《大学英语语法》课件—05Modifiers：Appositives
20-21版：Grammar—Noun clauses as the appositive (步步高
8.I have no idea that it is that has made her so angry. what
9.The boy made a promise which he wouldn’t cheat in the exam again. that
10.The news from her what her mother was badly ill made us worried. that
Ⅲ.语法填空
The news came 11. that Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature.The reason 12. why we are so happy is 13. that Mo Yan is 14. the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize.15. It is reported 16. that Mo Yan’s books have been 17. sold (sell) out in many bookstores recently.It can be imagined 18. that more and more people will be interested 19. in reading and writing.I believe 20. that more Chinese people will be awarded the Nobel Prize in the future.
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Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
《大学英语语法》课件—04Modifiers：Adverb
Grammar and Writing
Unit 4
Modifiers：Adverb
• Grammar: Adverbs • Writing:
Correcting: Misplaced Modifiers and –ly Modifiers Rewriting: Relationship and completeness
• The prices are quite reasonable. • We are very much hoping you can attend our wedding.
When an adverb modifies a verb, it has three positions in a sentence: front (before the subject), middle (between the subject and the main verb) and end (after the verb or object).
• Adverbs of Place: abroad, anywhere, here, outside, somewhere, there, home etc.
• Adverbs of Manner: well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly etc.
• Adverbs of Frequency: always, often, usually, frequently, never, seldom, sometimes, etc.
• She picked up slowly the gun. • She picked up the gun slowly.
《大学英语语法》课件—03Modifiers adjectives
Adjectives
• An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a n by limiting its meaning. It tells a characteristic or quality of a noun or pronoun. Adjectives tell such things as which one? what kind? whose? how many/much?
attributive adjectives predictive adjectives the big house → The house is big.
a popular singer → The singer is popular.
Some words can only be used as predictive adjectives. They have no degree of comparison and cannot be modified by degree adverbs such as too, very, much, almost, nearly, enough, hardly and so on.
Modifiers
A modifier is any word that acts to describe or qualify another word in such a way that it enriches the other words meaning. It usually may be an adjective, an adverb or a prepositional phrase. Adding modifiers can make sentences more explicit, more interesting and more powerful. Let’s look at an example.
高考英语二轮复习：AppositiveClause同位语从句的基础知识回顾与应用课件(28张PPT)
Tips: that 在定语从句中是关系代词,
dream, decision, My mother’s promise
4 Rules of Appositive Clause
report,
problem, concern; suggestion, proposal,
advice．
Rule1 1.My mother’s promise that I could have an ice lolly after class was a big happiness to me. 2. I felt very happy when I worked out the problem how I could get enough money for the snacks.
Rule2 3.The sweet memory that I enjoyed Cartoons with my sister still makes me happy.
4.I enjoyed every happy moment despite the concern whether I can hold out. Rule3 5.I felt happy because the question how I could get a seat in library was easy for me.
Observe the sentences and discuss in groups to find the rules
Rule1：同位语从句要用 陈述句语序。 Rule2：that 在同位语从句中是连词, __无____意义, ___不__作____成分, __不__能___省略.
福建省福州市金桥高中英语必修3unit5GrammarAppositiveClause语法课件31张
第十七页，共32页。
5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./
第七页，共32页。
③从引导词及其在句中的成分上区别:有些引导词 如how, whether等可以引导同位语从句, 但不能 引导定语从句。定语从句的引导词均在从句中 充当特定的句子成分。如: I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother. (that引导同位语从句，对fact进行说 明, that不充当句子成分。) I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me. (that 引导定语从句, 对fact进行限定，that在从句中 充当宾语。)
福 建 省 福 州 市金桥 高中英 语必修 3unit5GrammarAppositiveClause语 法 课 件 31张 ppt
第一页，共32页。
内容摘要
福建省福州市金桥高中英语必修3unit5GrammarAppositiveClause语法课件31张ppt。②从性质上区 别：同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明
B. where
C. what
D. that
D
第二十五页，共32页。
17. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04, 上海) A. which BB. that C. what D. whether
Unit5_Grammar
Appositive clause 同位语从句
e.g. The idea that [they would cross the whole continent ]was exciting. 同位语从句 引导词 (最常见) that 名词性从句 标志性名词： fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief, etc.
