刘洪波雅思阅读词汇7天速成1(学员版)

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雅思词汇真经背诵计划

雅思词汇真经背诵计划一、计划周期：30天。

二、每天背诵量及安排。

1. 第1 - 10天：基础词汇积累（每天30 - 40个单词）- 第1天。

- abandon [əˈbændən] vt. 放弃；抛弃；放纵。

- ability [əˈbɪləti] n. 能力；才能。

- able [ˈeɪbl] adj. 能够的；有能力的。

- abnormal [æbˈnɔːml] adj. 反常的；不规则的；变态的。

- aboard [əˈbɔːd] prep. 在（船、飞机、车）上；上（船、飞机、车）adv. 在船（或飞机、车）上。

- abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ] vt. 废除；废止（法律、制度、习俗等）- abortion [əˈbɔːʃn] n. 流产；堕胎；失败；夭折。

- about [əˈbaʊt] prep. 关于；大约；在……周围adv. 大约；附近；到处；周围。

- above [əˈbʌv] prep. 在……上面；超过；高于adj. 上文的；上述的adv. 在上面；在上文。

- abroad [əˈbrɔːd] adv. 在国外；到海外；广为流传地。

- abrupt [əˈbrʌpt] adj. 突然的；意外的；唐突的；陡峭的。

- absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意。

- absent [ˈæbsənt] adj. 缺席的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的。

- absolute [ˈæbsəluːt] adj. 绝对的；完全的；专制的。

- absorb [əbˈsɔːb] vt. 吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使……全神贯注。

- abstract [ˈæbstrækt] adj. 抽象的；理论的；抽象派的n. 摘要；抽象概念；抽象派艺术作品vt. 摘要；提取；使……抽象化；转移（注意力、兴趣等）- absurd [əbˈsɜːd] adj. 荒谬的；可笑的；荒诞主义的。

剑桥雅思7阅读重点词汇

剑7阅读重点词汇Test1Passage 1prey n. 猎物v. 捕猎obstacle n. 障碍exploit v. 剥削；利用；开发alternative a. 替代的；二选一的n. 替代品make a go of 在...上获得成功nocturnal a. 夜间的ancestry n. 祖先（集合）ancestor n. 祖宗mammal n. 哺乳动物extinction n. 灭绝manoeuvre v. 操纵；控制n. 策略；调动prohibitive a. 禁止的；难以承受的fraction n. 小部分；少量；分数illuminate v. 照亮；阐明weird a. 怪异的uncanny a. 离奇的；难以解释的phantom n. 幻影；幻象a. 虚幻的limb n. 四肢；枝干detection n. 察觉；发觉feat n. 功绩navigation n. 航行sonar n. 声纳zoologist n. 动物学家coin v. 创造（新词）；杜撰（新语）application n. 申请；应用Passage 2entwine v. 缠住；缠绕manipulate v. 操作；控制；巧妙处理remote a. 遥远的；偏远的sophisticated a. 精妙的；复杂的aqueduct n. 导水管；高架渠innovative a. 创新的；革新的layout n. 规划；版面；布局sewer n. 下水道；缝纫者dramatically a. 戏剧地；引人注目地unprecedented a. 空前的；史无前例的hydropower n. 水电keep pace with 并驾齐驱soar v. 高飞；高涨soaring a. 高飞的；高翔的artificial a. 人工的；人造的irrigation n. 灌溉inferior a. 比...差的；下级的；下等的reiterate v. 重申；反复地说sanitation n. 卫生；卫生设施jeopardise v. 危及；危害(= endanger)compensation n. 补偿；赔偿reservior n. 贮水池；储藏处；储备withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；取钱thrive v. 兴盛；繁荣degrade v. 降级；退化aquifer n. 含水土层；蓄水层replenish v. 补充at the outset of 在...的开始、开端priority n. 居先；优先（权）infrastructure n. 基础；基础设施resort n. 凭借；手段v. 求助；诉诸universally adv. 普遍地address v. 处理；向...致辞；n. 地址；致辞pressing a. 紧迫的diminish v. 减小；减损tenfold a. adv. 十倍（的）（地）quadruple a. 四倍的v. 变成四倍conserve v. 保存；保藏account for 说明；占据inflation n. 胀大；通货膨胀peak n. 山顶；顶点v. 到达最高点specification n. 详述；规格；说明书accountability n. 责任；义务；可说明性warrant n. 授权；保证v. 保证；确保imitate v. 效仿；模仿domestic a. 家庭的；国内的；驯养的Passage 3radical a. 根本的；基本的；激进的unconscious a. 不省人事的；无意识的durable a. 持久的；耐用的perceive v. 察觉；感知peripherally adv. 外围地；外面地mannerism n. 风格；习惯auditorium n. 礼堂elusive a. 难懂的；难捉摸的psychodrama n. 心理剧1be attributed to 被归功为counterproductive a. 反效果的fatigue n. 疲乏；劳累curriculum n. 课程variant n. 变量solemnly adv. 严肃地；庄严地dynamics n. 动力学passive a. 被动的expectation n. 期望；期待；展望preliminary a. 预备的；初步的follow-up a. 后续的；追踪的stimulate v. 刺激；激励improvise v. 临时准备dramatisation n. 编剧；戏剧表现distinctive a. 与众不同的；有特色的paraconsciously 超意识地accessible a. 易接近的；可达到的conventional a. 传统的；习俗的hypnosis n. 催眠状态；催眠trance n. 恍惚；出身ceremony n. 典礼；仪式faith healing 信仰疗法ritual n. 仪式；惯例placebo n. 安慰剂acknowledge v. 承认tap v. 开发；轻打n. 水龙头dispense with 免除；省却；无需capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱categoric a. 无条件的；绝对的；直截了当的designated a. 指定的accredited a. 可接受的；可信任的notoriety n. 恶名；声名狼藉emulate v. 效仿；超越spectacular a. 引人入胜的；壮观的associate n. 合伙人；同事v.联系；使连结attribute ... to ... 归因于mediocre a. 普通的mind set 心态；倾向demanding a. 过分要求的；苛求的Test 2Passage 1typhoon n. 台风flimsy a. 脆弱的；易碎的collapse v. 倒塌；瓦解disastrous a. 灾难性的；极坏的topple v. 倾倒；跌倒elevated a．抬高的；升高的flatten v. 把...变平(=level)devastate v. 毁坏unscathed a. 安然无恙的；未受损伤的mystify v. 使...迷惑slender a. 苗条的；瘦长的；微弱的erect v. 竖立；建立；勃起absorber n. 吸收者；减震器dampen v. 使...潮湿；使...沮丧peg n. 钉；桩；栓wedge n. 楔子v. 楔入Buddhism n. 佛教watchtower n. 瞭望塔architecture n. 建筑；建筑学batter v. 打坏；猛击eave n. 屋檐overhang v. 悬于...之上earthenware n. 土器；陶器resilience n. 弹力；回复力flex v. 弯曲startling a. 令人吃惊的suspend v. 悬挂；吊；中止；暂缓stationary a. 固定的pendulum n. 钟摆trial and error 反复试验stack n. 堆；一堆slither v. 滑动；滑行to and fro 来回地；往复地consecutive a. 连续地；连贯地constrained a. 被强迫的；受压制的；勉强的bang v. 重击；发出巨响transmit v. 传输；传送taper v. 变尖；变细n. 锥形successive a. 连续的；继承的vertical a. 垂直的corresponding a. 相应的；通讯的pillar n. 柱子；台柱；栋梁counterpart n. 相对应的人或物；配对物jolt n. v. 摇晃anticipate v. 预期；期望pagoda n. 宝塔religious a. 宗教的；虔诚的Passage 2collateral damage 附带损害enervation n. 削弱；衰弱destruction n. 破坏；毁灭mechanisation n. 机械化fertiliser n. 肥料；受精媒介物pesticide n. 杀虫剂monoculture n. 单一栽培battery rearing 笼养livestock n. 家畜；牲畜genetic engineering 基因工程；遗传工程colossal a. 巨大的；庞大的skylark, partridge, lapwing, corn bunting均为鸟名vanish v. 消失；突然不见hedgerow n. 灌木篱墙landscape n. 风景；地形faecal filth 排泄物；污秽salmon n. 鲑鱼；三文鱼；大马哈鱼loch n. 湖；（狭长的）海湾algae n. 藻类；海藻run-off n. 流失物externality n. 外部因素transaction n. 办理；交易aesthetic a. 美学的；审美的quantify v. 确定数量；量化staggering a. 蹒跚的；摇晃的；令人惊讶的equivalent a. 相当的；相等的n. 等价物arable a. 可耕的；适于耕种的pasture n. 牧地；草原；牧场conservative a. 保守的；守旧的n. 保守派nitrate n. 硝酸盐phosphate n. 磷肥；磷酸盐cryptosporidium [植]小孢子, 小芽胞, 芽体organic a. 器官的；有机的；组织的threefold adv. 三倍purify v. 使...纯净；净化deteriorate v. （使）恶化Passage 3slippery a. 滑的；光滑的handrail n. 栏杆；扶手footbridge n. 人行桥institutionalisation n. 体制化；制度化fluctuate v. 波动；上下起伏motorised vehicle 机动车break down 损坏；倒塌；瓦解wheelbarrow n. 独轮手推车inaccessible a. 无法接近的；不能达到的expenditure n. 支出；花费affordable a. 花费的起的；经受的住的hindered a. 妨碍的；阻碍的Test 3 Passage 1cognition n. 认识；认知repel v. 击退；抵制；拒绝接受channel v. 引导n. 海峡；频道；路线propagate v. 繁殖；传播；宣传embarrassment n. 困窘；难堪；数量过多aphid n. [动物] 蚜虫launch v. 发起；发射；发动；开办ceaselessly adv. 不停地；不断地transmission n. 传送；传播encode v. 编码；译成密码basic instinct 本能sustainable a. 可持续的；可维持的cellulose n. 纤维素cultivate v. 培养；耕种antibiotics n. 抗生素；抗生学fungus (pl. fungi) 真菌类植物diverse a. 不同的；多种多样的domesticate v. 驯养modify v. 更改；修改swap v. n. 交换outstrip v. 超过；超越primitive a. 原始的；基本的；简单的foraging trip 觅食之旅integrate v. 使...成整体；使...一体化bearing n. 方向、方位；关联、关系mobilise v. 使...移动；动员precaution n. 预防；警惕；防范odour n. 气味exhaustive a. 彻底的；相近的convert v. 使...转换；改变信仰n. 皈依者weed-killer n. 除草剂upgrade v. 升级；提升；改良品种agribusiness n. 农业综合企业Passage 2migration n. 迁移；移民long-standing a. 长期存在的conflicting a. 相冲突的；不一致的sound a. 健全的；完善的；合理的objective variant 客观变量interbreed v. 异种交配；杂种繁殖deduce v. 推论；演绎incisor n. 门牙dental specimen 牙齿样本Passage 3heritage n. 遗产；遗留物deterioration n. 变坏；退化；堕落co-ordinate v. 整理；协调Ministerial Conference 部长会议combat v. n. 战斗；搏斗；抗击initial a. 最初的；初始的；首字母的joint action 联合行动confined to 被限制于...Mediterranean n. 地中海a. 地中海的Nordic countries 北欧国家recreational a. 休闲的；娱乐的fulfill v. 履行；实现；完成raw material 原料unrivalled a. 无与伦比的unwind v. 展开；松开dawn n. 黎明；拂晓artificial a. 人工的；人造的exploit v. 开发；开采；剥削vital v. 重大的；至关重要的transcend national frontiers 超越国家界限inevitable a. 不可避免的；必然的unforeseen a. 无法预料的resolution n. 坚定；决心；决议systematisation n. 系统化；组织化surveillance sites 监视点physiology n. 生理学harmonise v. 使...和谐；使...一致exclude v. 拒绝接纳；把...排除在外；排斥renewable a. 可更新的；可恢复的boundary n. 边界；分界线preserve v. 保护；保存monitor v. 监控n. 监视器imbalance n. 不平衡；不均衡acidification n. 酸化compound n. 复合物；混合物v. 混合proposal n. 提议；建议Test 4Passage 1pyramid n. 金字塔kite n. 风筝hieroglyph n. 象形文字；图画文字intrigue v. 激起...的兴趣；引发aeronautics n. 航空学；航空术reckon with 对付；解决；处理harness v. 统治；管理；支配accomplished a. 完成的；熟练的；多才艺的pulley n. 滑轮；滑车artefact n. 人造物品；人工制品sophistication n. 复杂；诡辩debris n. 碎片；残骸foe n. 反对者；敌人resemble v. 类似Passage 2volcanic a. 火山的；暴烈的archipelago n. 群岛commercial a. 商业的；贸易的fishery n. 渔业；水产业；渔场circulate v. （使）流通；（使）循环nourishment n. 食品；营养品predictable a. 可预测的abundance n. 丰富；充裕flourish v. 繁荣；兴盛spawner n. 产卵鱼(虾、蟹等), 已成熟的雌鱼spawn v. 产卵n. 卵ultimately adv. 最后地；最终地ex-vessel value 前船舶价值constitution n. 宪法；章程；惯例mandate v. 命令；要求in excess of 超过；较...多put a halt 停止；终止commission v. 委托；委任n. 代理权；佣金contend v. 主张；争论；斗争；竞争Passage 3plausible a. 似是而非的bursts of noise 迸发的噪音disruptive a. 破坏性的；分裂性的control subjects 参照组；对照组decline v. 下降interfere with 妨碍；干涉；干扰tune out 隔绝；关掉chronic a. 慢性的；长期的intrusion n. 闯入；侵扰space v. 留间隔；隔开random intervals 随机区间；杂乱间隔proofread v. 校正；校对transient a. 短暂的；暂时的distract v. 分散（注意力）；转移distractible a. 易于分心的；不专心的distractibility n. 注意力不集中；易分心。

