterprises of scale, companiesunable to determine the reasonable Cost. This article is a scientific and fast set "reasonable cost" to study the key. First, from the project cost of the basic concept, ofthe engineering bill pricing model under the cost structure, to accurately predict costsof the project provided the basis, considering the average cost of the social cost to individual enterprises and the tender stage of the cost estimates. Followed through onfuzzy math and technology for smooth in-depth analysis, through "close-degree," the concept of reasonable fuzzy math and exponential smoothing technologies, construction of the project cost vague prediction model, and in accordance with the relevant information and statistics Information and experience to establish a "framework structure," the comparison works Construction Cost Management fromthe "quantity-one price" plan model to "price of separation volume" model of the market, and gradually establish a market price-based price formation mechanism, theprice of the decision in the hands of the parties involved in the market, and ultimatelythe allocation of resources through the market in order to realize through the market mechanism to decide on project cost. This will standardize the constructionmarket-competitive behavior and the promotion of project bidding mechanisms play an important role in innovation. It can be said that the implementation of the project bill of quantities is a project cost management system in our country a big step forward, but also in China's accession to the WTO, the global construction industry a powerful tool for peer competition.A healthy bidding system should be in accordance with the "open, fair and justice" and the principle of good faith, and establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly construction market. In view of the current problems existing in the bidding process, adopt regulations, and formulate and perfect the institution, strengthening process supervision measures, they can better regulate construction market order, prevent corruption from its source, purify construction market, promote the construction market order progressively toward standardization, institutionalized, and constantly improve the quality and level of the bidding work.建筑项目招投标摘要:目前在工程建设项目行业中 以工程招投标为特征的建筑市场已经形成 施工企业为创造良好经济效益 必须严格控制成本 加强成本控制管理 才能提高市场适应能力和竞争力。
商务英语笔译实务课件 Unit29 招投标文本的翻译
三 语言特点与翻译技巧
2）情态动词 由于招投标文件是具有法律效力的，如同法规性文件一样，所以在翻译过程中
在情态动词的选用上特别要慎重。will，shall，should，may，must 各司其职， 不可混淆。在招标、采购过程中，招标方处于居高临下的地位，对投标人提出 的总额倾向于使用带有强制性含义的shall或 must。显然 shall并不是单纯表示 未来的助动词，而是表示命令的情态动词“应该”。此外“应该”也并非日常 所说的“应当”“、适宜”，而是“必须”，非此不可。在招标方说到自己须 履行某种义务时，却总是极力淡化语言强度，避免使用 shall 或 must，而较多 选用 will，should，甚至选用may，表“愿意”或“可以”，此时语气已弱化。
例1：The bidder shall bear all costs associated with the preparation and submission of its bid.
译文：投标人须承担由于编制和提交其投标书而引起的一切费用。
三 语言特点与翻译技巧
招标文件翻译
招标文件翻译标题：招标文件翻译引言概述：招标文件翻译是指将招标文件从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的过程。
在国际贸易和合作中，招标文件翻译扮演着重要的角色，确保各方在招标过程中能够准确理解和遵守相关规定。
本文将从招标文件翻译的必要性、翻译流程、注意事项、专业术语翻译和质量控制等方面进行详细探讨。
一、招标文件翻译的必要性1.1 确保各方准确理解招标要求招标文件是招标方向潜在投标者提供的重要文件，包含了招标项目的要求、标准和程序等内容。
翻译招标文件可以确保各方准确理解招标要求，避免因语言障碍导致的误解和纠纷。
1.2 促进国际合作与交流在国际贸易和合作中，招标文件通常需要翻译成多种语言，以便吸引更多的国际投标者参预。
通过翻译招标文件，可以促进国际合作与交流，拓展市场和合作机会。
1.3 遵守法律法规在一些国家和地区，招标文件翻译是法律规定的必要步骤。
为了遵守相关法律法规，招标方需要将招标文件翻译成当地语言，以确保招标程序的合法性和有效性。
二、招标文件翻译的流程2.1 确定翻译需求在进行招标文件翻译之前，需要确定翻译的语言对和范围，以及翻译的时间和成本预算等方面的需求。
2.2 选择合适的翻译团队选择经验丰富、熟悉相关领域的翻译团队是确保翻译质量的关键。
翻译团队应具备专业知识和语言技能，能够准确理解和翻译招标文件的内容。
2.3 进行翻译和校对翻译团队在翻译招标文件时，需要确保翻译准确、流畅、符合语境，并进行严格的校对和审校工作，以确保翻译质量和准确性。
三、招标文件翻译的注意事项3.1 保护商业机密招标文件通常包含商业机密和敏感信息，翻译团队需要严格遵守保密协议，确保不泄露招标方的商业机密。
3.2 理解专业术语招标文件中常包含大量的专业术语和行业名词，翻译团队需要具备相关领域的专业知识，确保准确理解和翻译这些术语。
3.3 保持风格一致性招标文件翻译需要保持与原文风格一致，避免浮现翻译风格不统一的情况，以确保整体的翻译质量和专业性。
第1章招投标(Tendering)【国际工程实务英语】
Chapter 1 招投标(Tendering) 第一节招标的类型Types of Bidding竞争性招标competitive bidding协商性招标negotiated bidding竞标与协商相结合的招标combined bidding and negotiation第二节招投标活动Tendering Activities一、招投标程序Tendering Procedure1、招标前的活动Pre-tendering activities●对承包商的招标初步意向询问Preliminary inquiry to contractors●对投标人的资格预审Pre-qualification of tenderers2、邀请招标，发放招标文件Inviting tenders and supplying documents●邀请信Letter of Invitation●投标者须知Instructions to Tenderers●合同条件：通用条件和专用条件Conditions of Contract：Consisting ofGeneral Conditions and ParticularConditions●投标书格式Form of Tender●图纸Drawings●技术规格书Specifications●工程量表Bill of Quantity●附加资料表Schedules of Additional Information●资料数据Information Data●回函信封（递送投标书的信封，为了确保准确无误的送达，上面印有业主的地址）Return envelope (An addressedenvelope for the return of tender toensure that each tenderer has the sameand correct address of the Employer) 3、承包商编制投标书[ 'enviləup ]Preparation of tender by contractors●考察现场Visit and inspect the site●如有疑问可向业主提出质询[ 'kwiəri ]Make queries to the Employer (if any)●承包商对现场的形状和性质感到满意The contractor is satisfied with the form and nature of the site●向业主收集资料Collect data from the employer●对业主提供的数据资料进行解释Interpret the data provided by the Employer ●根据数据资料编制标书Prepare tender based on the data●承包商认为中标合同金额是正确和足够Satisfy himself as to correctness andsufficiency of the Accepted