定语从句
关系代词—主/宾---有意义---作宾可省略
同位语从句
e.g.
The news that our team has won the game is true.
定语从句
The news (that) he told me yesterday was true.
Differences
同位语从句
Grammar
The Appositive Clause
(同位语从句)
Revision: The Noun Clause
主语从句 What it was to become was a mystery.
宾语从句
表语从句
I don’t know who will help Henry to win the bet.
3. The first he want to know is ____ he can review the lesson effectively. A. that B. whether C. who D. how
subjective clause 主语从句
objective clause 宾语从句
定语从句
修饰关系或限定关系
The news that our team has won the game is true.
Unit 5 grammar-modifers-appositive
Unit 5Modifiers：Appositives【GRAMMAR】An appositive is a noun or a pronoun that is placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify it or give additional information about it.Jack is our neighbor.He is a well-known captain.⑥Our neighbor Jack is a well-known captain.An appositive phrase is an appositive plus any words that modify the appositive.St. Peter is one of the most famous forts in Europe.It is often visited by young men in winter.⑥St. Peter, one of the most famous forts in Europe, is often visited by young men in winter.We generally use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.She is saving money to travel to Rome.Rome is the capital of Italy.⑥ She is saving money to travel to Rome, the capital of Italy.(The appositive phrase the capital of Italy is not essential because Italy has only one capital.) An essential appositive gives necessary information about a noun and is not set off with commas.The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne’s book.The book has been taken as one of the most controversial love stories.⑥ Hawthorne’s book The Scarlet Letter has been taken as one of the most controversial love stories.(Hawthorne wrote many books, so The Scarlet Letter is necessary to make clear which one is the one of the most controversial love stories.)Apart from indicating all meaning of the noun or pronoun it goes along, an appositive can also denote part of its meaning.We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.He is interested in sports, especially ball games.When a pronoun is followed by an appositive, choose the case of the pronoun that would be correct if the appositive were omitted.We are young men.We should take the task of reconstruction of our homes after the earthquake.⑥We young men should take the task of reconstruction of our homes after the earthquake.She is the best teacher of the college.The college gave her an award for excellence.⑥ The college gave her, its best teacher, an award for excellence.Appositive give extra information about the subject but don’t change its number. Make sure you don’t mistake a word in an appositive for the subject of the sentence.✓The students each have a dictionary.✗ The students each has a dictionary.E.T. is one of my favorite films.It is directed by Steven Spielberg.⑥E.T., one of my favorite films, is directed by Steven Spielberg.We often see dashes before such expressions as namely and for instance, expressions that introduce appositives.All of them —namely, most of them — have the course.Some vegetables —for instance, carrots and garlic — can help cure certain diseases.An appositive provides more information about a noun like an adjective clause. In fact, we may take an appositive as a simplified adjective clause, that is, to omit the relative pronoun and the verb be.Toni Morrison, who is the winner of Nobel Prize for literature in 1993, is an Afro-American authoress.⑥Toni Morrison, the winner of Nobel Prize for literature in 1993, is an Afro-American authoress.He has sent a thank-you letter to the company, which is a friendly acquirer in a takeover.⑥ He has sent a thank-you letter to the company, a friendly acquirer in a takeover.However, not all adjective clauses can be reduced to appositives in this way --- only those that give extra information and also have a form of the verb to be (is, are, was, were).1. Kinds of appositivesAppositives usually appear in four forms.1)Single appositiveThe most common type of appositives is single appositive which is a noun or a noun phrase used to identify or rename a noun in a sentence and sometimes may instead repeat a noun for the sake of clarity and emphasis:Titanic was a great ship.The ship was in Southampton.The ship sailed on April 10th, 1912.Its destination is New York.⑥The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912.Mrs. Tailor is an old lady.She is very wealthy.She has shared a flat with her children.They have lived there for a great many years.⑥Mrs. Tailor, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her children for a great manyyears.2)Multiple appositivesTwo, three, or even more appositives may appear alongside the same noun to give an explanation or extra information:Tina, Todd and Sam are my cousins.They arrived at the party together.⑥My cousins—Tina, Todd, and Sam—arrived at the party together.My house was flooded.All of my school work got washed away.My school work includes physics, literature, sociology, and calculus⑥All of my school work—physics, literature, sociology, and calculus—got washed away when my house was flooded.Commas or dashes may be used to set off an appositive. Dashes are useful to prevent confusion when the appositive itself contains commas. Also, using dashes instead of commas serves to emphasize the appositive.3)List appositivesList appositives often go before a pronoun such as all or those or everyone.The pronoun helps to clarify the subject by drawing the items together though it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence: the opening list could serve by itself as the subject.The hill seems to impact on me.The river seems to impact on me.Even the tree seems to impact on me.Even the piece of rock seems to impact on me.