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【AAA】刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全.doc

Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4TEST11.ignore=paRnoattention=notpaRanRattention=takenonotice=nottakeanRnotice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistakenview=misconception错误的观点n.4.easRtoreach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modifR(modification)改变v.6.destruction=destroR=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=makeinquiries=enquiries=gointo=probe=lookinto调查v.8.where=geographicallocation表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers,television=media媒体n.13.wheretolive=habitat居住地n.14.getwarmer=globalwarming变暖n.15.contributeto=plaRapart有助于v.16.survive=continuingeRistence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=sRllabus课程n.18.linkto=beconnectedwith=belinkedwith把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentarR不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badlR=notverRgood=nogoodatsomething=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.eRceptional=good=eRcellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.goodvisionabilitR=visionisobviouslRmore useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=numberone=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=betakenaback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=cannotsee瞎的adj.Cambridge4TEST21.initiative=onRourown/bRRourself=independentlR=onRourowninitiative=underRourownsteam=tobethepersonwhostartssomething=plan=law主动的，自发的adj.主动权n.2.increase=goup=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pickup=widen=beontheincrease=intensifR=eRpand=buildup上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bringup教学v.4.morethanonelanguage=bilingual=sb'ssecondlanguage多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identifR=pinpoint=diagnose决定v.6.Roungpeople=teenager=Routh=inRourteens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munitR=allthepeopleinaparticulararea,citR,countrRetc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=beafailure=gowrong=notwork=donogood=fallthrough失败v.10.endanger=toputsomeoneorsomethingindangerofbeinghurt=damaged=destroRed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=varietR=wide-ranging=miRed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certaintohappenandimpossibletoavoid不可避免的adj.13.differfrom=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=notwilling=dragRourfeet=beloathtodosomething=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=asksomebodR'sadvice=seekadvice=get/obtainadvice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someonewhohasbeentrainedtogiveaparticularformoftreatmentforphRsicalormentalillness临床医学家n.18.retrain=takingcourses再教育v.19.salarR=paR=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=makeacomplaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=begoodforRou/dosomebodRgood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.phRsical=relatingtothebodR=bodilR身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompanR=with=together=alongwith=comewit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relatingtothehealthorstateofsomeone'smind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibilitR=can=potential=thereisachance/possibilitR可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut减少n.32.class=tRpe=kind=sort=stRle=categorR=varietR种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=eRercise排练，演习n.34.peer=RourpeersarethepeoplewhoarethesameageasRou,orwhohavethesametRpeofjob,socialclassetc同伴n.35.defensive=usedorintendedtoprotectsomeoneorsomethingagainstattack防御n.36.strategR=waR=method=approach=technique=sRstem=tactics方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=withtheaidof帮助v.38.specific=give(somebodR)moredetails=eRpandon=enlargeon=gointomore=greaterdetail=bemorespecific=bemoreeRplicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=aparticulartRpeofsolid,liquid,orgas物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance环境n.41.engage=givesomebodRajob=emploR=takeon=appoint=recruit=signup雇佣v.bine=miR=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=thestateofcontinuingtoliveoreRist幸存n.Cambridge4TEST31.quotation=asentenceorphrasefromabook,speechetcwhichRourepeatinaspeechorpieceofwritingbecauseitisinterestingoramusing引言n.2.eRemplifR=eRample=case=instance=tobeaverRtRpicaleRampleofsomething=togiveaneRampleofsomething例证v.3.eRplain=tell=saRwhat/whR/whereetc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shedlighton=setout解释v.4.outline=todescribesomethinginageneralwaR,givingthemainpointsbutnotthedetails概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=getsomebodRtodosomething=influence=encourage=talksomebodRinto=putsomebodRupto鼓励v.7.loan=anamountofmoneRthatRouborrowfromabanketc.贷款n.8.povertR=beingpoor贫穷n.9.crime=illegalactivitiesingeneral犯罪n.10.reject=torefusetoaccept,believein,oragreewithsomething拒绝v.11.emploR=givesomebodRajob=takeon=engage=appoint=recruit=signup雇佣v.12.courier=apersonorcompanRthatispaidtotakepackagessomewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keepsomethinginstorage=preserve存储n.14.facilitR=rooms,equipment,orservicesthatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungrR/power-mad=competitive=determinedtobesuccessful,rich,powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=totrRverRhardtodosomething=attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature=apartofsomethingthatRounoticebecauseitseemsimportant,interesting,ortRpical；apartoftheland,especiallRapartthatRoucansee:apartofsomeone'sface,suchastheireRes,noseetc特点n.18.planet=theworld=earth/Earth=theglobe地球n.19.unpredictable=can'tsaR/tell=unforeseeable=itremainstobeseen无法预测的adj.20.machinerR=machines,especiallRlargeones=asRstemorsetofprocessesfordoingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism机械n.21.ultimate=someone'sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheRhopetoachieveinthefuture=final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere=thefeelingthataneventorplacegivesRou=themiRtureofgasesthatsurroundstheEarth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=takeplace=thereis=comeabout=comeup=turnup=arise=strike发生v.24.eRpand=getbigger=grow=swellup=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form=tRpe=waRsomethingis/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=becomevisible=comeintoview/comeintosight=comeout=reappear出现v.27.emit=tosendoutgas,heat,light,soundetc发出，放射n.28.situation=circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worriedandembarrassedaboutwhatRoulooklikeorwhatotherpeoplethinkofRou自觉的n.30.generate=tomakesomeonehaveaparticularfeeling=form=produce=create产生v.31.various=thereareseveraldifferenttRpesofthatthing=different=avarietRofsomething=differing=varRing=anassortmentofsomething=assorted=amiRofsomething=amiRtureofsomething各种各样的adj.32.convenient=athingorwaRofdoingsomethingthatiseasRandquick;atimeorarrangementthatisconvenient方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=nottakesides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquirR=investigate=makeinquiries/enquiries=gointo=probe=lookinto=solve=beunderinvestigation调查35.observe=notice=cansee/cantell=see=spot=detect=notebecomeaware/conscious=catchsomebodR'seRe=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thingtosaR=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consistof=comprise=becomposedof=bemadeupof包含，包括v.38.focuson=dealsonlRwith=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=haveaneffect=haveanimpact=takeeffect=makeadifference=impact影响v.40.gainedfrom=comefrom=bebasedon=originate=gobackto=haveitsoriginsin=haveitsrootsin=derivefrom/bederivedfrom=developfrom/evolvefrom产生于….V.41.concern=worrR=stress=anRietR=strain=afeelingofworrRaboutsomethingimportant关心，担心n. Cambridge4TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on(the)record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=phRsicallRstrongandgoodatsport=fit=beinshape=beingoodcondition运动的adj.3.intensive=involvingalotofactivitR,effort,orcarefulattentioninashortperiodoftime=rapid=crashcourse密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=ashortsuddeneffortorincreaseinactivitR=burstofanger/enthusiasm/temperetc爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identifR=pickout=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=notenough=toolittle=few=scarce=insufficient=beinshortsupplR=lackofsomething=beshort不足的adj.7.develop=comefrom=bebasedon=originate=gobackto=haveitsoriginsin=haveitsrootsin=derivefrom=bederivedfrom=befoundedon=growoutof=developfrom=evolvefrom发展，生长v.8.enable=makesomethingpossible=allow=permit=pavethewaRfor=clearthewaRfor使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guessinadvance预测v.10.specialist=someonewhoknowsalotaboutaparticularsubject,orisverRskilledatit=eRpert专家n.11.theoretical=relatingtothestudRofideas,especiallRscientificideas,ratherthanwithpracticalusesoftheideasorpracticaleRperience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlRing=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentarR=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animalsetc=somebodR'scharacter=qualitiesofsomething=tRpe自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=changelanguages=interpret=putsomethingintoEnglish/French/Japaneseetc翻译v.16.ancient=belongingtoatimelongagoinhistorR,especiallRthousandsofRearsago古老的adj.17.realistic=whenpictures,filmsetcmakethingsseemreal=lifelike=realism=truetolife=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=apieceofpaperthathasofficialinformationonit；apieceofwrittenworkthatisstoredonacomputer文件n.20.equal=thesameinnumber,amount,leveletcassomethingelse平等的adj.21.influence=effect=sideeffect=impact=whatsomethingdoesto=theimplications影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=beonRourbest=staRoutoftrouble行为n.pare=toeRamineorjudgetwoormorethingsinordertoshowhowtheRaresimilartoordifferentfromeachother=liken=makeacomparison=drawananalogR=drawaparallel=contrast比较v.24.economicallR=inawaRthatisrelatedtosRstemsofmoneR,trade,orbusiness经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identifR=pinpoint=diagnose=tostartanewbusinessororganization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=abletocontinuewithoutcausingdamagetotheenvironment;abletocontinueforalongtime可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/becomeaware=cantell=appreciate=beconscious=knowperfectlRwell=know/learnfromeRperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/putalimit=keepto/keepwithin=confine=fiR限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=givesomebodRRourword=swear=vow=committo=pledge保证v.31.libertR=freedom=afreehand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiencR=self-reliance独立n.33.consistent=alwaRsbehavinginthesamewaRorhavingthesameattitudes,standardsetc-usuallRusedtoshowapproval持续的adj.34.underestimate=tothinkorguessthatsomethingissmaller,cheaper,easieretcthanitreallRis=tothinkthatsomeoneisnotasgood,clever,orskilful,astheRreallRare低估v.35.provision=whenRouprovidesomethingthatsomeoneneedsnoworinthefuture提供n.Cambridge5TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.didnothave=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.timelimit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=goup/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=eRpand=pickup=widen=intensifR=buildup增加7.assistant=helper=coach助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=largescale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=beasign=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=beevidence=reveal表明，显示v.10.quotation=aphraseorsentencethatiswell-knownoroftenused引用语n.11.predecessor=someonewhohadRourjobbeforeRoustarteddoingit前辈，前任n.12.rival=aperson,group,ororganizationthatRoucompetewithinsport,business,afightetc=competitor对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=somethingthatstopsRoupaRingattentiontowhatRouaredoing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=besomethingwrongwith错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=thekeR基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate给予v.17.stabilitR=theconditionofbeingsteadRandnotchanging稳定n.18.prevail=win=comeoutontop=prevail=carrRthedaR流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=ifsomeoneorsomethingfascinatesRou,RouareattractedtothemandthinktheRareeRtremelRinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=putsomebodRoff打扰v.23.eRpect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psRchologR=thestudRofthemindandhowitinfluencespeople'sbehavior心理学n.25.obeR=complRwith=abidebR=keepto=sticktotherules=conformto=observe=respect=toetheline=gobRthebook/dosomethingbRthebook服从，顺从v.26.identitR=someone'sidentitRistheirnameorwhotheRare身份n.27.severitR=usedofthedegreeofsomethingundesirable严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=eRpand展开，发生v.29.deliberatelR=intentionallR=onpurpose=purposelR故意地adv.30.moral=relatingtotheprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrongbehavior,andwiththedifferencebetweengoodandevil道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.priorto=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doingorsaRingthesamethingmanRtimes重复n.33.genetic=relatingtogenesorgenetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=whenRoudecidenottohavesomethingvaluable,inordertogetsomethingthatismoreimportant牺牲v.35.victim=someonewhohasbeenattacked,robbed,ormurdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=winover=talkaround说服v.38.surrender=givein投降，放弃v.39.eRtinct=aneRtincttRpeofanimalorplantdoesnoteRistanRmore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plentR=ample充裕的，丰富的adj.41.eRaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=somethingthathappensoreRistsinsocietR,science,ornature,especiallRsomethingthatisstudiedbecauseitisdifficulttounderstand现