ContractAmount●应考虑到合同第13.7和第13.8款，关于成本的增加与减少的规定Consider the provision s in Sub-clauses13.7 & 13.8 regarding increase or decreaseof cost4、提交投标书---附上投标函和投标担保Tender Submission (with Letter of Tender and Tender Security)5、评标与授标Evaluation of Tender and Decision on Award 6、双方就保险条件达成协议Both parties agree on the terms of insurance7、颁发中标函Issue the Letter of Acceptance8、向业主提交履约担保Submission of Performance Security to the Employer 9、签订合同Signing of Contract二、资格预审Prequalification●组织形式和/或合法地位、注册地点和主要经营地等原始文件的复印件[ ə'ridʒənəl ]copies of original documents definingconstitution and/or legal status, place ofregistration and principal place of busines s ●最近五年中每年完成的工程总量的年度营业总额total annual turnover expressed as totalvolume of engineering work carried out in each of the five year●财务报告（包括最近五年中的损益表，平衡表和审计报告，随后一年的财务预测）financial report (including profit and lossstatement s, balance sheets and auditor’sreports for the past five years, and afinancial forecast / an estimated financedprojection for the subsequent year)●信贷额度的使用证据，其他财务资源的可用性evidence of access to lines of credit, andavailability of other financial resources●业主请求时，能（且已被授权）提供证明的银行的名称及地址[ 'ɔ:θəraizd ]name and address of banker(s) who will (and have been authorized to) provide references upon quest by the Employer●作为总承包商最近五年从事的类似性质和规模的工程及目前工程的业绩的详细资料details of performance as prime contractor on works of a similar nature and volume over the past five years and on current works●一份关于执行包括所有权的详细资料在内的合同的承包商设备的主要条款的清单a list of major items of Contractor’sEquipment proposed for carrying out theContract including details of ownership.三、投标者须知Instructions to Tenderers1、说明Introduction1) 定义Definition2) 工程描述Description of Works3) 资金来源Source of Funds [ 'elidʒəbl ]4) 合格的投标人Eligible Tenderers5) 投标费用Cost of Tendering6) 现场考察Site Visit2、招标文件Tendering Documents1) 招标文件内容Contents of Tendering Documents2) 招标文件的澄清Clarification of Tendering Documents 3) 招标文件的修改Amendment of Tendering Documents 3、投标文件的编制Preparation of Tenders1) 投标的语言Language of Tender2) 组成投标书的文件Documents Comprising the Tender3) 定价方法及投标报价Pricing and Tender prices4) 货币要求与汇率Currency Requirements and ExchangeRates5) 证明投标人合格和资格的文件Documents Establishing Tenderers’Eligibility and Qualification6) 投标担保Tender Security7) 投标有效期Tender Validity Period8) 标前会议Pre-tender Meeting9) 投标书的式样和签署Format and Signing of Tender4、投标书的提交Submission of Tenders1) 投标文件的密封和标记Sealing and Marking of Tenders2) 投标截止期Deadline for Submission of Tenders3) 迟交的投标书Late Tenders4) 投标文件的修改、替代与撤回Modification, Substitution andWithdrawal of Tenders [ sʌbsti'tju:ʃən ] 5、开标与评标Opening and Evaluation of Tenders1) 开标Opening of Tenders2) 投标文件的澄清Clarification of Tender Documents3) 投标文件的初审Preliminary Examination of TenderDocuments4) 最终评标价的确定Determination of Final Evaluated TenderPrices5) 错误的修正Correction of Errors6) 评标Evaluation of Tenders6、授予合同Award of Contract1) 资格后审Post Qualification2) 合同授予标准Award Criteria3) 接收投标与拒绝任何或所有投标的权力Right to Accept Tender and to RejectAny or All Tenders4) 中标通知书Notification of Award /Letter of Acceptance5) 签订合同Signing of Contract6) 履约担保Performance Security7) 预付款担保Advance Payment Security附录A：投标保函格式Appendix A: Form of Tender Bond附录B：协议书格式Appendix B: Form of Agreement附录C：现场视察确认书Appendix C: Confirmation of Site Visit附录D：履约保函格式Appendix D: Form of Performance Bond附录E：预付款保函格式Appendix E: Form of Advance PaymentBond附录F：预付款指南Appendix F: Guideline for AdvancePayment四、工程量表（工程量清单）Bill of Quantities (BOQ)1、预备Preliminaries （包括业主的要求及承包商的职责）1) 合同双方的名称Names of parties2) 工程的描述Description of the works3) 合同的形式及种类Form and type of contract4) 承包商将要提供的基本设施General facilities to be provided by thecontractor ……2、序言Preambles（包括……）1) 材料的质量及性能Quality and performance of materials2) 工艺标准Standard of Workmanship3) 材料及工艺的测试the testing of materials and workmanship 4) 材料及工艺样品Samples of materials and workmanship3、工程量明细表Breakdown of bill of quantitiesa) 工种工程量表trade bill of quantitiesb) 单位工程量表elemental bill of quantities4、主要成本和暂定金额Prime cost and provisional sums（备用款）5、附录Appendices [ə'pendisi:z]1) 投标总结tender summary2) 一份主要承包商、分包商名单a list of the main contractors andsubcontractors3) 材料及主要承包商愿意指定分包商投标的工程的基本价目单a basic price list of materials andnominated subcontractor’s work for whichthe main contractor desires to tender五、投标决策Decision to Tender工程应该在规定时间内开工。
建筑工程招投标中英文翻译
Construction biddingConstruction bidding refers to construction products as a commodity exchange transaction forms, which set targets by the purchaser only, the recruitment of a secret offer by a number of vendors to compete, the buyer choose the winners and with the trade agreement reached , then in accordance with protocol strokes.Tendering system, also known as project tender contract system, it refers to the market economy conditions, the method used to achieve the project bidding a project management system contract.Project bidding system is the establishment and implementation of the planned economy under the conditions of the use of simple administrative measures assigned the task of building a major reform measure is to protect market competition, against the monopolization of the market and developing the market economy is an important sign.Tender