⑥ The hill, the river, even the tree, the piece of rock, all seem to impact on me.He had possessed money and beauty.He had possessed fame and status.He had possessed those for quite a long time.Those vanished in the blink of an eye.⑥ Money and beauty, fame and status, those he had possessed for quite a long time vanished in the blink of an eye.4)Negative appositivesMost appositives identify what someone or something is, but there are also negative appositives that identify what someone or something is not. Negative appositives usually begin with a word such as not, never, or rather than.Male students are unlikely to take nursing classes at school.Female students are most likely to take nursing classes at school.⑥Female students, not male students, are most likely to take nursing classes at school.People are the real creators of the history.Heroes are hardly the real creators of the history.⑥People, rather than heroes, are the real creators of the history.2. Position of appositivesAn appositive most often appears directly after the noun or pronoun it identifies, explains or renames:He told me this by himself.His uncle is named Jim.His uncle is a black poet.His uncle is world-famous.⑥He himself told me that his uncle Jim is a world-famous black poet.There are many ways to preserve the history.One of them is to recount it as sagas.Sagas are legends.Legends are handed down from the generation to another.⑥One of the ways to preserve the history is to recount it as sagas --- legends that are handed down from one generation to another.Occasionally, an appositive may comes before a word that it identifies or renames. When at the beginning of a sentence, the appositive is always separated by a comma from the rest of the sentence.Mexico City has many archaeological sites.These sites are interesting.Mexico City is the biggest city in the world.⑥ The biggest city in the world, Mexico City has many interesting archaeological sites.Wassily Kadinsky is known for his paintings.His paintings are colorful.His paintings are abstract.Wassily Kadinsky is an innovator.He is bold.⑥ A bold innovator, Wassily Kadinsky is known for his colorful abstract paintings.An appositive may also be placed at the very end of a sentence. The end appositive is usually given a special emphasis. Compare:a) The train finally arrived and two young men—one big and broad，the other small and slight—stepped onto the platform.b) The train finally arrived and two young men stepped onto the platform—one big and broad, the other small and slight.The appositive in sentence A merely interrupts the sentence to give extra information while it marks the climax of the sentence B.Notes：1）A pronoun such as we, us, you, they is often followed by a noun to identify it as an appositive.Are you two going to apply for this position?The headmaster shows great concern for us students.Mother asked you boys to be quiet.We movie-fans often go to the theaters regularly.2) A pronouns such as all, each, neither, none often goes after a noun or a pronoun as an appositive to give more definite information.We all have our own attitude to bringing up children.In the police office, we none of us said anything.I bought the girls each an ice cream.They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence.3）Besides nouns and pronouns, other word classes also have their appositives such as verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases and so on.They always murmur in meetings—that is, speak in a very low voice. (verb phrase as appositive)After marriage, he turned thriftier—more attentive to the expenses of life—than he had been. (adjective phrase as appositive)Our English teacher often asks us to speak so—slowly, loudly and clearly. (adverbs as appositive)Most visitors reach Scotland from the south, that is, from England. (prepositional phrase as appositive)4) An infinitive or gerund may go after a noun as an appositive to identify what it is.Very soon they received the order to start the general attack.The old lady followed the instruction to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door.He has eventually gotten a job yesterday driving a truck.Linda got a place in a laundry ironing shirts.5）Words that are often used to introduce an appositive:a) To indicate equality such as namely (or viz.), that is (i.e.), that is to say, in other words, for short, etc.I want to talk today about a major threat facing our society, namely AIDS.Literal translation, in other words word-for-word translation, is not to be encouraged.b) To list examples such as for example, for instance (e.g.), such as, say, let us say, including, etc.Mistakes began to occur in the late fifties, for instance, the Great Leap Forward.Everything was in apple-pie order, including the desk.c) To add emphasis such as especially, particularly, chiefly, mostly, mainly, etc.This is a day to get things out into the open, particularly money matters.Their electrical products, mainly e-book and MP4, are very welcomed by teens.。
College English Grammar 5
Appositive give extra information about the subject but don’t change its number. Make sure you don’t mistake a word in an appositive for the subject of the sentence.
