语篇翻译
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• 他们预言，可上网手机今年将在这里和欧 洲流行。如果你到现在还没有的话，圣诞 节时你也许会在圣诞树下发现一部。
• —I’m not laughing at you, am I? • —You did.
• —He must come back. • —I don’t think so.
• 连接
• 连接是表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段,又 称“逻辑联系语”(黄国文, 1988) 。通 过使用各种连接词语,句子间的语义逻辑 关系可以明确表示出来。（also, but, why, because, at first, then, in front of）
• 词汇衔接
• 词汇衔接是通过运用一组意义相关的词语 以达到语篇衔接的目的。同义词、近义词、 上义词、下义词、概括词、反义词 （p111）
• My dictionary defines happy as “lucky” or “fortune”, but I think a better definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health. (Lynn Peters: Our Pursuit of Happiness)
• 对于观光了一天筋疲力尽的游人来说,最后 一站是老城,那里有许多酒吧,日暮时游人可 以在那儿开怀畅饮。
• If that‘s your last stop at the end of an exhausting day of sightseeing, stay in the old city, because there are plenty of bars in which to enjoy an early evening drink. (何善芬:《英汉语言对比研究》)
The long-awaited recession has apparently arrived and many economists are now saying that the downturn in the nation’s economic activity will be deeper and longer than previously forecast.
• 省略：省略是指将语言结构中的某个成分
省去不提。被省略的成分通常可以从上下文 中推知，因此省略具有语篇衔接功能。
• Why so often the coarse appropriates the fine thus, the wrong man ^ the woman, the wrong woman ^ the man?
商务语篇的衔接与翻译
• 所谓语篇，即在交际功能上相对完整和 独立的、通常是大于句子的一个语言片
段。它长可以是一本著作，短可以是一
则通知、一首小诗。（李运兴《英汉语 篇翻译》）
• 衔接与连贯
• 衔接(cohesion)：是将语句聚合在一起的语 法及词汇手段的统称，是语篇表层的可见 语言现象。
• 连贯(coherence): 是语篇中语义上的相互 关联。存在于语篇的深层，体现了语篇中 各个成分之间的逻辑关系，也体现了语篇 作者的交际意图和预期的语篇功能。
衔接手段的功能
• In the last twenty years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations have at the same time grown faster. The standard of living hasn’t improved. The increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. There has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
• 此外英语还是贸易语言，并取代了原来法 语和德语的位置而成为许多国家的第二语 言。
• It will be appreciated that you give your reply as soon as possible.
• 请尽快回复，不胜感激。
• 我没时间做这事。这是我的问题。
• I have no time to do it. That’s my trouble.
• 我的词典给“幸福”下的定义是“幸 运”“好运”,但是,我认为对幸福更好的
解释是“能够乐在其中”。我们越能乐
在其中,就越幸福。施人以爱,被人所爱, 友人相伴,对住所的选择随心所欲,乃至身 体健康,这一切所带来的快乐都易为人们 所忽略。(徐丽娜:《中国翻译》2001年 第4期)
Economist Sees a Deeper Slump Than Predicted
照点,也就是说,语篇中一个语言成分与另一 个可以与之相互解释的成分之间的关系。
• Wrought iron is almost pure iron. It is not frequently found in the school shop because of its high cost. It forges well, can easily be bent hot or cold, and can be welded.
• -- 这只是面向现有的顾客吗？
• -- 是的，起初是这样的。不过如果电视 广告进展良好，我们将把更多的广告信 函邮寄给潜在的顾客。我们要看一看事 情的发展情况。
• 替代：指的是用替代词来取代语篇的
另一种语言成分。(one, kind, so, do)
• 汉语重重复，英语重替代
• This is the year, they predict, that webenabled phones will take off, both here and in Europe. It you don’t already have one, you’ll probably find one under the Christmas tree.
• 照应 (reference) • 省略和替代 (ellipsis and substitution) • 连接词语 (conjunction) • 词汇衔接 (lexical cohesion)
• 照应
• 在语篇中,如果对于一个词语的解释不能从 词语本身获得,而必须从该词语所指的对象 中寻求答案,这就产生了照应关系(Halliday &Hasan, 1976) 。照应是一种语义关系,它 指的是语篇中一个成分做另一个成分的参
• 为什么总是粗野的占有了精致的？男人能占 有他不应占有的女人、女人能占有她不应占 有的男人？
• -- “Will it target only existing customers?”