refers to all bidders based on their ability and management level, in accordance with the provisions of the uniform requirements of tender documents to submit tender documents, work towards implementation of the qualifications.In order to regulate the bidding of the construction market activities to achieve the most optimal allocation of social resources, August 30, 1999 eleven of the Ninth National People's Congress adopted the "PRC Tendering and Bidding Law", marking the steps of the construction project bidding into the legal track.This paper focuses on the bidding process for analysis strategy should be taken. Bidding strategy refers to the successful construction contractor in order to achieve the purpose in the bidding process used by the means and methods, construction project bidding is an important part in using the appropriate bidding strategies and techniques, increase the successful rate bid, but also expectations of larger profits.First, bid decision analysisCompanies may also face multiple projects tendering opportunities, by construction capacity constraints, can not practice all the tendering opportunities, but should be selected in a number of projects; on a specific project, from the perspective of effective, profitable superscript, subscript and the loss of preservation standards, businesses are required features of the project tender and business realities of decision-making, in order to achieve the stated business objectives, such as: access to profitability, capture the market, establish a new corporate image and so on.First, usually the following aspects should be considered in the case:(1) contract tendering possibility and feasibility of the project. The ability to contract the project, and whether the deployment of a management strength, technical strength to participate in project implementation, competitors have obvious advantages. (2) the reliability of tenders. For example, urban planning projects and land use permits and other permit approval have been completed, whether the funds have already been implemented and so on. (3) the tender of the contract conditions.(4) internal factors affect the chances of winning contracts, including enterprises in the technical, economic, management and credit strengths; external factors including the owners and supervision of the Engineer, competitor strength and competitive situation, the law and regulations the situation, project risk and so on.Secondly, if faced with the following conditions should give up the tender: (1) project size, technical requirements exceed the level of enterprise technology projects; (2) the scope and viability of their business outside of the project; (3) Comparison of the enterprise is currently contracted tasks full, and the greater risk of tendering the project; (4) the technological level, management, construction projects was significantly better than competitors.Second, the bidding strategy ofIf you decide to participate in the bidding companies should take the appropriate strategies, and strive to win the bid.1. Access to information, to grasp the situation of information strategy is to develop scientific and rational basis, companies must focus on the tender information collection, collation and processing work on a comprehensive analysis of tender information, grasp its comprehensiveness, timeliness and accuracy. For example: characteristics of the project, materials prices, labor costs level, the credibility of the owners, the investment level of assurance, supervising engineer, the likely situation in competitors, competitive situation and risk issues.2. To Changzhi short, inferior to the winning contractor of construction projects should be an objective analysis of its advantages: first, the technical aspects: (1) The estimates should be proficient in the industry, architects, engineers, accountants, engineers and management experts, the organization institutions; (2) project design, construction expertise, to solve the technical difficulties, and various technical problems of construction capacity. (3) similar projects with the tender of construction experience. (4) certain technical strength of the partnership.Second, theeconomic reality: (1) has the ability to advance funds; (2) have a certain fixed assets and machinery and equipment and putting in the necessary funds; (3) have a certain cash flow of money to pay for construction; ( 4) the ability to pay various security; (5) have to pay various taxes and insurance capacity; (6) have a certain ability to bear the risks of force majeure.At the same time management, should focus on cost control. Shorten the construction period, the quota management, combined with reward and punishment approach; reduce management, multi-skill training of workers; saving materials; the use of advanced construction methods. Have a quality, heavy sense of efficiency, there must be practical measures. Finally, the credibility, the enterprises should comply with laws and regulations, careful attention to ensure the construction safety, duration, and