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=togivesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesomething使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=achangefortheworse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=toarrangethingsorputthemintheirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=copewith=dealwith安排，处理v.48.intuition=theabilitRtounderstandorknowsomethingbecauseofafeelingratherthanbRconsideringthefacts=instinct直觉n.49.emission=agasorothersubstancethatissentintotheair排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut减少，减小v.51.postpone=putback=delaR=adjourn延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessarR=essential至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=eRpectingthatbadthingswillhappeninthefutureorthatsomethingwillhaveabadresult=gettingworse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort尝试，努力Cambridge5TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=comefrom=stemfrom起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bringintoeRistence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couplewith=and=accompanR=with伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient因素n.7.unique=havethedistinction=distinct=different=eRtraordinarR=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territorR=industrR=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=suchas=foreRample=forinstance例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=eRhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=relRon=contain=comprise包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=eRtraordinarR=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.drawon=absorb=dowith吸收v.18.settleon=makechoiceof=decideon选定v.19.superioritR=advantage=edge=highqualitR优势n.20.accompanR=when=keepcompanR=beassociatedwith陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception观点n.22.artificialintelligence=reasoninginmachine人工智能n.23.involvewith=associatewith=linkto=relateto与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=conveR=public=deliver发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour任务，工作n.27.instantlR=rapidlR=immediatelR立即地adv.28.react=respond反应v.29.relateto=dependon=linkto=associatewith=involvewith与…有关系v.30.subjectviews=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individualopinions主观观点n.31.distort=tochangetheappearance,sound,orshapeofsomethingsothatitisstrangeorunclear;toreportsomethinginawaRthatisnotcompletelRtrueorcorrect=misinterpret扭曲，歪曲v.32.figureout=settle=decide=tell=understand理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=comeforth出现v.35.remain=keep=staR=maintain保持v.36.eRploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catchup=sweepover赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=Ret然而，但是adv.Cambridge5TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=getover=eRceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcitR不足的adj.4.supplR=provide=furnish=give提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit开始，投放v.6.suppose=eRpect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=eRplore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent障碍，困难n.9.peer=thepeoplewhoareatthesameageasRou,orwhohavethesametRpeofjob,socialclassetc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=moneR=funds=financialresource资金，基金n.13.interact=ifpeopleinteractwitheachother,theRtalktoeachother,worktogetheretc.互动v.14.irrigation=thesupplementoflandorcropswithwater灌溉n.15.sedimentation=thenaturalprocessbRwhichsmallpiecesofrock,earthetcsettleatthebottomoftheseaetcandformasolidlaRer积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cutin打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthR宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found建造v.21.blame=tosaRorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisresponsibleforsomethingbad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=eRist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess包含v.itarR=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=eRtinct=disappear消失v.30.consciousness=awareness意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=eRpect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=eRtensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporarR=modern-daR,present-daR同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlRing=likelR=eRpected=latent潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=eRpectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5TEST4munitR=organization=group=bodR团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequentlR=thus=accordinglR=hence=therefore=asaresult结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=endpoint=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=whollR=everRwhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession下降n.12.undermine=destroR=damage=hurt=ruin破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinarR=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=innerlaRer=inside内部的n.&adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.eRpand=eRtend=grow=boom=spreadout=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle压制v.22.speedup=increasespeed=quickenup=acceleratespeed加速v.23.eRamine=analRse=surveR=inspect=studR=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversR=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analRse=eRplore=research=surveR=investigate=inspect察觉，发现v.26.claim=saR=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.bereferredtoas=beknownas=beregardedas被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plentR=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardlessof=despiteof=takenonoticeof不管，不顾33.adequate=plentR=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=makesure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=makecertainof保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching合适的adj.Cambridge6TEST11.eRchange=applRsomethinglearnedinonetoothers=change交流v.2.eRpertise=skill专门技术n.3.emploR=analRze=studR使用v.4.investigation=analRsis调查n.5.narrow=focuson缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copR=replicate=repeat复制v.7.fundedsupport=finance资金n.8.athlete=sportsmenandwomen运动员n.9.calculate=measure计算v.10.event=championship赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design计划v.12.improve=grow=getbetter进步v.13.trade=economR贸易n.14.transport=importoreRport=deliver运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit价值n.18.deliverR=eRportorimport运输n.19.nearbRnations=geographicneighbours近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide国际的adj.21.shipping=freight船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=taR税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging困难的adj.26.essentialsupplies=foodandclothing=necessities必需品n.27.supplR=provision=support供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=goup=boost=eRpand=eRtend增长v.29.respect=credibilitR=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge了解n.31.well-being=health健康n.32.impossible=outofthequestion=unlikelR不可能adj.33.catch=eRploit=capture抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance环境n.35.pushtoone'slimits=testone'slimits挑战极限36.notunmanageable=cancopewith能处理的37.presentinhabitant=descendant居民38.giveup=abandon放弃39.mainlR=heavilR=most主要地40.visit=venture参观Cambridge6TEST21.successfullR=spectacularlRwell=wonderfullR成功地adv.2.peoplepower=localpressuregroups群众力量n.mute=travel通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salarR=wage=paRment收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good有益的adj.7.together=facetoface共同8.refute=notmean=rebut=denR反驳v.9.accommodation=live=livingcondition住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit用处n.11.averagelRgood=reasonablebutnotspecial较好的12.limited=minimal有限的adj.13.movefromonetoanother=adoptoneoveranother转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=pointout=implR表明15.related=associated有关联的adj.16.suffer=beafflicted忍受（病痛）v.17.research=studR=investigation=surveR研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change影响v.19.disease=medicalcomplain=illness病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=goup=add=escalate上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease下降n.24.elderlRpeople=oldpeople老人n.25.independent=self-reliant自立的adj.26.regular=dailR定期的adj.27.eRercise=phRsicalactivitR运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease下降v.30.lonelR=emotionallRisolated孤独的adj.31.handsignal=gesture=bodRlanguage手势n.32.restricted=limited有限的adj.33.concept=abstractidea=definition定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed特定的adj.35.earlR=older早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualifR=achieve=keep=satisfR完成v.37.sufficient=enough足够的adj.38.quantitR=howmanR=amount数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop防止v.41.poor=lackof=impoverished贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present新的adj.43.ancestor=earlRpeople=predecessor祖先n.Cambridge6TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature教育v.2.actor=star演员n.3.first=initial=earlR=primarR最早的adj.4.storRline=narrative=plot故事情节n.5.globe=world世界n.6.earlR=first=ancient早期的adj.7.passingoftime=flowoftime时光的流逝8.describe=tell描述v.9.realistic=achievable现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism反馈n.12.matchto=suitto合适13.reward=promotionoradvancement=prize=benefit奖励n.14.linkto=makesomethingcontingenton=associatewith=connectwith=relateto联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success成就n.16.remuneration=paRment酬金n.17.tendto=proneto倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=eRperience=notice=haveanopinion感觉v.19.participate=beinvolvedin=takepartin=join参加v.20.staff=emploRee=worker员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable可见的adj.22.clericalworker=clerk书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise评判v.24.job=work=assignment工作n.25.delaR=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=putoff延后v.26.growingold=ageing变老27.people=mortal=people=individual人n.28.life=lifespan生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibilitR=opportunitR=risk=luck机会n.30.production=generation=output产量n.31.theorR=hRpothesis=guess=guesswork猜想n.32.focuson=emphasize=aimat=concentrateon集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient短缺的adj.Cambridge6TEST41.drugcompanR=pharmaceuticalcompanR医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=goup=grow上升v.4.research=studR=surveR=investigation研究n.5.work=beaneffectivewaR=beuseful=help=achieve=succeed=haveaneffect=happen=turnout奏效v.6.technique=strategR=skill=eRpertise=method=waR技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation批评n.8.moral=ethical道德的adj.9.legitimate=haveeverRrighttodo=legal=right=authorized合法的adj.10.moneR=profit=benefit=income=currencR钱n.11.adults=menandwomen成人n.12.maternal=mother=female母亲的adj.cation=literacR=cultivation教育n.14.child=infant=kid孩子n.15.approRimatelR=about=around=nearlR大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinarR=everRdaR常见的adj.19.behalved=declinebR50%减半20.keR=mostimportant=crucial=critical=significant关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture生产v.22.detailed=eRplicit=specific细节的adj.23.onitsown=alone自身24.however=but=Ret但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognizethedifference=differentiate区别v.Cambridge7TEST11.relRon=dependon依靠v.2.avoid=staRawaR=keepawaR=steerclearof=makeadetour避免v.3.dieout=eRtinct=disappear=nolongereRist灭绝v.4.hunt=searchfor=lookfor=trRtofind=insearchof打猎v.5.limb=armorleg=bodR=organ四肢n.6.perceive=sense=see=spot=becomeawareof=observe感知，感觉v.7.calculate=measure=workout=figure=estimate=access计算v.8.detection=finding=observation探测n.9.coin=invent=make=create=comeupwith发明，创造v.10.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading不精确的adj.11.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration改进n.12.downward=fall=drop=downhill下降的adj.13.increasing=soaring=growing=rising上升的adj.14.primarilR=mainlR=largelR=chieflR=principallR主要地adv.15.dueto=becauseof=asaresultof=thanksto=owingto因为16.decrease=reduce=fall=drop下降v.17.radical=nottraditional=new=unconventional激进的adj.18.priorto=beforehand=before=inadvance=ontheeveof之前19.demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough要求高的，艰难的adj.20.wellknown=notorious=famous=renowned著名的adj.21.admit=acknowledge=confess=totellthetruth承认v.22.besimilarto=like=resemble=beararesemblanceto=akinto相似v.23.resultin=leadto=cause=giveriseto=bringabout引发，导致24.sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=compleR=complicated复杂的25.address=solve=dealwith=handle处理v.26.imitate=copR=impersonate=followone'seRample模仿v.27.maintain=continue=carrRon=keepup=preserve维持v.28.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume喂食v.29.illustrate=show=demonstrate=makeclear=reflect说明v.30.memorise=learn=commitsomethingtomemorR记忆v.31.conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative传统的v.32.notice=see=spot=beawareof=beconsciousof注意到v.33.retain=keep=save=holdonto保持v.34.convince=persuade=winsb.over=satisfR使确信v.35.spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand壮观的adj. Cambridge7TEST21.interior=inner=inside内部的adj.2.change=shift=alter=transfer改变v.3.establish=build=found=setup=start建立v.4.official=authoritR=leader=supervisor官员n.5.isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=farawaR隔离的,边远的adj.6.collapse=fall=fallover=falldown倒塌v.7.destroR=devastate=wreck=obliterate毁灭v.8.absorb=digest=takein=assimilate吸收v.9.severe=serious=stiff=heavR严重的adj.10.purifR=refine=distill净化v.11.hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled隐藏的adj.12.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop下降v.13.deteriorate=getworse=godown=decline变坏v.14.recognize=know=identifR=pickout认出v.15.conclude=summarize=cometo/reachtheconclusion得出结论v.16.adaptto=getusedto=becomeaccustomedto=adjustto适应v.17.initiate=start=launch=open=setinmotion开始，发起v.18.referto=mention=alludeto=touchon提到v.19.identifR=name=recognize=diagnose确定，认同v.。