• -- “At first, yes. But if the TV ads go well, then we’re going to do a larger follow-up mailshot. We’ll see what happens.”
• The people were there and the land– the first dazed and bleeding and hungry, and, when winter came, shivering in their rags in the hovels which the bombings had made of their home; the second a vast wasteland of rubble. The German people had not been destroyed, as Hitler, who had tried to destroy so many other peoples and , in the end, when the war was lost, themselves, had wished.
• The employees were so angry that they asked to see the manager.
• I am pleased to inform you that the dispute has now been settled and we should be back to normal production within a few days. Nevertheless, as you can imagine, we are now faced with a sizeable backlog of orders. I have spoken to our production manager this morning, and he informs me that it will take at least ten days to clear these.
• 人民还在那里，土地也还在那里。但人民都茫 茫然、流着血、挨着饿，当冬Biblioteka Baidu到来时，他们 在被炸成断垣残壁的破屋中，穿着破烂的衣服 不停地打着哆嗦；土地则一片荒芜，瓦砾成堆。 曾经企图毁灭其他许多民族的希特勒，在战争 最后失败的时候也想要毁灭德国人民，但与他 的愿望相反，德国人民并没有被毁灭。
衔接手段
英汉语篇的连贯与翻译
一、连贯(coherence): 是语篇 中语义上的相互关联。存在于 语篇的深层，体现了语篇中各 个成分之间的逻辑关系，也体 现了语篇作者的交际意图和预 期的语篇功能。
• 语篇的连贯：通过读者的理解来实现 • 语篇的衔接：通过语法或词汇手段来实现。
• It’s lonely at the top. Just ask IBM. While a crowd of Lilliputian competitors is nibbling away at profits by selling “clones” of IBM’s personal computers, larger rivals are teaming up in an attempt to beat the computer colossus in the profitable software and office-network business.
• 熟铁几乎就是纯铁。熟铁在校办工厂里不 太常见,因为φ价格很贵。熟铁好锻, 冷热均 易弯曲成型, 还能够焊接。
• wrought iron - it - its - it;
• 汉语句群呈词汇(同词重复)衔接(一处零式 指称φ) :熟铁—熟铁—φ—熟铁。
• In addition English is the language of commerce and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position.
• In the last twenty years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, however, have at the same time grown faster, and so their standard of living hasn’t improved. What’s more, their increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. As a result, there has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
• —I’m not laughing at you, am I? • —You did.
• —He must come back. • —I don’t think so.
• 连接
• 连接是表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段,又 称“逻辑联系语”(黄国文, 1988) 。通 过使用各种连接词语,句子间的语义逻辑 关系可以明确表示出来。（also, but, why, because, at first, then, in front of）
• 词汇衔接
• 词汇衔接是通过运用一组意义相关的词语 以达到语篇衔接的目的。同义词、近义词、 上义词、下义词、概括词、反义词 （p111）
• My dictionary defines happy as “lucky” or “fortune”, but I think a better definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health. (Lynn Peters: Our Pursuit of Happiness)
• 对于观光了一天筋疲力尽的游人来说,最后 一站是老城,那里有许多酒吧,日暮时游人可 以在那儿开怀畅饮。
• If that‘s your last stop at the end of an exhausting day of sightseeing, stay in the old city, because there are plenty of bars in which to enjoy an early evening drink. (何善芬:《英汉语言对比研究》)
The long-awaited recession has apparently arrived and many economists are now saying that the downturn in the nation’s economic activity will be deeper and longer than previously forecast.
• 省略：省略是指将语言结构中的某个成分
省去不提。被省略的成分通常可以从上下文 中推知，因此省略具有语篇衔接功能。
• Why so often the coarse appropriates the fine thus, the wrong man ^ the woman, the wrong woman ^ the man?
商务语篇的衔接与翻译
• 所谓语篇，即在交际功能上相对完整和 独立的、通常是大于句子的一个语言片
段。它长可以是一本著作，短可以是一
则通知、一首小诗。（李运兴《英汉语 篇翻译》）
• 衔接与连贯
• 衔接(cohesion)：是将语句聚合在一起的语 法及词汇手段的统称，是语篇表层的可见 语言现象。
• 连贯(coherence): 是语篇中语义上的相互 关联。存在于语篇的深层，体现了语篇中 各个成分之间的逻辑关系，也体现了语篇 作者的交际意图和预期的语篇功能。
衔接手段的功能
• In the last twenty years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations have at the same time grown faster. The standard of living hasn’t improved. The increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. There has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
• 此外英语还是贸易语言，并取代了原来法 语和德语的位置而成为许多国家的第二语 言。
• It will be appreciated that you give your reply as soon as possible.