quality. Establish a good reputation, which is an important criterion for successful bidding. A clear grasp of their own advantages in the premise can to Changzhi short.3. Resourceful, take the initiative in the construction market is a buyer's market, competition is intense. Bidders should be based on internal and external conditions, for a variety of programs and measures, on balance, vision, seize the initiative.Third, the tender offer Technical Analysis1. Unbalance unbalanced quotes offer method, is defined in the basic premise of price adjustment of each child within the offer in order to not affect the total price, again as soon as possible after winning bidder may withdraw funds in advance in the works and access to better economic efficiency. Imbalance usually offer the following situations:(1) to be able to recover the closing paragraph of the early projects (such as earthwork, foundation, etc.) may apply for a higher price unit price to take advantage of cash flow; of late projects (such as decorating, electrical installation, etc.) may be appropriate to reduce the unit price. (2) may increase the amount of estimated future works projects, the price can increase, while the number of quantities with errors early projects, the unit can be reduced. However, the above two points to overall consideration. The number of errors for the quantities of early works, such as a scale impossible to complete the number of projects, you can not blindly raise the price, and then determine the need for specific analysis. (3) drawing the content is not clear, it is estimated to increase the amount of the revised project, and its price can be increased.(4) No unit quantities reported the project only, the price should be high. This will not affect the total bid price, but also more profitable. (5) For the preliminary list of items, the possibility of its implementation of largeprojects, the price can be high; estimated that the project can be implemented is not necessarily cheap.2. Improve the sporadic employment offer if the contract bid price rule does not include the sporadic employment, which did not list the number of specific employment, sporadic employment (day laborers) are generally slightly higher than the wages of construction unit price table due to sporadic employment contract does not belong to the scope of a valid contract price, the time of reimbursement, but also more profitable.3. More and more programs offer law programs offer method is the use of engineering design documents, drawings or ambiguity in terms of the contract is not enough to fight to modify the project specifications and contract law for the purpose of a quotation. The tender offer method to reduce risk and avoid unforeseen costs due to increase in the offer is too high to be eliminated. The specific practice is to report the two prices in the tender price, first reported the original engineering specifications of a contract price, the second is to comment, "such as engineering design documents, drawings or contract to do some changes", you can reduce the number of the cost of the offer become the lowest, in order to attract the owners to modify specifications and contract terms.4. Sudden price method is the sudden price method used by competitors to confuse a competitive method. Usually, in preparing bidding process anticipated a good price down, and then deliberately spreading false information, such as intention to abandon standard, according to generally offer or intend to report high and so close to the tender closing date, suddenly went to tender, and reduce the offer to over competitors.5. Some of the first loss after winning method of construction enterprises in order to enter an area or a particular area, relying on its own strength, to take at all costs, but only to offer the winning low bid program. Once successful, you can contract in this area or that area more engineering tasks, to achieve the overall purpose of profit. Construction works contractors bidding tenders, in addition to work on the tender offer, it should also be careful to take other techniques.6. To hire people who ignores the tender bidders location of the project in the bidding for his advice an attorney to assist the successful bidder.7. For lack of combined strength of the tender, a contractor can be combined with otherenterprises, especially the location of the joint projects of advanced technology and equipment company or a famous bid.8. Promised concessions bidders to lower prices or payment terms if required, to improve quality, shorten the construction period, with new technology and new design, and provide additional materials and equipment for free, free, took the training of personnel and so on favorable terms, it should be proposed in the tender documents. Organize to evaluation, generally to be considered for purchase, technical solutions, time, payment conditions and other factors. Therefore, with favorable conditions in the tender documents are conducive for the successful bidder.9. Actively carry out public relations activities, PR activities to promote self-advocacy and the bidder, communication and liaison feelings, establish a good image of the important activities. But not to take illegal means to obtain the successful bidder.The basic principle of bidding is open, fair, just, want to place a transparent procurement environment acts to prevent the occurrence of corruption. Therefore, in the bidding process should be followed state laws and regulations, good good policy to seek the tender procurement activities in the logistics with ease, a winner.建筑工程招投标建筑工程招投标是指以建筑产品作为商品进行交换的一种交易形式，它由惟一的买主设定标的，招请若干个卖主通过秘密报价进行竞争，买主从中选择优胜者并与之达成交易协议，随后按照协议实现招的。
