罗宾斯管理学复习英文版

– emphasis that managers give to the various roles seems to change with their organizational level
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EXHIBIT 1.5: SKILLS NEEDED AT DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT LEVELS
Born 1856; died 1915 Known as ‘father of scientific management’ In 1881, as chief engineer for Midvale Steel, studied how tasks were done

Began first time & motion studies
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How Do Managers Plan? (cont.)
• The Role of Goals and Plans in Planning (cont.) – Types of Plans
• strategic plans - apply to the entire organization
– progress toward accomplishing these goals is periodically reviewed – rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress – MBO consists of four elements » goal specificity » participative decision making » explicit time period » performance feedback
– establish organization’s overall goals – seek to position the organization in terms of its environment
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• operational plans - specify the details of how the overall goals are to be achieved
– tend to cover short time periods
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Types Of Plans
Breadth Strategic Operational Time Frame Long term Short term Specificity Directional Specific Frequency of Use Single use Standing
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Efficiency and Effectiveness in Management
Efficiency (Means) Effectiveness (Ends)
Resource Usage
Low Waste
Goal Attainment
High Attainment
• • • • little or no sharing of goals general and lacking in continuity defines specific goals specific action programs exist to achieve goals
– formal planning - written
– plans - outline how goals are going to be met – Types of Goals
• all organizations have multiple objectives • no single measure can evaluate whether an organization is successful • financial goals - relate to financial performance • strategic goals - relate to other areas of performance
General Environment
Suppliers Customers
The Organization
Public Pressure Groups Competitors
Specific Environment
Chapter 2 MANAGEMENT YESTERDAY AND TODAY
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• The Role of Goals and Plans in Planning – goals - desired outcomes
How Do Managers Plan?
• provide direction for all management decisions • represent the criteria against which actual work accomplishments can be measured
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EXHIBIT 2.4: WEBER’S IDEAL BUREAUCRACY
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Chapter 7FOUNDATIONS OF PLANNING
• Planning
– involves defining the organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work – anticipate changes and develop the most-effective response to changes – informal planning - nothing is written down
Created efficiency principles
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
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Political Science: Helps to understand a
nation’s constitution and structuring in turn, shape the type, form, and policies of organization.
Frederick W. Taylor
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• Establishing Goals (cont.)
How Do Managers Plan?
• management by objectives (MBO) - specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and their managers
Economics: Helps to
understand the changing economy, the role of competition and free markets in a global context.
Philosophy: Helps to
Management
understand the existence of organizations and what constitutes appropriate behavior within them.
• Management Roles
– specific categories of managerial behavior
• Interpersonal - involve people and duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature • Informational - receiving, collecting, and disseminating information • Decisional - revolve around making choices
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
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Who Are Managers?
• Manager
– someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals
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2、Steps in a Typical MBO Program
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• What Is Strategic Management? – A set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of an organization
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Organizational Levels
Top Managers
Middle Managers First-line Managers Non-managerial Employees
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What Do Managers Do? (cont.)
A Simon & Schuster Company
EXHIBIT 2.2: TAYLOR’S FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
源自文库
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General Administrative Theorists
• Henri Fayol – concerned with making the overall organization more effective – developed theories of what constituted good management practice • proposed a universal set of management functions • published principles of management – fundamental, teachable rules of management
Management Strives For: Low resource waste (high efficiency) High goal attainment (high effectiveness)
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The External Environment
Management’s Connection to Other Fields of Study
Anthropology: Helps to better understand
differences in fundaments values, attitudes, and behavior between different countries and within different organizations.