高三英语语法专题复习讲义资料整理

高三英语语法专题复习讲义资料整理

一、名词

【要点点拨】

一. 可数名词的复数构成规则:

1.规则变化:加-s, -es; 辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe变成ves;

(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A

(2) 缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word ―letter‖.

2.不规则变化:

(1) men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;

(2) 单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示种类);

(3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器);

(4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law

(5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man变成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)

一、不可数名词

1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词），用得较多的有piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle

2.不可数名词具体化：These games are great successes; The party

was a great success.

二、名词的所有格：

1.表示有生命的名词后加’s, 如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加’s: Jack and Tom’s room(两人共有的房间); Jack’s and Tom’s rooms（两人各自的房间）；表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;

(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加’s: China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’walk)

2.表示―某人家里‖―某店铺‖等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (shop);

3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名词+of +…..’s / 名词性物主代词（表示―部分‖的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等）；

比较：friend of her mother’s她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中

a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为of所有格）

他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上)

a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人）

三、名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的特

点、性质及用途；

(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数：men/ women doctors;

(2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义：

a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag布满灰尘的袋子 a chemical change化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师

a gold watch 一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch一只金黄色的表

五.英语中‖很多‖的表达: :quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of 只修饰不可数名词: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of)

既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of

【各个击破】

1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _____of his advertisement.

A. standard

B. level

C. message

D. promise

2.-----What do you think of his composition?

------Much better, but there’s still some ______for improvement.

A. space

B. room

C. area

D. place

3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than they should.

A. bills

B. charges

C. costs

D. prices

4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there

still.

A. sight

B. look

C. view

D. scene

5.No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking

for years.

A. problem

B. way

C. wonder

D. matter

6. -----How is it that you lost your way?

------When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong ________.

A. way

B. direction

C. distance

D. path

7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his _________piece,

so I gave him ________.

A. change; ten pennies; ten pence

B. changes; ten pennies; ten pence

C. change; ten pence; ten pennies

D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies

8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?

A. which Zhang Yimou’s film

B. which film of Zhang Yimou

C. which film of Zhang Yimou’s

D. zhang Yimou’s which film

9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.

A. tea cup; glass

B. cup of tea; glass

C. tea’s cup; glasses

D. tea cup; glasses

10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.