招标文件翻译
招标文件翻译招标文件翻译是指将招标文件从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的过程。
招标文件是指用于招标过程中的各类文件，包括招标公告、投标文件、合同等。
在国际贸易和跨国合作中，招标文件翻译起着重要的作用，它不仅能够帮助企业扩大市场，还能促进各国之间的经济交流与合作。
招标文件翻译的标准格式包括以下几个部分：1. 封面：封面应包含招标文件的标题、招标单位名称、招标文件的版本号、日期等基本信息。
封面的设计应简洁明了，使读者一目了然。
2. 目录：目录列出了招标文件中各个章节的标题和页码，方便读者快速定位所需信息。
3. 说明：说明部分对招标文件的目的、范围、要求等进行详细说明，以便投标人清楚了解招标的背景和要求。
4. 技术规范：技术规范是招标文件中最重要的部分之一，它详细描述了招标项目的技术要求、规格、性能等。
在翻译技术规范时，应确保准确传达原文中的技术信息，避免歧义和误解。
5. 合同条款：合同条款包括了招标项目的合同要求、合同期限、支付方式等。
翻译合同条款时，应特别注意法律术语和商业术语的准确翻译，以保证合同的有效性和可执行性。
6. 报价要求：报价要求是投标人必须遵守的规定，包括了投标文件的格式要求、报价方式、报价有效期等。
在翻译报价要求时，应确保准确传达原文中的要求，避免产生误解和争议。
7. 其他附件：招标文件可能还包括其他附件，如技术图纸、样品要求等。
翻译这些附件时，应根据原文的要求进行准确翻译，并保证与主要文件的一致性。
招标文件翻译的准确性和清晰度对于投标人的理解和参与至关重要。
为了确保招标文件翻译的质量，翻译人员应具备以下几个方面的能力：1. 语言能力：翻译人员应精通源语言和目标语言，并具备良好的语言表达能力。
他们应准确理解原文中的技术术语和商业术语，并能将其准确翻译成目标语言。
2. 专业知识：翻译人员应具备相关领域的专业知识，如工程、建筑、电子等。
他们应了解相关行业的术语和规范，并能准确理解和翻译招标文件中的技术要求和规范。
招标术语翻译
招标术语翻译保密性confidentiality保证金advance payment, security报价quotation备选方案投标alternative bid标准招标文件Standard Bidding Documents SBDs 不可抗力force majeure采购procurement采购代理procurement agent采购公告procurement notice采购计划procurement plan采购决定procurement decision撤标withdrawal of bid承包商contractor澄清要求requests of clarification迟到的标late bid书初步描述preliminary description初步设计preliminary design错误纠正correction of error单一招标或局限性招标s ingle or restricted tendering 到岸价Cost, Insurance, and Freight, CIF非政府组Nongovernmental organization, NGO分包商subcontractor封标sealing of bid腐败corruption付款方式methods of payment付款条件terms of payment附件appendix工厂交货价Ex works, Ex factory, or Off the Shelf, EXW工程范围scope of works工程量清单bill of quantities工程量清单报价priced bill of quantities工期days for construction公开招标open tendering公司总部principal place购买purchase固定总价fixed lump sum国际复兴开发银行(世界银行) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank),IBRD国际复兴开发银行贷款和国际开发协会信贷采购指南GUIDELINES PROCUREMENT UNDER IBRD LOANS AND IDA CREDITS国际竞争性招标international comparative bidding国际开发协会International Development Agency,IDA国民生产总值Gross National Product, GNP国内竞争性招标National Competitive Bidding, NCB 合格标准eligibility criteria合格的投标人eligible bidder 合同价格contract price 合同金额contract amount 核标examination of bid 换标substitution of bid 货交承运人(指定地点) Free Carrier (namedplace),FCA 货物清单list of goods计划完工日期intended completion date 技术规范specifications 监理supervisor 检验代理inspection agent 建设－拥有－经营Build, own, operate, BOO建设－拥有－经营－转让Build, own, operate, transfer, BOOT建设－拥有－转让Build, operate, transfer, BOT建筑工程construction works交货时间delivery time 接受函letter of acceptance 截止时间deadline 截至日期deadline 解释要求requests of explanation局限性招标limited tendering开标bid opening, tender opening, opening of tender 开标地点place of bid opening 开工日期date of commence 联合国United Nations, UN 联合国发展商业报United Nations Development Business, UNDB联营体joint venture两步法招标two-stage bidding 履约保证金performance security 每投标人一标one bid per bidder 评标bid evaluation, evaluation of bid, tender evaluation 评标标准evaluation criteria评标委员会group of adjudicator, bid evaluation committee 欺诈fraud潜在的投标人potential bidder 施工机械construction equipment, construction plant 实质性响应substantial response, be substantially responsive to 事后情况说明debriefing事后审查post review 事前审查prior review 适用法律applicable law 授权书letter ofauthorization 授权书（被授权人必须是律师）power of attorney授予合同award of contract替代方案alternative solution替代建议alternative proposal通用条款general terms and conditions投标保证金bid security, tender security投标保证金bid security投标费用cost of bidding投标函bid letter投标价格bid price投标人bidder, tenderer投标人合格性eligibility of bidder投标人须知instruction to bidders, instruction to tenderers 投标人资质qualifications of the bidder投标书bid, tender投标书澄清clarification of bid投标书的提交submission of bid, submission of tender 投标书有效期validity of bid投标书有效期延长extension of validity of bid投标书语言language of bid投标书组成documents comprising the bid投标邀请invitation for bids, invitation to tenders投标有效性bid availability图纸drawings土建承包civil construction contractor商完工日期date of completion, completion date完税后交Delivered Duty Paid, DDP货违约赔偿liquidated damages现场参观site visit现场查勘site survey现场管理人员site management personnel现场技术人员site technical personnel响应性responsiveness项目评估文件Project Appraisal Document, PAD项目时间表，项目计划project schedule修改标书modification of bid选择性招selective tendering标询价采购shopping银行保函bank guarantee应标response to the bidding documents有限国际招标Limited International Bidding, LIB预付款prepayment运费付至(指定目的地) Carriage Paid To (named place of destination), CPT 运费及保险费付至(目的地) Carriage and Insurance Paid (place of destination),CIP招标代理bidding agency招标附录appendix to tender招标公告notification of bidding, tender notice招标号bidding no., tendering no.