雅思阅读考点词汇刘洪波解析汇报+同义替换

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先天的固有的与生俱来的installment integrate intelligence intenseinteraction interference干扰干预妨碍interior内部的interruptinvolve isolate * keen敏锐敏捷渴望热爱labellack landscape latitude纬度界限活动X围legal Legitimate合法的正当的合理的；使合法=legitimize legislate用立法规定，立法，制定法律legislation立法，法律* likelihood可能性limb分支枝干肢臂limitation *linguistic link log look-in迅速一瞥，顺便看望Lopsided=imbalanced倾向一方的不平衡的loss * magnetic=geomagnetic地磁的有磁性的，有吸引力的=charismatic，attractive* mainlyMalfunction=misfunction发生故障不起作用；故障失灵，疾病mammal manage to do manifestmanufacture 制造，制造业Marine船舶的海产的航海的，海运业，舰队水兵海军massive * matemeasure * mechanism机制原理途径，机械装置mental mercury水银，水星，温度表，精神元气Meteorological流星migrate military * minimise *modify * moisture水分湿度潮湿降雨量monitor moral Mortal凡人的终有一死的-immortal不朽的不死的motif主题动机主旨mould模具，浇筑用泥土覆盖，发霉nativeNocturnal夜间发生的-nocturne夜景夜曲夜景画Norm标准standard规Xnormal惯例pattern notoriety-notoriousnourishmentnutrient obey objective obligationobtain oddodour气味smell aroma scent声誉prestige offensiveofficial opportunity optimum最适宜的optimal option * ordinary organ original * other thanout of the question overe overtake paralyse使麻痹无力瘫痪Paramount最重要至高无上的=overriding推翻践踏不顾predominant predominate preponderant preponderating占据优势胜过压倒，最高统治者participate particular patient pattern peakperceive *peripheral外围的次要的神经末梢的，外部设备permit persuade pessimistic phasephysical plagiarise剽窃抄袭Plague瘟疫epidemic disease，pest灾难捣乱annoyance折磨使苦恼=harass hassle harry chivy使灾祸=blight破坏使枯萎plenty ofplot portable pose potential *poverty praise predict prefer to *Preferential优先的pressing primary * principalprinciple * priority private profit *Prohibit=forbid interdict proscribe disallowStem block dispute bar banprolong promote promptproperty * proportion * prosper provision规定条款，供给品=supply*purify qualify quantity *radical激进的extremist revolutionary根本的fundamental ultimate彻底的plete thorough ，根底stem root base原子团range rapid * rare raterather than * react realise * recognizeRecreation=entertainment amusement pleasure reduction refer to regulaterehearsal reject relevant reliancereligious reluctant=unwilling to-reluct对抗不同意rely on * remain *reproduce resemble * resistance responsiblerestrict * result from * retain *Revision=alternation=revise rescriptreviveRudimentary=fundamental underlying-rudiment ruin scenicsecrete * separate * setting settle *shade shift * signal similar *skepticism soarSolicitvt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求begvi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求sophisticate *specific * stable standard steerstem fromstride n. 大步；步幅；进展vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在…vi. 跨；跨过；大步行走Make big stridessubdivide vi. 细分，再分vt. 把……再分，把……细分substancesubstitute * subtle sufficiency superiorsupersedeadj. 作废的；被取代的supplement suppressvt. 抑制refrain control subdue；镇压；oppress crush conquer废止inhibitSupremacy=dominationsurrounding * surveillance=observation supervision monitoring oversightsurvive * suspicious=mistrustful untrustingSustenance-sustain support survival foodswift =fast* symbol symptomSyntheticadj. 综合的~substance；合成的，人造的n. 合成物tension term thanks to *therapy threatthroughout=from first to lastTolln. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税Toxic=poisnousTracevi. 追溯；沿路走vt. 追踪，查探；描绘；回溯n. 痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳trackwordn. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行；用纤拉vi. 追踪；走；留下足迹trait n. 特性，特点；品质；少许*Transcend=exceed surpass例句we have mon interests which transcend those differences. tremendoustriggervt. 引发，引起；触发tropicalUnbiased=just justical fairunderlie sth = base on sthunexpectedly * uniformunusual valuable vanish /fade awayVariation=change fluctuationvariety * versatile violent visiblevisual waste well-being witness.guixue.11 / 11。

刘洪波词汇真经单词excel

刘洪波词汇真经单词excel摘要：1.刘洪波词汇真经简介2.单词Excel方法介绍3.高效记忆单词策略4.实例分析与应用正文：随着英语学习的日益普及，词汇记忆成为了许多学生的一大挑战。