• Jack is our neighbor. • He is a well-known captain. • Our neighbor Jack is a well-known captain.
• An appositive phrase is an appositive plus any words that modify the appositive.
• Some vegetables — for instance, carrots and garlic — can help cure certain diseases.
When a pronoun is followed by an appositive, choose the case of the pronoun that would be correct if the appositive were omitted.
• She is saving money to travel to Rome. • Rome is theaving money to travel to Rome, the capital
of Italy.
• (The appositive phrase the capital of Italy is not essential because Italy has only one capital.)
大学英语语法ppt课件
Conjunction
Conjunction refers to a word used to connect two or more sentences or components of a sentence.
Conjunctions are commonly used to connect two or more sentences or
Comparative and Superlative
Some advertisements have comparative and superlative forms that express degrees of comparison
Comparative and Superlative
Definition
College English Grammar PPT Courseware
目录
• Introduction • Noun • Verb • Subjects and advertisements • Positions and connections • Subordinate clause • Non fine verbs • Subjunctive mood
Common types of advertisements include banner, time, place, degree, and frequency advertisements
Placement
Advantageously come after the subject and before the verb in simple intentions
01
Introduction
Course Introduction
大学英语语法全书ppt课件
不规则名词复数 （2）
不规则名词 复数系统（2）
复数形式 有两种，但意
义不同
改变名词 元音、辅音
单、复数 同形
外来词 保持原有
形式
不规则名词复数（2）
2)不规则名词复数构成规则 (1) 有些名词以改变元音、辅音的方法变为复
College English Grammar ---Instruction & Practice
大学英语语法 ----精讲与训练
玉林师范学院 外国语学院 秦耀咏
别有洞天
Chapter 1 绪论
语法教学观：方向与方法 语法学习观：问题与练题
Contents
Questions on Grammar Teaching & Learning
bacterium→ bacteria; crisis→ crises (4) 少数外来词有两种复数形式，不规则变化
的为科学术语，而加-s多用于一般场合如： antenna(触角、天线)→ antennae/antennas apparatus(机构、器官)→apparatus /apparatuses
数，如：foot→ feet; goose→ geese man→ men; child→ children; ox→ oxen (2) 有些名词单复数同形。如： deer→ deer; sheep→ sheep; means→ means; works→ works
(3)有些外来词保留原有的复数形式，如： analysis→ analyses; datum→ data;
Unit5-Appositive-Clause
responsibility.
A. that B. which
C. what D. if
7. They expressed the suggestion _____ she accept the award.
A. what B. when
C. that D. which
Tip:在某些名词（demand, suggestion, advice等） 后的同位语从句,谓语动词要用(should) +do！
注意:
若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice,suggestion, demand,request,order等表示 建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用 "(should)+do"
1).I made the suggestion that the meeting _(_s_h_o_u_l_d_)_b_e__b_ro_u__g_h_t__(bring) to an end.
Have you any idea _w_h_a_t_ he is doing now?
They asked me the question _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_the work was worth doing.
The question ＿wh＿o ＿should do the work requires consideration.
Tell the difference
宾语 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
定语从句
（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad
Unit5-Appositive-Clause教程文件
Tell the difference
宾语 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
定语从句
（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad
is told by him.
3.在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子. 如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句， 定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
The news that our team has won the game was true. The news is that our team has won the game. (句子通顺，是同位语从句）
2. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days .
3. They forget the fact that Canada is 5.500 kilometres from coast to coast.
Have you any idea _w_h_a_t_ he is doing now?
They asked me the question _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_the work was worth doing.
The question ＿wh＿o ＿should do the work requires consideration.
you.