招标人tenderer, contracting party, contracting authority, employer招标文件bidding documents, tender documentations, tender documents招标文件澄清clarification of bidding documents招标文件修改amendment of bidding documents招标资料表bidding data sheet, tendering data sheet招投标范围scope of bid争端解决settlement of dispute政府采购法government procurement law政府采购协议government procurement agreement 政府采购指令government procurement directives直接签订合同direct contracting中标标准award criteria中标通知notification of award, award of tender注册地点place of registration专用条款special terms and conditions专用账户Special Account, SA准备投标书preparation of bid, preparation of tender 资格后审postqualification资格预审prequalification资格预审招标prequalified tendering资金来源source of fund资质信息qualification information 自营工程force accounting围标rig up bidding collusion如何翻译挂靠、串标现象资格预审资格后审?To avoid adjunct and bid-rigging, our center set up a bidding agent system. Pre-qualification will be used and for large scale project, post-qualification will be used.。
投标书中英文翻译模板
投标书中英文翻译模板Bidding Document TemplateSection 1: Introduction1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this bidding document is to provide potential suppliers with detailed information about the bidding process and requirements for a specific project.1.2 ScopeThis bidding document covers the translation services required for [Project Name]. Suppliers interested in participating in the bidding process must carefully review and complete all sections of this document.Section 2: Instructions to Suppliers2.1 Eligibility CriteriaTo be eligible for the bidding process, suppliers must meet the following criteria:- Hold a valid business license- Have prior experience in providing translation services- Possess sufficient resources and qualified staff- Provide relevant references from previous clients2.2 Bidding ProcessThe bidding process consists of the following steps:- Suppliers are required to express their interest in participating by submitting a written request to the Project Manager.- The Project Manager will provide the suppliers with the necessary documents, including this bidding document and any additional information.- Suppliers must submit their bids in a sealed envelope, clearly indicating the project name, their contact details, and the submission deadline.- Bids received after the deadline will not be considered.- The evaluation committee will review all submitted bids and select the most suitable supplier based on predetermined evaluation criteria.- The winning supplier will be notified in writing and required to sign a formal contract.Section 3: Technical Specifications3.1 Description of ServicesThe translation services required for this project include:- Translation of documents from English to Chinese and vice versa- Proofreading and editing of translated materials- Cultural adaptation to ensure accurate and appropriate translations3.2 Project TimelineThe project is expected to commence on [start date] and conclude on [end date]. Suppliers should provide a detailed timeline for completing the translation work, including milestones and deliverables.3.3 Quality AssuranceSuppliers must demonstrate their commitment to delivering high-quality translations by:- Assigning qualified translators with expertise in the specific subject matter- Conducting thorough proofreading and editing processes- Implementing quality control measures to ensure accuracy and consistency- Adhering to any industry standards or certificationsSection 4: Financial Proposal4.1 Pricing StructureSuppliers must provide a detailed breakdown of their pricing structure for the translation services, including:- Hourly rates for translation, proofreading, and editing- Word count rates for translation- Any additional fees for rush orders or specialized services4.2 Payment TermsSuppliers should outline their preferred payment terms, including the percentage payable upon signing the contract and any installment payments based on project milestones.Section 5: Bid SubmissionSuppliers must submit their bids in a sealed envelope, clearly labeled with the project name and their contact details. The bid should include the following documents:- Completed and signed bid submission form- Valid business license- Relevant references from previous clients- Any additional supporting documents or certificationsSection 6: Evaluation CriteriaThe evaluation committee will assess the bids based on the following criteria:- Compliance with the technical specifications- Price competitiveness- Supplier's experience and qualifications- Quality assurance measures- Adherence to project timelineSection 7: Contract AgreementThe selected supplier will be required to sign a formal contract that outlines the terms and conditions, including:- Scope of work- Payment terms- Intellectual property rights- Confidentiality obligations- Dispute resolution mechanismsConclusionThis bidding document provides potential suppliers with all the necessary information and guidelines for participating in the bidding process. Interested suppliers should carefully review and complete all sections before submitting their bids. The evaluation committee will assess the bids basedon the outlined criteria and select the most suitable supplier for the project.。