刘洪波词汇真经以其独特的方法帮助学生高效记忆单词，受到了广泛好评。

本文将详细介绍刘洪波词汇真经的单词Excel方法，并提供一些实用的记忆策略。

一、刘洪波词汇真经简介刘洪波词汇真经是一套系统的英语词汇学习方法，强调通过科学的词根、词缀、词义分析，以及联想记忆等方法，帮助学生快速掌握单词。

该方法将单词学习分解为四个层次：识记、理解、应用、熟练，旨在培养学生全面掌握单词的能力。

二、单词Excel方法介绍1.建立单词表格：将单词按照字母顺序排列，形成一个表格。

在表格中，可以添加词根、词缀、词义等信息，方便学生查阅和学习。

2.制定学习计划：根据个人时间和学习进度，制定合适的学习计划。

每天学习一定数量的单词，不断积累。

3.循环复习：利用艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，定期复习已学过的单词。

可以根据复习次数和记忆程度，调整复习频率。

4.单词检测：通过自测或与他人交流，检验学习效果。

及时发现自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地加强学习。

三、高效记忆单词策略1.联想记忆法：通过将单词与生活中的场景、人物或其他单词联系起来，增强记忆效果。

2.词根词缀法：掌握常见的词根、词缀，可以帮助学生更好地理解单词含义，提高记忆效果。

3.制定个性化学习计划：根据个人学习能力，制定适合自己的学习计划，提高学习效率。

4.多样化学习方式：尝试使用单词卡片、默写、听写等多种方式，增加单词学习的趣味性。

四、实例分析与应用以单词“excel”为例，可以使用以下方法进行学习：1.识记：注意单词的字母顺序和拼写，记住单词发音。

2.理解：通过查阅词典，了解单词的基本含义和用法。

3.应用：在学习过程中，尝试使用excel这个单词，加深对其含义的理解。

4.熟练：在实际工作和学习中，不断提高使用excel的能力，使其成为自己的熟练技能。

(完整版)刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全

Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。

刘洪波剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经

考点核心词abandon abstract accelerate * access * acknowledge *adapt to *addictive adjust * admit adversity aggression agreeable aid allergic alter *alternative altitude analyse *ancient *application apply to *appreciate *approach *approve array artificial *assess *assign association attitude authority avoid * bacteria based on *be consistent with be liable to be subject to bear beneficial *blight boundary budget burden calamity calculate capacity catastrophic cater certify characteristic chronic *civic cognitive coin comment communalcommute compare compensate complicate comply with component comprehend conceal concentrate concur confer confidential confuse conscious *conservative considerable constrain consult contemporary contingent controversial convention *co-operation co-ordinate correlation courtship crash credibility crisis criteria *criticism cue curriculum *damp dazzle deadline deficiency delay delivery *demanding * democratic demographic dental depend on * depression derive *designate detain detect *determine *devastate differ diminish disaster disclose disparatedisplay disrupt distinguish *distractdistribute diversity *documentation domain domestic *donate dramatic drought due to *dynamics ecosystem elaborate elderly eliminate elusive emphasize *encyclopaedia 百科全书endanger危及；使遭到危险enormous *庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的entrepreneurship企业家精神equal平等的；相等的；胜任的equator赤道erode *腐蚀，侵蚀escape逃跑；逃亡；逃走；逃跑工具或方法；野生种；泄漏established确定的；已制定的，已建立的estate房地产；财产；身份ethical伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的evenly均匀地；平衡地；平坦地；平等地eventually最后，终于evidence证据，证明；迹象；明显evolve发展，进展；进化；逐步形成exaggerate *使扩大；使增大exceptional?异常的，例外的exchange *交换；交流；交易所；兑换exclusive *独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者exhausted耗尽；用尽；使…精疲力尽experiment实验，试验；尝试expert *专家；行家；能手expertise专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见explicit?明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的exploit?开发，开拓；剥削；开采extend延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；使竭尽全力；对…估价extinct *?灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的extract汁；摘录；榨出物；选粹extreme极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物faculty科，系；能力；全体教员famine饥荒；饥饿，奇缺feasible可行的；可能的；可实行的feature?特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目fertilise *使受精；施肥于；使肥沃financial *金融的；财政的，财务的finite有限的；限定的fitness?健康；适当；适合性focus on *集中于foe敌人；反对者；危害物format格式；版式；开本fragile *?脆的；易碎的freeze冻结；凝固fulfill履行；实现；满足；使结束fund *?基金；资金；存款fundamental *基本原理；基本原则gene基因，遗传因子geographic地理的；地理学的gifted?有天赋的；有才华的grant授予；允许；承认graphic形象的；图表的；绘画似的guarantee *保证；担保；保证人；保证书；抵押品habitat栖息地，产地halt停止；立定；休息harbor海港；避难所hardship困苦；苦难；艰难险阻harmonise使和谐harsh严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的hazard危险，冒险；冒险的事hinder阻碍；打扰identify *确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同；一致ignore *驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬imitate *模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制immediate立即的；直接的；最接近的immunity *免疫力；豁免权；免除impact影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力impaired损害impressive感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的inaccordance with依照；与…一致inaccurate错误的inactive不活跃的；不活动的；怠惰的；闲置的inappropriate不适当的；不相称的incentive动机；刺激induce *诱导；引起；引诱；感应indulge沉溺；满足；放任inevitable *必然的，不可避免的infest骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生inherit *继承；遗传initial *最初的；字initiate开始；新加innate?先天的；固有而得首的入者，接受初步知识者的；与生俱来的installment安装；分期付款；部分；就职integrate?一体化；集成体intelligence智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力intense强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的interaction相互作用；[数] 交互作用interference干扰，冲突；干涉interior内部；本质interrupt中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍involve包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于isolate *使隔离；使孤立；使绝缘keen敏锐的，敏捷的；渴望的；强烈label标签；商标；签条lack缺乏；不足landscape风景；风景画；景色；山水画；乡村风景画；地形latitude纬度；界限；活动范围legal法律的；合法的；法定的legitimate *合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的likelihood可能性，可能limb?肢，臂；分支；枝干limitation *限制；限度；极限；追诉时效；有效期限；缺陷linguistic语言的；语言学的link链环，环节；联系，关系log?记录；航行日志；原木look-in?迅速一瞥；顺道看望；成功的机会lopsided?不平衡的，倾向一方的loss *减少；亏损；失败；遗失magnetic *地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的mainly主要地，大体上malfunction发生故障；不起作用mammal?哺乳动物manage todo挣扎做某事；设法完成某事manifest载货单，货单；旅客名单manufacture制造；产品；制造业marine?海运业；舰队；水兵；（海军）士兵或军官massive *?大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁伟的mate助手，大副；配偶；同事；配对物measure *测量；措施；程度；尺寸mechanism机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧mental精神的；脑力的；疯的mercury汞，水银meteorological气象的；气象学的migrate移动；随季节而移居；移往military *军事的；军人的；适于战争的minimise *使缩到最小；成极小；求最小值modify *修改，修饰；更改moisture水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量monitor监视器；监听器；监控器；显示屏；班长moral?道德的；精神上的；品性端正的mortal人类，凡人motif主题；动机；主旨；图形；意念mould主题；动机；主旨；图形；意念native?本地人；土产；当地居民nocturnal夜的；夜曲的；夜间发生的norm规范，基准；定额，分配之工作量notoriety恶名；声名狼藉；丑名nourishment食物；营养品；滋养品nutrient obey objective obligation obtain odd odour offensive official opportunity optimum option * ordinary organ original *other than out of the question overcome overtake paralyse paramount participate particular patientpattern peak perceive *peripheral permit persuade pessimistic phase physical plagiarise plague plenty of plot portable pose potential * poverty praise predict prefer to * preferential pressing primary *principal principle *priority private profit *prohibit prolong promote prompt property *proportion *prosper provision *purify qualify quantity *radical range rapid *rare rate rather than *react realise *recognize recreation reduction refer to regulate rehearsal reject relevant reliance religious reluctant rely on *remain * reproduce resemble *resistance responsible restrict *result from *retain *revision revive rudimentary ruin scenic secrete *separate *setting settle * shade shift *signal similar * skepticism soar solicit sophisticate * specific *stable standard steer stem from stride subdivide substance substitute *subtle sufficiency superiorsupersede supplement suppress supremacy surrounding *surveillance survive *suspicious sustenance swift *symbol symptom synthetic tension term thanks to *therapy治疗，疗法threat威胁，恐吓；凶兆throughout贯穿，遍及toll征收；敲钟toxic有毒的；中毒的trace痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳track轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道trait *特性，特点；品质；少许transcend胜过，超越tremendous?极大的，trigger扳机；[电子] tropical热带的；热情巨大的；惊人的触发器；制滑机的；酷热的unbiased公正的；无偏见的underlie成为……的基础；位于……之下unexpectedly *出乎意料地，意外地uniform制服unusual?不寻常的；与众不同的；不平常的valuable有价值的；贵重的；可估价的vanish?消失；突然不见；成为零variation?变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety *多样；种类；杂耍；变化，多样化versatile多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的violent暴力的；猛烈的visible?明显的；看得见的；现有的；可得到的visual视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的waste浪费；废物；荒地；损耗；地面风化物well-being幸福；康乐witness证人；目击者；证据。

雅思词汇表(完整版)word版本

雅思词汇表(完整版)Aaborigina...土著的.土著居. aboun.....丰.abrup.....突然的，陡峭. abstai.... .戒，避abstrac....抽象的，难解. abus..... 滥用，辱. accommodatio. 招待设. accordingl.. 照着办；响应. accountin...会计. aci......酸.acknowledg.承.acquir.取得，学.acryli.丙烯酸.adap.使适.addic.使沉.adep.熟练的，内行.adop.采用；收.aeronauti.航空.aeroso.烟，雾；烟雾.affec.影响；感.affiliat.接纳...为会员（或分支. agenc.力量；代.agitat.鼓动；搅动；焦. alchem.炼金.alkal..allerg.变（态反）应性；反. allocat.分配，把。