宾语从句
4.This is why he did it. 表语从句
5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we
大学英语语法课件ppt
It expresses the action or state that will happen in the future Example: "I will run"
The voice of verbs
Active Voice
It expresses the subject as performing the action Example: "I run"
04 Examples
"She runs quickly.", "He speaks soft.", "They will definitively win."
The comparative and superior forms of objections and advertisements
01
College English Grammar Courseware
contents
目录
• Noun • Article • Pronoun • Verb • Subjects and advertisements • Preparation • Subordinate clause
01
Noun
02
Indefinite articles are used with nouns that are not specific or known
03
Indefinite articles are used with nouns that are the first of their kind
The define article
03
"He is the smartest student in the class." or "She sings the most beautiful."
College English Grammar 5 Modifiers：Appositives
• The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne’s book. • The book has been taken as one of the most
excellence.
2020/12/10
controversial love stories.
• Hawthorne’s book The Scarlet Letter has been
taken as one of the most controversial love stories.
• (Hawthorne wrote many books, so The Scarlet Letter is necessary to make clear which one is the one of the most controversial love stories.)
visited by young men in winter.
2020/12/10
We generally use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
our homes after the earthquake.
• She is the best teacher of the college. • The college gave her an award for excellence. • The college gave her, its best teacher, an award for
人民大2024教学课件-英语句子写作 ppt-Appositive Clause
• To learn to write appositive clauses.
1. Appositives
Contents
2. Appositive Clauses
3. Appositive clauses VS. Relative clauses
2. Appositive clauses
2.4 The place of appositive clauses • Close to the noun(s) it modifies. • However…
post positioned 后置 ➢The idea came to his mind that his wallet might
• 陈述句(Declarative Sentence) • 名词性从句(Nominal/Noun Clause)
2. Appositive Clauses
➢We should have the hope that our country will become stronger and stronger in the future.
1. Appositives
➢China‘s top anti-graft agency(反贪机构) pledged on Saturday to safeguard the position of Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, as the core of the Central Committee and the whole Party.
课件5：Grammar
④ 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关 系代词作宾语时常可省略。
The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.
The news (that) he told me is exciting. ⑤ 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动
3. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea. We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.
4. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet. /Many Chinese parents hold the view. Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet.
Translation
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解 释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的 词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether 等。
right away.
A. which B. that C. / D. when
3. You can take the seat____ is free.
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Apart from indicating all meaning of the noun or pronoun it goes along, an appositive can also denote part of its meaning. • We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. • He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
• St. Peter is one of the most famous forts in Europe. • It is often visited by young men in winter. • St. Peter, one of the most famous forts in Europe, is often
• Jack is our neighbor. • He is a well-known captain. • Our neighbor Jack is a well-known captain.
• An appositive phrase is an appositive plus any words that modify the appositive.
controversial love stories.
• Hawthorne’s book The Scarlet Letter has been
taken as one of the most controversial love stories.
• (Hawthorne wrote many books, so The Scarlet Letter is necessary to make clear which one is the one of the most controversial love stories.)
visited by young men in winter.
We generally use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
An essential appositive gives necessary information about a noun and is not set off with commas.
• The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne’s book. • The book has been taken as one of the most
• She is saving money to travel to Rome. • Rome is the capital of Italy. • She is saving money to travel to Rome, the capital
of Italy.
• (The appositive phrase the capital of Italy is not essential because Italy has only one capital.)
College English Grammar:
Grammar and Writing
Unit 5
Modifiers：Appositives
• Grammar: Appositives • Writing:
Correcting: Clutters Rewriting: How to order your ideas
Appositives
An appositive is a noun or a pronoun that is placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify it or give additional information about it.
• Some vegetables — for instance, carrots and garlic — can help cure certain diseases.
When a pronoun is followed by an appositive, choose the case of the pronoun that would be correct if the appositive were omitted.
excellence.
Appositive give extra information about the subject but don’t change its number. Make sure you don’t mistake a word in an appositive for the subject of the sentence.
our homes after the earthquቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱke.
• She is the best teacher of the college. • The college gave her an award for excellence. • The college gave her, its best teacher, an award for
• We often see dashes before such expressions as namely and for instance, expressions that introduce appositives.
• All of them — namely, most of them — have the course.
• We are young men. • We should take the task of reconstruction of our homes
after the earthquake. • We young men should take the task of reconstruction of