招投标常用英语
招投标常用英语 Revised as of 23 November 2020标的物 Subject matter招标通告 call for bid招标通知 tender notice招标文件 bid documents招标条件 general conditions of tender招标截止日期 date of the closing of tender招标方 tenderer投标 submission of tenders投标方，投标商tenderer, bidder投标邀请书 Invitation to Bid投标押金，押标金 Bid Bond投标文件 tender documents做标，编标 work out tender documents投标书 Form of Tender投标评估 evaluation of bids愿意／不愿意参加投标be wi11ing／unwilling to participate in the bid我们拟参加……的投标。
We wish to tender fro…我们同意遵守以上规定的投标条款。
We agree to abide by the conditions of Tender specified above.资格预审 prequalification询价 inquiry询价请求，询价单 Requisition for Inquiry报价 quotation报价表格 Form of Quotation提交报价 submission of quotation升价，提价 escalation不适当的(如用电话)或不负责任的报价将被拒收。
An inadequate. by telephone) or unresponsive quotation may be reason for rejecting the quotation 标底 base price limit on bids 报标 bid quotation 评标 evaluation of tender 议标 tender discussion 决标 tender decision 开标 bid opening 中标has/have won the bidding in … 中标者 the winning/successful bidder, the successful tenderer 未中标者 the unsuccessful tenderer 中标函 Letter of Acceptance保密性confidentiality 保证金advance payment, security报价quotation备选方案投标alternative bid 标准招标文件Standard Bidding Documents SBDs不可抗力force majeure采购procurement采购代理procurement agent采购公告procurement notice采购计划procurement plan采购决定procurement decision撤标withdrawal of bid承包商contractor澄清要求requests of clarification迟到的标书late bid初步描述preliminary description初步设计preliminary design错误纠正correction of error单一招标或局限性招标single or restricted tendering到岸价Cost, Insurance, and Freight, CIF非政府组织Nongovernmental organization, NGO分包商subcontractor封标sealing of bid腐败corruption付款方式methods of payment付款条件terms of payment附件appendix工厂交货价 Ex works, Ex factory,or Off the Shelf, EXW工程范围scope of works工程量清单bill of quantities工程量清单报价priced bill of quantities工期days for construction公开招标open tendering公司总部principal place购买purchase固定总价fixed lump sum国际复兴开发银行(世界银行) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank),IBRD国际复兴开发银行贷款和国际开发协会信贷采购指南GUIDELINES PROCUREMENT UNDER IBRD LOANS AND IDA CREDITS国际竞争性招标international comparative bidding国际开发协会International Development Agency,IDA国民生产总值Gross National Product, GNP国内竞争性招标National Competitive Bidding, NCB合格标准eligibility criteria合格的投标人eligible bidder合同价格contract price合同金额contract amount核标examination of bid换标substitution of bid货交承运人(指定地点) Free Carrier (named place),FCA货物清单list of goods计划完工日期intended completion date技术规范specifications监理supervisor检验代理inspection agent建设－拥有－经营Build, own, operate, BOO建设－拥有－经营－转让Build, own, operate, transfer, BOOT建设－拥有－转让Build, operate, transfer, BOT建筑工程construction works交货时间delivery time接受函letter of acceptance截止时间deadline截至日期deadline解释要求requests of explanation局限性招标limited tendering开标bid opening, tender opening, opening of tender开标地点place of bid opening开工日期date of commence联合国United Nations, UN联合国发展商业报United Nations Development Business, UNDB联营体joint venture两步法招标two-stage bidding履约保证金performance security每投标人一标one bid per bidder评标bid evaluation, evaluation of bid, tender evaluation评标标准evaluation criteria评标委员会group of adjudicator, bid evaluation committee欺诈fraud潜在的投标人potential bidder施工机械construction equipment, construction plant实质性响应substantial response, be substantially responsive to事后情况说明debriefing事后审查post review事前审查prior review适用法律applicable law授权书letter of authorization授权书（被授权人必须是律师）power of attorney授予合同award of contract替代方案alternative solution替代建议alternative proposal通用条款general terms and conditions投标保证金bid security, tender security投标保证金bid security投标费用cost of bidding投标函bid letter投标价格bid price投标人bidder, tenderer投标人合格性eligibility of bidder投标人须知instruction to bidders, instruction to tenderers投标人资质qualifications of the bidder投标书bid, tender投标书澄清clarification of bid投标书的提交submission of bid, submission of tender投标书有效期validity of bid投标书有效期延长extension of validity of bid投标书语言language of bid投标书组成documents comprising the bid投标邀请invitation for bids, invitation to tenders投标有效性bid availability图纸drawings土建承包商civil construction contractor完工日期date of completion, completion date完税后交货Delivered Duty Paid, DDP违约赔偿liquidated damages现场参观site visit现场查勘site survey 现场管理人员site management personnel现场技术人员site technical personnel响应性responsiveness项目评估文件Project Appraisal Document, PAD项目时间表，项目计划project schedule修改标书modification of bid选择性招标selective tendering询价采购shopping银行保函bank guarantee应标response to the bidding documents有限国际招标Limited International Bidding, LIB预付款prepayment运费付至(指定目的地) Carriage Paid To (named place of destination), CPT运费及保险费付至(目的地) Carriage and Insurance Paid (place of destination),CIP招标代理bidding agency招标附录appendix to tender招标公告notification of bidding, tender notice招标号bidding no., tendering no.招标人tenderer, contracting party, contracting authority, employer招标文件bidding documents, tender documentations, tender documents招标文件澄清clarification of bidding documents招标文件修改amendment of bidding documents招标资料表bidding data sheet, tendering data sheet招投标范围scope of bid争端解决settlement of dispute政府采购法government procurement law政府采购协议government procurement agreement政府采购指令government procurement directives直接签订合同direct contracting中标标准award criteria中标通知notificationof award, award of tender注册地点place of registration专用条款special terms and conditions专用账户Special Account, SA准备投标书preparation of bid, preparation of tender资格后审postqualification资格预审prequalification资格预审招标prequalified tendering资金来源source of fund资质信息qualification information自营工程force accounting。