• 请尽快回复，不胜感激。
• 我没时间做这事。这是我的问题。
• I have no time to do it. That’s my trouble.
• 我的词典给“幸福”下的定义是“幸 运”“好运”,但是,我认为对幸福更好的
解释是“能够乐在其中”。我们越能乐
在其中,就越幸福。施人以爱,被人所爱, 友人相伴,对住所的选择随心所欲,乃至身 体健康,这一切所带来的快乐都易为人们 所忽略。(徐丽娜:《中国翻译》2001年 第4期)
Economist Sees a Deeper Slump Than Predicted
照点,也就是说,语篇中一个语言成分与另一 个可以与之相互解释的成分之间的关系。
• Wrought iron is almost pure iron. It is not frequently found in the school shop because of its high cost. It forges well, can easily be bent hot or cold, and can be welded.
• -- 这只是面向现有的顾客吗？
• -- 是的，起初是这样的。不过如果电视 广告进展良好，我们将把更多的广告信 函邮寄给潜在的顾客。我们要看一看事 情的发展情况。
• 替代：指的是用替代词来取代语篇的
另一种语言成分。(one, kind, so, do)
• 汉语重重复，英语重替代
• This is the year, they predict, that webenabled phones will take off, both here and in Europe. It you don’t already have one, you’ll probably find one under the Christmas tree.
• 照应 (reference) • 省略和替代 (ellipsis and substitution) • 连接词语 (conjunction) • 词汇衔接 (lexical cohesion)
• 照应
• 在语篇中,如果对于一个词语的解释不能从 词语本身获得,而必须从该词语所指的对象 中寻求答案,这就产生了照应关系(Halliday &Hasan, 1976) 。照应是一种语义关系,它 指的是语篇中一个成分做另一个成分的参
• 为什么总是粗野的占有了精致的？男人能占 有他不应占有的女人、女人能占有她不应占 有的男人？
• -- “Will it target only existing customers?”
• -- “At first, yes. But if the TV ads go well, then we’re going to do a larger follow-up mailshot. We’ll see what happens.”
• The people were there and the land– the first dazed and bleeding and hungry, and, when winter came, shivering in their rags in the hovels which the bombings had made of their home; the second a vast wasteland of rubble. The German people had not been destroyed, as Hitler, who had tried to destroy so many other peoples and , in the end, when the war was lost, themselves, had wished.
• The employees were so angry that they asked to see the manager.
• I am pleased to inform you that the dispute has now been settled and we should be back to normal production within a few days. Nevertheless, as you can imagine, we are now faced with a sizeable backlog of orders. I have spoken to our production manager this morning, and he informs me that it will take at least ten days to clear these.
• 人民还在那里，土地也还在那里。但人民都茫 茫然、流着血、挨着饿，当冬Biblioteka Baidu到来时，他们 在被炸成断垣残壁的破屋中，穿着破烂的衣服 不停地打着哆嗦；土地则一片荒芜，瓦砾成堆。 曾经企图毁灭其他许多民族的希特勒，在战争 最后失败的时候也想要毁灭德国人民，但与他 的愿望相反，德国人民并没有被毁灭。
衔接手段
英汉语篇的连贯与翻译
一、连贯(coherence): 是语篇 中语义上的相互关联。存在于 语篇的深层，体现了语篇中各 个成分之间的逻辑关系，也体 现了语篇作者的交际意图和预 期的语篇功能。
• 语篇的连贯：通过读者的理解来实现 • 语篇的衔接：通过语法或词汇手段来实现。
• It’s lonely at the top. Just ask IBM. While a crowd of Lilliputian competitors is nibbling away at profits by selling “clones” of IBM’s personal computers, larger rivals are teaming up in an attempt to beat the computer colossus in the profitable software and office-network business.
• 熟铁几乎就是纯铁。熟铁在校办工厂里不 太常见,因为φ价格很贵。熟铁好锻, 冷热均 易弯曲成型, 还能够焊接。
• wrought iron - it - its - it;
• 汉语句群呈词汇(同词重复)衔接(一处零式 指称φ) :熟铁—熟铁—φ—熟铁。
• In addition English is the language of commerce and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position.
• In the last twenty years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, however, have at the same time grown faster, and so their standard of living hasn’t improved. What’s more, their increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. As a result, there has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.