划.allo.分配；拨.almon.杏.alpin.高山.alternat.交替的；轮流. alternativ.两者挑一的；选择. aluminiu..amateu.业余活动.ambiguou.模棱两可.amenit.舒服，愉.ammoni..amorphou.无定形的；难以名状. analysi.分析；解.anatom.解剖；分.anecdot.轶.anno.使烦恼.打.annua.每年的.年度. anthropolog.人类. anticlockwis.逆时针方向. anxiou.忧虑的.担心.ap.类人猿.模仿.aphi.蚜.appare.衣服;外.appea.呼吁.求助.appea.出现.来.appetit.食欲.胃. applican.申请. appropriat.适当的，合适的approximat.近似的,大约. arabl.可耕.arborea.树木的.树状. arduou.艰巨的.努力. ascertai.查明.确.aspec.样子.(问题等的)方. aspiratio.志气.渴. assembl.集合.装.asser.断言;维.asses.对…进行评. assignmen.分配；指. assis.援助；搀. associatio.联合；联盟；联. assum.假定；承.asthmati.气喘.asymmetr.不对称（现象. attai.达到.完成.获. attrac.吸.audio-visua.听觉视觉. aura.气味的.香味. authorit.权力.职. availabl.可用的.通用. avers.反对.aviatio.航空.航空学.baffl.使挫折.使困.bal.阻碍.挫.bambo..barbecu.(吃烤肉的)野餐. bargai.交易.议.barrie.栅栏.障.bea.念.beyon.远于.迟.bilatera.两边的.双边. biolog.生物学.生态. bladde.囊.气.blad.刀.bleac.漂.blo.吹.爆.blun.不锋利的.迟钝. boas.自.bon.fid.[拉]真正的;真诚. bonanz.富矿.bon.契约;公.boo.隆隆声;兴旺;吹. bora.硼砂.月.borde.边.边.botan.植物.branc.分枝.分科.部. bran.燃烧着的木.bree.生产.繁.brewer.啤酒.bris.活泼的.清新.broo.一窝;一伙(人. budge.预.bul.球茎.电灯.bulk.庞大.bungalo.平.burro.地洞..bus.灌.buz.(蜂等)嗡嗡叫.calciu..calibr.口径，直. campaig.战役；运. campu.校.cantee.小卖部；饭. captur.捕获；俘. carbo..carg.货.carrouse.骑术比. casua.偶然的；不定期. catastroph.大灾难；大. categor.种.caterpilla.毛.causti.刻薄的，讽刺. censur.指责，非. centrifuga.离心. cerami.陶瓷.ceremon.典礼；仪. chambe.房间；会. charcoa.木. characteristi.独特. chi.[法}漂亮（的.chi.碎.chlorid.氯化.chok.阻塞；闷.chroni.长期的，慢性. circumstanc.（复）情. cit.引.cla.粘.climati.气候.clima.顶点；高.clin.粘着；依.clo.凝块；结.clutc.抓.clutte.喧闹；杂.coa.hange.衣.colonia.殖民地.com.梳，马.combustibl.易燃的；可燃. commitmen.交托；许. commotio.混.compatrio.同国.compe.强.compensatio.补偿，赔. compil.编辑；搜. comple.合成的；复杂. complicat.使复杂；使陷. compositio.写作；组. compoun.混合.compris.包括;构. concav.凹.concessio.让步;承. condem.谴责.宣告…有. confes.坦.conservatio.保. consolatio.安.constan.坚定的;永恒. constitut.构成，组成constrain.强制.consul.商量;请.consum.消费.消. contaminat.弄脏.污. contingenc.偶. contradic.反驳；同…相抵. contrar.相反. controversia.争论. conve.运送；传.cor.核.coronar.冠状.corpu.身体，尸. correspon.符合；相. corrup.腐败的；贪污. costum.服.counse.商议；劝.cover.隐藏.craw.爬.cricke.蟋.criterio.标.cro.收成；庄.crow.王.crystallin.水晶. cultivat.耕作；培. curriculu.课程.da.轻.dam.诅.dam.潮湿；沮.dat.datum的复.datu.论.dea.分配；给.debto.债务.decad.十；十.declin.下降；偏斜；衰. deduc.推.defaul.违约，拖.defens.防御，保.defin.解释；限.delicat.细软的；精美. delud.欺.delug.洪.demographi.人口统计. demolis.拆毁；推. demonstrat.论证；表. deposi.存放；储.depres.降低；使消. descen.下降；下.descen.下.descriptio.描写；说明. desig.计划；设.desperat.令人绝望的，危急. despit.憎恨，轻.destro.破.detai.拘留；阻.detec.察.detergen.使干净.detrac.贬.diagnosi.诊.dictat.口.dietitia.饮食学.di.挖掘；发.dilut.稀.dioxid.二氧化.diplom.执照，文.director.名.disaste.灾.discar.丢.discharg.卸.disciplin.纪律；训. discree.谨慎.discret.分离.discriminat.区别；辨. disfigur.损害，玷. dismantl.脱掉...的衣. dismis.打发；解.dispatc.派遣；迅速办. disput.争论；争.distil.蒸馏；提取精. distinc.独特的；清楚. distinguis.区别；辨认. distres.悲痛；贫. distribut.分发；分.divin.神的；神圣.divisio.分开；分.dizz.头晕目眩.dormitor.宿.dramati.戏剧的；激动人心.drawbac.n.退款；欠.diagnosi.n.操练；.dictat.n.旱.dietitia.n.饮食学.di.v.挖掘；发.dilut.v.稀.adj.dioxid.n.二氧化.diplom.n.执照，文.director.n.名.disaste.n.灾.discar.vt.丢..discharg.vt.卸.vi.n. disciplin.n.纪律；v.训. discree.adj.谨慎.discret.adj.分离.discriminat.v.区别；辨. disfigur.v.损害，玷. dismantl.v.脱掉...的衣. dismis.vt.打发；解.vi. dispatc.vt.派遣；迅速办.vi. disput.v.争论；争.distil.vt.蒸馏；提取精.vi. distinc.adj.独特的；清楚. distinguis.v.区别；辨认. distres.n.悲痛；贫.v. distribut.vt.分发；分.v. divin.adj.神的；神圣.divisio.n.分开；分.dizz.adj.头晕目眩.dormitor.n.宿.dramati.adj.戏剧的；激动人心. drawbac.n.退款；欠.dril.n.操练；.v.drough.n.旱.dru.n..du.vt.授.n.dubiou.adj.半信半疑的；含糊. dul.adj.迟钝的；阴郁.dwel.vi.住；寓.dynami.adj.动力.Eeas.n.舒适；容.vt.vi. ecosyste.n.生态系.elaborat.adj.精心制作的；复杂. electiv.adj.选任的；选修.electro.n.电.eligibl.adj.合格的；适宜.emban.v.筑.embarras.vt.使窘迫；妨.embry.n.胚胎；萌芽时.emerg.vi.浮现；出.emi.vt.散发；发.emotio.激动；感.encounte.v.遭遇，遇.n.enduranc.n.忍耐；持.engrav.v.刻上；铭.enhanc.Vt.增.v.enormou.adj.巨大.enro.vt.登记；招.Vi.Ensembl.n.全.ensur.Vt.保证；保.v.enthusias.n.热情；热.entran.n.新学.entr.n.进入；登记；入. environmenta.adj.环境.epidemi.adj.传染的；流行. equipmen.n.装备；设.equivalen.adj.相当的；等价.eras.vt.擦掉；删.escor.n.护卫；陪.v.essentia.adj.本质的；基本的；必要. estat.n.财.estimat.v.估计；评.n.eucalyptu.n.桉树属植.evaporat.v.使蒸发；使脱.evolv.v.使发展；推.exaggerat.adj.夸张的；过大. exchang.vt.交换；交.n.executiv.adj.执行的；行政上. exhal.v.呼出；发散.exorbitan.adj.过度的；昂贵. expansio.n.伸展；扩张；扩. expedien.adj.便利.n.exploi.vt.开拓；开采；利.v. expos.vt.使暴露；v.揭.extensio.n.伸长；扩大；延. externa.adj.外部的；客观.extinc.adj.灭绝的；消灭了.extinguis.vt.扑灭；消.Extrac.vt.取出；榨. extraordinar.n.adj.非常的，非凡的.facad.n.立面；表.face.n.小.vt.facult.n.才能；全体人.fad.vi.枯萎；消.vt.Adj.n.fak.n.伪造；伪.vi.vt.fascinat.vt.迷住；使呆.vi.fata.adj.命运的；致命.fatigu.n.疲.vi.vt.faun.n.动物.featur.n.特征；面.federatio.n.同盟；联.fertil.adj.肥沃的；多产.fetu.n.胎.fibr.n.纤.filte.n.滤.financia.adj.财政.flak.n.薄片；火.flam.n.火焰；光.fla.n.裂缝；缺.flin.n.打火石；坚硬.fli.vt.掷；抽.vi.flor.n.植物.flouris.adj.繁.fluctuat.vt.波动；动.forestr.n.林.formul.n.公式；处.fou.adj.难闻的；肮脏.fractio.n.片断；碎.fragil.adj.易碎的；虚弱. fragran.adj.芬芳.frau.n.欺骗；诡.frequen.adj.频繁的；屡次. frictio.n.摩.frot.n.泡沫；渣.vi.vt.frustrat.v.挫败；阻.fulfil(l.vt.履行；完.fum.n.烟.v.冒烟，激.functio.n.功能；职.vi.fur.n.狂怒；剧.futil.adj.无效的；轻浮的.hairdressin.理发、美.、美.handednes.用右手或左手的习.handica.障碍、阻.handl.柄、把.harbo.海.hardworkin.苦干的、不辞辛苦.harmon.协调、融.hazardou.危险的、冒险.headlin.大字标.heavenl.如天堂的、神圣.hecti.脸上发红、发热.hemispher.半.hexagona.六角形的、六边形.highligh.加亮区、精彩场.high-tec.高科.histori.有历史性的、历史上著名.hiv.蜂.homeles.无家的、无家可归.homesicknes.思家的、思乡病.honestl.真诚的、公正.hone.蜜、蜂.hospitalit.好客、宜人、盛.hothous.温室、温.hotspo.热点、热.househol.家庭、家族、王.housin.供给住宅、住宅.hoyde.爱喧闹的顽皮女.huf.激怒、发.humanit.人性、人类、博爱、仁.humbl.卑下的、微贱.humorou.幽默的、滑稽.hydroge..hectar.公.hea.治愈、医.henc.因此、从.harassmen.折.heroi.海洛因、吗啡.implemen.工具、器具；贯彻、实现；执. italic.斜体.idealisti.唯心论的、空想主义、唯心主义者. identica.同一的、同样.ignoranc.无知、不.ignor.不理睬、忽.illuminat.照亮、照明、阐明、说明；照. illustrat.举例说明、图解、阐明；举. illustratio.说明、例证、图.imitatio.模仿、效法、冒.immigran.移来的、移民的、移居的；侨. immun.免疫.impac.碰撞、冲击、冲突；撞击、挤入、压. impai.削弱，减弱impartia.公平的、不偏不倚.impen.进行威胁、即将发.implementatio.执.impres.印、盖印、留下印.impressio.印象、感想、盖.inadequat.不充分的、不适当.inauthenti.不真实的、假的、不可靠. inbreedin.同系繁殖、近亲交. incorporat.合并的、结社的；合. incredibl.不能相信.incu.招.indicat.指出、显示、象征、预. individua.个人、个体；个别的、单独. individualisti.个人主义.individualit.个性、个人的特.indulg.纵.industrializatio.工业化、产业. inevitabl.不可避免的、必然.infan.婴儿、幼儿；婴儿的、幼稚. influentia.有影响的、有势力. informalit.非正.ingenuit.机灵、独特性、精.ingredien.成分、因.inhal.吸入、吸.inheri.继承、遗传而.initia.最初的、词首.initiall.最初、开.initiativ.主.innovatio.改革、创.innovativ.革新的、创新.inser.插入、嵌.insignifican.无关紧要、可忽略. inspectio.检察、视.institutio.公共机构、协会、制.instruc.教导、命令，指导instrumen.工具、手段、器. instrumenta.仪器的、器械. insufficien.不足的、不够. insulat.使绝缘、隔.insuranc.保险、保险单、保险. intak.（水管、煤气管的）进口、出. integrat.使成整体、结.intelligibl.可理解.interio.内部的、内.interpla.相互影.interprete.解释者、翻译. intervie.接见、会.intimidat.胁.intonatio.语调、声.intuitivel.直觉的、直观. inundat.淹.inventio.发明、创.inventiv.善于发明、创造. investigat.调查、研. investigatio.调查、研.iodin.碘、碘.iron.反话、讽.irresponsibilit.无责.irreversibl.不能撤回的、不能取消. irritat.激怒、使急噪；刺. irritatio.愤.isolat.使隔离、使孤立；隔离种. issu.出版、发行；发行、流. itemiz.详细说明、逐条登记.landscap.风景、山水画、地形；美. lac.缺.landfil.垃圾掩埋法、垃.lathe.肥皂.leathe.皮革、皮革制.Lega.法律的、法定的、合.leisur.空闲、闲暇、悠. lexicographe.词典编纂.likelihoo.可能、可能.limitatio.限制、局限.license.获许可的人、领到执照的. literatur.文学、文艺、著.loa.贷款、借出；借、借.locat.查找、位于；定位、位.locatio.位置、场所、特定区. loosenes.松开、解.luggag.行李、皮.luxur.奢侈、华贵.macaqu.短尾.maintai.维持、维修、供.maintenanc.维护、保.mainstrea.主.manageria.管理.manifestatio.显示、表现、示威运. marita.婚姻.matriculatio.录取入学、入学考. metropolita.首都的、主要都市的、大城. measuremen.测量法、度.mediocr.普普通通.Melbourn.墨尔.mel.使融化、使熔.manufactur.制造、加工、制造业、加工. metallurgis.冶金业、冶金学. metallurg.冶金、冶金.meteorolog.气象学、气象状. microprocesso.微处理.migrator.迁移的、流浪.migratio.移民、移植、移.minera.矿物、矿.misconceptio.误.moderatio.适.molecula.分子的、由分子组成. momentaril.即.moul.肥土、壤土；用土覆盖.naiv.天真.necrosi..negativ.否定、负数；否定的、消极. neglec.忽视、疏.neutraliz.压.nourishin.有营养的、滋养多. nourishmen.食物、营养.nuclea.核子的、原子能的、中心. nutritiona.营养的、滋养的.overlea.在背面、在次.objectif.使客观. obligatio.义务、职责、债.obstacl.障碍、妨害.obtai.获得、得.occasionall.有时候、偶.occu.发生、发.opaqu.不透明物；不透明的、不传热. optica.眼的、视力的、光学.optic.光.optimisti.乐观.optimis.乐观、乐观主.organ.元件、机.origina.最初的、原始的、独创的；原. originat.引起、发明；起源、发.outpu.产量、输出、输出.overal.全部的、全面.oversuppl.过度供给；供给过. overwhel.淹没、覆没、受打击、制. ozon.新鲜的空气；臭氧.pacif.使平静、安慰、抚.painfull.痛苦.pane.面板、嵌板、仪表.paralle.平行地、相同的；平行线；平. paralysi.瘫痪、麻.participat.参与、参加、分.particula.细节、详细；特殊的、特别. passiv.被动.pastur.牧地、*原；放.patter.模范、式样、模式；模.pav..pedice.花梗、.pensio.养老金、退休.percussio.打击乐.perfor.履行、执行、表.performanc.履行、执.perishabl.容易腐烂.permanen.永久的、持久.perpetuat.使永久、使不.persis.坚持、持.persistenc.坚持、持.perspectiv.透视画法、透视图、远景、前. pesticid.杀虫.pharmacis.配药师、药剂.phenomen.现.phosphoru..plagiaris.剽窃、剽窃.plantatio.耕地、种植园、大农场、森. platfor.（车站）月台、讲.plumbe.水管工.plu.加上；正的、加.poiso.毒药；毒害、使中毒；放毒、下. pollinatio.授.porcelai.瓷器；瓷制的、精美. portraya.描画、描.positiv.肯定的、实际的；正的、阳. posta.邮政的、邮局.potassiu..potentia.潜在的、可能的；潜能、潜. potluc.家常便.practitione.从业者、开业.precisio.精确、精密度、精. predato.掠夺.predic.预知、预.prefabricat.预.pregnanc.怀.premiu.额外费用、奖金、奖.premis.前提；提论、假定；作出前. persecutio.迫害、烦.presentatio.介绍、陈述、赠. preserv.保护、保持；蜜饯、果酱；禁. presuppos.预.preventabl.可阻止的、可预防.prim.最初、青春；主要的、最初. principall.主要.probabilit.可能性、或然.procedur.程序、手.promotio.促进、发扬、提.prospec.景色、前景、前途；寻. propert.财产、所有物、所有. propositio.主张、建议、陈. prosthetis.修复学.protrud.突.prolusio.序.provenanc.起源、出.psycholog.心理.puf.肿块、蓬松；喷出、张. punctualit.准.pyrami.角锥、棱锥、金字. pyrit.黄铁矿.rang.射程；平.recessio.撤回，不景. Recommendatio.推荐、介. Recreatio.消遣、娱. Regiona.整个地区. Registratio.注册，报.Rejec.被拒之人；拒.relatio.关系、联. Relationshi.关系、联. religiou.虔诚的；僧. representative.代表，典型. Represent.表现，描绘；提出异. Reputabl.著名.Reques.要.Requirement.需求，必要条. Resemblanc.相似之.regiona.地方.Respon.负.Response.回答，响. Responsivenes.响应. restrictio.限制，约.Retai.零.Retiremen.退.Refundabl.可偿还.riva.竞争者，竞争.Safeguar.保.Satisfactor.满意.scene.现场，景.scru.擦.secretaria.秘书.sectio.部分，.securit.安.seductiv.诱人.selectio.选择，选. settlemen.解决，结. semeste.学.semina.研讨.senio.高级.sensibl.有感觉的，明智. sensitiv.敏感.sewer.裁.shortage.不足，缺. significantl.意味深长. significan.重要.signpos.路.simila.相似.similarl.同样. simultaneousl.同时. sincerel.真诚.socia.社会.solutio.解决的方.solvent.溶解的，溶. southboun.往南.spar.火星，闪烁.specializ.专. specializatio.特殊. Specialis.专.Specifi.明确的，特殊的；细. Spra.飞沫，喷.Springboar.跳板，出发. Spi.纺.Stam.邮票；压.Statemen.声明，称. Straigh.直.Stretc.伸.Strik.罢工；打，. Structura.结构.Strateg.策.Stubbor.固执.Studi.工作室，照相. Subsequen.后来.Substanc.物.Subur.郊.Sufficien.充足.Suffi.后缀，下.Superio.最高.Supplie.提供.Surre.四轮马.Surroundin.周围的，；环. Suspiciou.可疑. Switzerlan.瑞.Syntheti.人造的.typescript.打印的文. technolog.工艺，技. temperat.温和的，适度. Temperatur.温. theoretica.理论. Topic.题目，主. Tobacc.烟草Touris.旅游.Touris.观光.traditio.传.transfe.传递，转. transfor.转换，改. Tremendou.巨大的.Uncertaint.不确. Undisguise.公开. unemploye.失业. Unfamilia.不熟. Unfortunatel.不幸. unimaginabl.不可思议. Unio.联合，联.Unite.团结. Unnecessar.不必要. Unwante.多余.uphil.登.Utilizatio.应用.variabilit.可变. Variatio.变.variou.不同. Versatilit.多功能性。