国际招标文件_中英文
一、项目名称（中文）XXX项目国际招标（英文）International Bid for XXX Project二、招标人（中文）XXX公司（英文）XXX Corporation地址：（中文）XXX市XXX路XXX号（英文）XXX Road, XXX City联系人：（中文）张先生（英文）Mr. Zhang电话：（中文）+86-XXX-XXXX-XXXX（英文）+86-XXX-XXXX-XXXX三、项目概况（中文）本项目位于XXX市，占地面积约XXX平方米，总建筑面积约XXX平方米，主要包括XXX建筑、XXX设备等。
项目总投资约XXX万元，资金来源为自筹。
（英文）This project is located in XXX City, covering an area of approximately XXX square meters with a total floor area of about XXX square meters. It mainly includes XXX building and XXX equipment, etc. The total investment of the project is approximately XXX million yuan, and the funding source is self-financed.四、招标范围（中文）本次招标范围为XXX项目的施工、监理、设计等全过程服务。
（英文）The bidding scope includes the whole process services of construction, supervision, and design for the XXX project.五、招标文件组成（中文）1.招标公告；（英文）1. Bid Announcement;2.招标文件；（英文）2. Bidding Documents;3.投标须知；（英文）3. Instructions to Bidders;4.合同条款；（英文）4. Contract Terms;5.技术规范；（英文）5. Technical Specifications;6.图纸；（英文）6. Drawings;7.其他相关文件。
英语商务翻译PPT课件
增词法
（一）增补同义词
英语有一词多义的特点，同一个词可以同时与若干个词 进行搭配，相互修饰、制约，语言仍自然流畅。
汉语在词的搭配方面相对严谨，同一个词通常不能同时 与多个词搭配。
根据汉语词的搭配习惯和英语词汇的一词多义的特点， 我们应采用增补同义词的技巧，这样才能使译文既准确达意， 又照顾到汉语的语言习惯。
例3.The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
译文：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其他货 物造成任何损害，托运人应付全责。
在上例中，be liable for 属于程式化的套语， 也是商务英语遣词造句的典型模式，要做好商 务英语翻译，熟练掌握这些程式化的套语是不 可或缺的。
我们非常感谢你们在我贸易代表团访问贵国期 间给予的盛情款待，感谢你们在业务洽谈中给 予的密切配合。
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凝练翻译法
• 减词法(Pruning) • 减词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是 那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘啰嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词 语。 • 减词一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进 行减省。
5辆丰田牌汽车，20台日立牌电视机和30台施乐牌 复印机早已备妥待运，但因你方信用证延迟到达， 货物不能按期装运。
原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都为世界知名品牌， 在翻译时要按汉语的习惯用法把他们的产品名称补充完 整，才能使译文具体明了。
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重复法（Repetition）
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招标文件翻译
招标文件翻译一、背景介绍招标文件是指为了实施工程项目或采购商品、服务等而发布的文件，包括招标公告、招标文件、投标文件和中标通知等。
招标文件的翻译对于国际合作、跨国投资以及国内外企业间的合作具有重要意义。
本文将详细介绍招标文件翻译的标准格式及要求。
二、标准格式1. 封面招标文件的封面应包含以下内容：- 项目名称：招标项目的具体名称。
- 招标编号：招标项目的编号，用于标识该项目。
- 发布日期：招标文件发布的日期。
- 页数：招标文件的总页数。
- 发布机构：招标文件的发布机构名称。
- 联系方式：招标文件发布机构的联系方式，包括地址、电话、传真和电子邮件等。
2. 目录招标文件的目录应包含招标文件各个部分的标题和页码，方便读者查阅。
3. 招标公告招标公告是招标文件的重要组成部分，应包含以下内容：- 项目概述：对招标项目的背景、目的和范围进行简要介绍。
- 招标方式：说明招标的方式，如公开招标、邀请招标等。
- 投标资格要求：列出投标人需要满足的资格要求，如注册资格、经验要求等。
- 投标文件要求：说明投标文件的具体要求和提交截止时间。
- 招标文件获取：提供招标文件获取的途径和费用。
- 联系方式：提供招标文件发布机构的联系方式。
4. 技术规格书技术规格书是招标文件的核心部分，应包含以下内容：- 工程概述：对工程项目的背景、目的和范围进行详细介绍。
- 技术要求：对工程项目的技术要求进行详细说明，包括设计标准、施工要求等。
- 材料清单：列出工程项目所需的材料清单，包括数量、规格和质量要求等。
- 施工进度：规定工程项目的施工进度和完成时间。
- 质量控制：说明对工程项目质量的控制要求和验收标准。
- 安全要求：规定对工程项目施工过程中的安全要求和措施。
- 环境保护：说明对工程项目环境保护的要求和措施。
5. 投标文件要求投标文件要求是招标文件的重要部分，应包含以下内容：- 投标文件组成：列出投标文件所需的各个部分，如技术方案、商务方案、财务报表等。
招标文件翻译
提示：本文为独家资料，如需转载，需经本人同意！前言：前段时间审阅了一招标文件的翻译，让我对翻译产生了一些新的思考。
很多人可能认为，翻译仅仅就是把一门语言转换为另一门语言而已。
但假如你做过翻译，假如你研究过翻译，你就会觉得，翻译不只是转换那么简单。
它融入了文化，背景，专业，表达方式等多种因素。
翻译是需要研究的，翻译也是需要理论和技巧的。
“信达雅”指导中国译者多年。
其实说得大众化一点，“信达雅”也就是后人总结的“忠实，通顺，美”。
“美”的层次对于普通译者来说难以企及，也不一定有必要，但“忠实和通顺”却是每一个译者都应遵循的标准。
“忠实”和“通顺”在翻译的实际操作中也就是读者“理解”和“表达”的问题。
“理解”错了就是不“忠实”，“表达”混乱就是不“通顺”。
在我看来，“理解”和“表达”同样重要，没有主次之分。
以下略列一些具有代表性的句子的翻译，它们要么是“理解”上有问题，要么是“表达”上有问题，或者两者兼有。
在此与同行及翻译爱好者共勉。
1. Note your proposal must follow the details of the tender documents, must clearly address the questions provided in the Response Forms section and must show in sufficient detail your methodology, proposed solutions, specifications and cost for satisfying the contract objectives.请注意您的标书必须遵循投标文件细节，清晰的陈述响应表格部分里提供的问题，并且必须展示您的方法论的充分细节，提出的解决办法，规范和满足合同意图的花费。
解析：此句的难点在于address, in sufficient detail及satisfying the contract objectives。
招标文件翻译
招标文件翻译一、背景介绍随着全球经济的发展，国际贸易合作日益频繁。
在国际贸易中，招标是一种常见的采购方式，也是企业获取优质供应商的重要途径。
然而，由于各国语言文化的差异，招标文件的翻译成为了一个必要且关键的环节。
本文将详细介绍招标文件翻译的标准格式和相关要求。
二、标准格式1. 封面招标文件翻译的封面应包含以下信息：- 招标文件名称：明确标识招标文件的名称，便于识别和归档。
- 发布日期：记录招标文件发布的日期，便于追溯。
- 翻译日期：标明招标文件翻译完成的日期，便于管理和审查。
- 翻译语言：明确招标文件的翻译语言，确保准确传达信息。
2. 目录招标文件翻译的目录应包含招标文件的各个章节和内容，方便读者快速定位所需信息。
3. 项目背景介绍在招标文件翻译的开始部分，应对项目背景进行详细介绍，包括但不限于以下内容：- 项目名称：明确标识项目的名称，确保准确传达信息。
- 项目目标：阐述项目的目标和意义，使读者能够全面了解项目的价值。
- 项目范围：详细描述项目的范围和要求，确保供应商能够清楚理解并提供符合要求的服务或产品。
4. 招标要求招标文件翻译的核心部分是招标要求的翻译。
在翻译招标要求时，应注意以下几点：- 准确性：确保翻译内容准确无误，不失原意。
- 清晰性：使用简明扼要的语言，确保供应商能够清楚理解要求。
- 一致性：保持翻译风格和术语的一致性，提高可读性和可理解性。
5. 技术规范招标文件中通常包含技术规范，对于需要翻译的技术规范，应注意以下几点：- 专业术语：准确翻译技术术语，确保供应商能够准确理解要求。
- 格式要求：保持原文的格式要求，如图表、表格等，确保翻译内容与原文一致。
6. 报价要求招标文件中通常包含报价要求，对于需要翻译的报价要求，应注意以下几点：- 货币单位：根据目标市场的要求，将货币单位进行准确翻译。
- 格式要求：保持原文的格式要求，如货币符号、小数位数等，确保翻译内容与原文一致。
7. 评标标准招标文件中通常包含评标标准，对于需要翻译的评标标准，应注意以下几点：- 清晰明确：确保翻译内容清晰明确，便于供应商理解和参考。