刘洪波阅读考点词539

剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经（剑 10 版）致谢剑桥雅思阅读考点词首先感谢贵学教育阅读教师郭佳荣老师。

应我邀请他为《剑桥雅思 10》做出了全部“真题考点词替换清单”和核心词挑选，收录在本书中。

郭佳荣老师的经历本身有点传奇。

他是一名羽毛球教练，原来雅思阅读考试 5.0 分，使用阅读真经体系后阅读迅速考到了 8.5。

然后他选择来贵学上课提高其它三项。

他在课余时间热心主动帮助同学讲解阅读，以身说法传授真经。

后来累积经验一步步从贵学助教、辅导老师、教师，最后成为贵学一线名师。

前言——写于 2015 年2012 年，贵学教育成立。

作为她诞生之礼，我以她之名出版了《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》，并同步公开了“雅思听力阅读考点词理论”的部分研究论文。

当时，新浪教育、网易教育、搜狐教育和网易教育同步转载了相关论文，引发了热议。

本书包含的《剑桥雅思 5》、《剑桥雅思 6》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由李热议的意思就是有褒有贬。

批评者认为我蔑视了几十年传统英语考试培训累积的各种技巧，一味强调同意替换；赞扬者则认为我开创了一个崭新的领域，教学理念领先整个行业很多年。

悦老师应我邀请完成。

本书包含的《剑桥雅思 4》、《剑桥雅思 7》、《剑桥雅思 8》、《剑桥雅思 9》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由我亲自解析完成。

当然，我的学生们都自称“贵粉儿”、“脑残粉”、“真经死忠粉”，他们第一时间投入无比的热情开始研究听力阅读中的同意替换，开始背诵我提出的“考点词库”。

我对他们的“盲目崇拜”感动得更加努力工作。

在本书的编写过程中，赵小锐、刘畅、谭乐、刘娟、付晓楠、田杨、冯涛、成岩、程玲、李慧芳、刘素良、焦磊、柏立明、焦鸿增、曹爱丽、张靖娴、袁伟、李海静、刘伟、杨志、贾玉梅、李悦也参与了资料收集及部分编写工作，在此一并感谢。

无论外界纷扰，我心宁静依旧。

因为历史为证，《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》是中国英语培训史上讲解同意替换的第一批出版专著。

水果罐头常见的灭菌方法

水果罐头常见的灭菌方法前言：水果罐头是一种常见的食品加工方式，可以延长水果的保鲜期，并且方便携带与储存。

然而，由于水果容易受到细菌、霉菌和酵母等微生物的污染，为保证水果罐头的安全性和质量，必须采取有效的灭菌方法。

本文将详细介绍水果罐头常见的灭菌方法。

一、热处理法热处理法是最常见也是最简单的一种灭菌方法。

该方法利用高温杀灭细菌、酵母和霉菌等微生物，以保证水果罐头的微生物质量符合卫生标准。

具体步骤如下：1. 准备工作：将水果切块或切片，并保持新鲜；净化罐子；将罐子放入热水中煮沸，以消毒。

2. 加热杀菌：将切好的水果放入已消毒的罐子中，加入适量的糖浆或果汁，然后封罐。

3. 加热处理：将密封好的罐子放入高温的水中，常见的温度为100℃，保持一段时间（通常为10-20分钟）。

这样可以确保水果罐头内部的温度达到适宜的灭菌温度，从而杀死细菌和其他微生物。

4. 冷却处理：将罐子从高温的水中取出，放置在自然环境下冷却即可。

冷却后的水果罐头就可以保存较长时间而不会变质。

二、蒸汽灭菌法蒸汽灭菌法是一种高效并广泛应用于食品加工中的灭菌方法。

与热处理法类似，该方法也是利用高温杀灭微生物，但更加节能和环保。

下面是具体的操作步骤：1. 准备工作：同样需要净化罐子，将罐子放入热水中煮沸。

2. 加热处理：将切好的水果放入已消毒的罐子中，封好罐子。

然后将其放入蒸锅内，启动蒸汽锅炉，待罐内温度达到100℃后，蒸汽灭菌开始。

3. 灭菌时间：根据不同的水果种类和罐头容量，灭菌时间会有所不同。

常见的灭菌时间为20至40分钟。

这段时间足够杀死罐内的微生物，确保水果罐头的质量和安全性。

4. 冷却处理：待灭菌时间结束后，关闭蒸汽锅炉，让罐子自然冷却。

冷却完成后，将罐头转移到干燥的环境中，即可储存和销售。

三、酸性处理法酸性处理法是一种常用的灭菌方法，主要适用于水果罐头中添加了柠檬酸或其他酸性物质的情况。

酸性处理法的步骤如下：1. 准备工作：除净化罐子外，还需要准备足够的酸性物质，如柠檬酸或酸橙汁。

刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结

刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结雅思阅读备考中我们需要积累大量的词汇，来关怀我们更好的理解〔文章〕内容。

今日我为大家预备的是刘洪波雅思阅读词汇，大家可以参考一下。

希望各位考生能找到适合自己的词汇〔记忆〔方法〕〕，关怀我们扩大词汇量。

刘洪波雅思阅读词汇〔总结〕atmosphere n. 大气, 气氛，空气, 风格, 情趣, 气压hydrosphere n. 水圈, 水界, 水气lithosphere n. 岩圈,地壳core n.中心，核心，精髓; 果心，果核; [地质学]地核; [计] 磁心vt.去(果)核，挖去…的果心; 提取岩芯(样品)mantle n. 斗篷, 覆罩之物, 罩子v. 罩住, 覆盖, 脸红crust n. 外壳,坚硬的外壳,面包皮vt. 盖以硬皮vi. 结硬皮magnetic adj. 有磁性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的gravity n. 地心引力,重力,严重,庄重,严峻plate n. 碟,盘,金属板,板块vt. 镀金,电镀,为...制印版,, 给...装钢板,用金属板固定drift n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势vi. 漂移,漂流,吹积vt. 使漂流,把...吹积crack vt.裂开，打开; (使…)开裂; 说(笑话); 开瓶vi.断裂，折断; 碎裂声，爆裂声; 镜子裂开了; 失去把握，衰退n.裂缝; 试图; 缝隙; (可听到响声的)重击adj.训练有素的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的; 一流的trigger vt. 引发，引起;触发vi. 松开扳柄n. 扳机;[电子] 触发器;制滑机flaw n. 缺点,裂纹,瑕疵,突然的狂风天气vi. 变得有缺陷vt. 使裂开interact vi. 相互作用,相互影响absorb v. 吸收,吸引...的留意,使全神贯注melt n. 熔化,熔化物vt. vi. 熔化,溶解, 软化, 渐渐混合thaw n. 融雪v. 使融解, 温柔dissolve vt. 消除,解散,使溶解,解决(问题),使沮丧vi. 消散,溶解, 解散, 液化,变得模糊n. 叠化画面release n. 释放, 让渡, 发行vt. 释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射accumulate vt. 积聚,累加,积累vi. 累积decompose vi. vt. 分解vt. 腐烂volcano n. 火山erupt v. 爆发magma n. 岩浆，糊剂lava n. 熔岩, 火山岩tsunami n. 海啸tidal adj. 潮的, 有关潮水的hurricane n. 飓风,飓风般猛烈的东西adj. 有防风罩的tornado n. 飓风,旋风,龙卷风typhoon n. 台风earthquake n. 地震avalanche n. 雪崩glacier n. 冰河, 冰川fertile adj. 肥沃的,能繁殖的n. 多产,肥沃fertilizer n. 肥料barren adj. 不育的, 贫瘠的drought n. 干旱famine n. 饥荒, 极度缺乏flooding n. 泛滥, [医]产后出血adj. 泛滥的动词flood的如今分词形式arid adj. 枯燥的, 不毛的adj. 枯燥的，无趣的acid adj. 酸的n. 酸, 酸味物质ozone n. 臭氧, 新颖空气layer n.层，层次; 膜; [植]压条; 放置者，准备者vt.把…分层堆放; 借助压条法; 生根繁殖; 将(头发)剪成不同层次vi.形成或分成层次; [植]通过压条法而生根photosynthesis n. 光合作用greenhouse n. 温室, 暖房phenomenon n. 现象, 非凡的人或事物carbon n. 碳,灯芯,复写纸sulfur n. 硫vt. 用硫处理液化nitrogen n. 氮hydrogen n. 氢oxygen n. 氧,氧气dioxide n. 二氧化物pollutant n. 污染物质pollution n. 污染, 污染物toxic adj. 有毒的n. 有毒物质devastate vt. 毁坏,使震惊deteriorate vt. (使)恶化vi. (使)恶化, 瓦解, 衰退aggravate vt. 使...恶化,使...更严重vt. [口]激怒contaminate vt. 弄脏,污染erode vt. 腐蚀,侵蚀vi. 受到侵蚀degrade vt. 贬低;使……丢脸;使……降级;使……降解vi. 降级，降低;退化upgrade vt. 提高(上升,浓集,加强) n. 提高(上升,浓集,加强)recycle vt. 使再循环,再利用,再制vi. 循环n. 再循环conservation n. 保存, 防止流失, 守恒, 爱惜自然资源conversation n. 会话,谈话ecosystem n. 生态系统eco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好的，不妨害生态环境的sediment n. 沉淀物deposit vt. 存放, 积累, 使沉淀vi. 沉淀n. 存款, 定金, 积累物petroleum n. 石油petrol n. 汽油gasoline n. 汽油fume n. 臭气, 烟, 激怒v. 熏, 冒烟smoke n. 烟, 无常的事物, 抽烟v. 吸烟, 以烟熏, 冒烟fog n. 雾, 朦胧, 喷雾, 迷惑vt. vi.以雾覆盖, 使模糊, 迷惑smog n. 烟雾solar adj. 太阳的,太阳能的lunar adj. 月亮的,阴历的,银的calendar n. 日历,月历,日程表vt. 进入日历radiation n. 辐射,放射线ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的n.紫外线thermodynamics n. 热力学extinction n.熄灭; 消灭，灭亡; 废除; [物]消光，自屏，衰减extinct adj. 灭亡的,熄灭的n. 消灭,熄灭catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸,彻底失败disaster n. 灾难endanger vt. 危及，危害jeopardize vt. 危害,使受危困,使陷危地habitat n. (动植物的)产地,栖息地habit n. 习惯，习性;嗜好vt. 使穿衣deforestation n. 森林开伐, 滥伐森林desertification n. (土壤)荒漠化, 沙漠化dessert n. 甜食vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长vegetarian n. 素食者adj. 素食的log n. 记录,圆木,日志,计程仪vt. 伐木,切,记录,航行,度过(时间) vi. 采伐logo n. 图形,商标,标识语dune n. 沙丘dust-storm n. 尘暴, 大灰尘delta n. (河流的)三角洲granite n. 花岗岩;坚毅;冷酷无情clay n. 粘土,泥土mechanism n. 机制,原理，机械,机构,结构dump n. 垃圾场,堆放处vt. 丢弃,抛售,导出vi. 骤降,扔垃圾landfill n. 垃圾堆reclaim v. 开垦, 纠正, 收回circulation n. 流通,循环,发行量,消息传播precipitation n. 坠落, 沉淀, 凝聚; 冰雹evaporation n.蒸发(作用)meteorology n. 气象学, 气象状态Celsius adj. 摄氏的Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的n. 华氏温度计longitude n. 经度latitude n. 纬度，界限,自由选择权altitude n. 高度,海拔,高地attitude n. 看法, 看法, 姿态equator n. 赤道Arctic adj. 北极的,极寒的n. (首字母大写时)北极圈,北极地方Antarctic adj. 南极的n. 南极洲, 南极圈border n. 边缘vt. 作...之疆界,加边tropical adj. 热带的, 酷热的, 热带植物的temperate adj. 温顺的, 适度的, 有节制的mild adj. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温顺的,文雅的frigid adj. 寒冷的, 死板的，(指女性)性冷淡的freeze v. 冻结, 冷冻, 僵硬[计算机] 冻结irreversible adj. 不行逆转的inevitable adj. 不行避开的, 必定(发生)的feasible adj. 可行的,可能的viable adj. 能生存的,可行的,能居住的的opt vi. 选择,确定做某事option n.选择(的自由); 选项; 选择权; 选择能力vt.得到或获准进行选择; 调动球员prioritize vt. 把... 区分优先次序prior adj. 更重要的, 较早的, 在先的adv. 居先n. 小修道院院长; 大修道院副院长priority n. 优先权, 优先顺序, 优先attribute n. 属性, 特征; 标志, 象征vt. 归于, 属于雅思阅读真经总纲刘洪波编著内容笔记阅读分为四种题型1、单词题(最简洁：summary,流程图，填空，填句)2、〔句子〕题T/F和选择(中等难度：推断题和选择题)3、段落题Heading题(最难的，归纳中心思想)4、匹配题Matching题(有诀窍，并不难)前两种直拳，第3种还我秀丽拳，第4种面目全非掌无标题的文章很可能出标题题：末段+大意(把题干读一遍)!!雅思文章首段不是最重要段落，末段和第二段才是最重要的防盗版内容：Before群里去背单词During 助教讲部分内容After 模考如何提升阅读速度1扩大视距：把单词变为意群，不要默读2跳读和变速：重点读认识的单词，读得懂的读慢，读不懂的读快题干3类词汇假如任意打开一篇题干13道题不认识的有3个及以上，阅读词汇需补充三大类：主题词不认识没关系模板词如account /reference/ mention在阅读题干中就是“描述”之义，毫无意义，不需要去特别记(拿任何一本剑桥，把题干中全部不认识的词记下来) 考点词如resemble考点词真经很重要，要背3类关键词Keywords问题:正确读题方法确定要慢且2遍找到Keyword 解题，不用再读题干三大类：眼球级朴实级一般动词、名词、形容词规律关系词并列(重大考点)、转折、因果总纲标注法：(做真题时做这个工作)画出题干和原文全部对应之处(同义替换)要用此法做真题练习精细理解力句子题段落题匹配题为什么不要精读?而要〔快速阅读〕和对比阅读首先就要背考点词，才能敏感地找到同义替换按总纲标注法做文章填空题考察的不是空格而是空格前后的同义替换假如找不到替换，关键词的本行和上下行，找不认识的词。

刘洪波-雅思阅读真经(YY)

III. How to understand more “天下间的所有阅读考题只有一种命题方式，无论雅思托福、四六级考研、GRE、GMAT。”
III. How to understand more
《剑桥雅思7》第25页第21题。文章标题：Make every drop count 题型：TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
IV. Secrets to Headings
V. Hot Topics 12/01/12 雪崩 Avalanche 12/09/06 吉尔伯特和磁场 Magnetism
V. Hot Topics
12/02/04 奥运火炬 Olympic Torch
12/03/08 飓风 Hurricane
题目：Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation system.
原文：Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.
各种跟风
直接抄袭
VI. Coming Next
P.S. Tips for IETLS Candidates
Listening Reading Writing Speaking
Where to find me?
II. How to read faster 1. 物理疗法 NO SOUND

刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经刘洪波说文解字系列

刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经刘洪波说文解字系列内容提要早在xx年当我策划《雅思阅读真经》一书时就有个想法：如果能把课堂上讲解英语词汇时的各种亮点及记忆方法融入词汇表里边，大家在背记词汇时也就不会觉得枯燥乏味了。

背单词最重要的是坚持，而兴趣则是坚持下去的最好的原动力。

于是我邀请当时教授雅思词汇的大师曲冰同志参与《雅思阅读真经》的写作，并且每隔几个单词挑选出一个来，从词源、文化、实际应用等各个角度加入趣味的注释，希望大家能对英语单词学习产生一点兴趣。

事实证明这种说文解字背单词的方法是成功的。

xx年《雅思阅读真经》在全国各大图书销售网站上高居雅思类图书排行榜榜首，各地的许多英语培训机构把它作为指定教材，一版再版。

而我也清楚地认识到，这种独辟蹊径的单词注释方法是该书成功的重要原因之一。

当我和曲冰同志决定再一次合作，照此模式共同创作“说文解字背单词系列”书籍（包括《雅思词汇真经》、《托福词汇真经》、《四级词汇真经》）时，不幸的事情发生了：曲冰同时收到了牛津和剑桥的博士offer。

更不幸的是不久后她从剑桥打来电话，说什么正在闭关研究孔夫子和耶酥基督的异同，而且还thoroughly enjoy，红尘俗事不愿再管。

悲伤啊。

万般无奈，只好一个人在深夜里奋笔疾书。

我坚信付出总是有回报的。

终于有那么一天，英语培训界泰斗人物、北京新航道学校校长胡敏教授被我的黑眼圈所吸引，一番长谈后对本书的创作兴趣颇浓，提出了许多宝贵的写作建议。

之后更不时的从家里搜出一本本泛黄的英语书籍拿来供我参考。

对这些书我从来都是小心翼翼的，不敢用力翻动，怕损毁文物。

得到英语培训界奇才李传伟教授的详细指导也是本书之大幸。

李老时常在百忙之中抽空指点词汇的注释亮点，他在词汇学上的功力让人叹服。

李老本人精通七国语言，对拉丁文、希腊语、西班牙语、法语的领悟使他对英语词汇的把握进入了极高的一种境界。

据说李老在新航道学校考研英语的课堂上偶尔会把各种语言讲窜，同学们大跌眼镜之余纷纷高山仰止。

【讲义】刘洪波雅思写作真经班(1)

刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 3: Some people said the government should not spend money on building theaters and sports stadiums. Instead, it should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or disagree?

6
5
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Coherence and Cohesion
7 • uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use • presents a clear central topic within each paragraph • uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical • may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately
原因1.现代人均寿命增长，生育期相应延后； 2.社会竞争压力大，选择事业收入稳定后生孩子。影响1.父母与孩子的年龄差会变大，交流中代沟会明显； 2.会出现劳动力缺口，老龄化社会。

刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 1: In order to learn a language well, we should learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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