翻译理论与实践3

gas and gaiters：（口）废话连篇 be all jaw (like a sheep’s head) ： 全是空话，废话连篇 chewing the rag：闲聊 guts：肠子， （ 用作单）贪食者 cry cupboard：喊饿, 想吃东西
Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are quite few. Besides, they are always on the go.
But if they should cut each other dead, nobody would care. When one’s knocked about from pillar to post for his bread day in and day out, he won’t find ginger enough for gas and gaiters. Of course, there’s those who are all jaw like a sheep’s head among us. But one can hardly be in a mood for rag-chewing when one’s guts cry cupboard.
1. Woman, without her, man is nothing. 2. Woman without her man, is nothing.
1） Last night we watched a scary movie and none of us was able to sleep. 昨天晚上我们看了一部恐怖电影，谁也没睡 着觉。 2） Everyone felt sorry for poor little George and for a long time he felt sorry for himself. 每个人都为可怜的小乔治难过。在很长一段时 间里，他自己也为自己难过。 3）It’s raining heavily. I wonder when it will stop. 雨很大，不知几时能停。
“我向来总以为翻译比创作容易， 因为至少是无须构想。但到真的一译， 就会遇着难关，譬如一个名词或动词， 写不出，创作时候可以回避，翻译上 却不成，也还得想，一直弄到头昏眼 花，好象在脑子里面摸一个急于要开 箱子的钥匙，却of this Lecture
1.2 具体与抽象
汉语：表达上倾向于具体 英语：表达上倾向于抽象
他绝望了，正在此时，他见到远方的 帆影，有了绝处逢生的希望。 He gave up all the hope when the appearance of a distant sail raised his hope of rescue.
1.3 动态与静态
汉语表达上趋向于动态
英语则更具有静态特征
我倒了一杯茶给他喝。 I offered him a cup of tea.
他拿着枪，绕着屋子巡走。 He walked around the house with a gun.
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
4） 一打开盒子，她就尖叫了一声——所 有钱都不翼而飞了！ She gave out a cry as soon as she opened the box. All the money was gone! 5）他的父亲——我们的英语老师——对 他十分严格。 His father, who is our English teacher, is very strict with him.
越来越多的老人发现儿孙们对于流行 乐表现出日益浓厚的兴趣，他们也渐渐 接受了这个事实。 It seems that there is a growing acceptance by the old generation of their children and their grandchildren’s increasing interest in pop music.
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日 子是如此清新；蜜蜂无言，春花不语，海波 声歇，大地音寂，这日子是如此安静。然而 并非安静，因为万物各以其独特的节奏，或 动，或摇，或震，或起，或伏。
英译汉难还是汉译英难(单选）？
100 80 60 40 20 0 26.67 英译汉 汉译英 73.33
30人中有8人选择英译汉难（占总人数26.67％）；有 22人选择汉译英难（占总人数73.33％）。
butwas a day stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, bee andits It It was a day as fresh as from silences of each in motions, compounded grass growing up and own time and matchless rhythm. comingnot silences flower and over and land, which clouds goingoceanand butterflies were down can at all, make it.
短句：简洁、明快、活泼、轻松。语句组 织疏松而清爽，语气和缓而随意，能给人 以如话家常般的轻松感和亲切感，所以读 起来使人如闻其声，似乎作品主人公正娓 娓道来。 翻译的风格化是由原著的风格决定的，作 者运笔典雅，译者就要坚决杜绝粗俗，反 之亦然。正如王佐良先生所说：“一切照 原作，雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之。” 覃军先生的“译味”也就是这个意思。
翻译感想：后面一段，越翻越有趣， 习语很多，需要变换，且找到了逻辑层次。 但第一段，还没找到感觉，组织的语言也 不够流畅，逻辑层次不够清晰。 原文语言应该是属于口语化的，想找 到百姓化、平民化的语言，可是找不到相 应的方言，自己文学涵养还有待提高趣。 现在掰开原文，觉得自己翻的是蹩脚的中 文。 也没把原文的明快、活泼特点翻出来， 很随意的感觉也没翻出来。还有一个问题 是人称转化的翻译，好多one 、they，不 知道什么时候该翻，什么时候不该翻。 感谢查看！ 肖 维 2010年10月10日
翻译理论与实践
主讲人：覃 军
翻译与写作 一名之立，旬月踟躇。 ——严复
It often takes as long as ten days or even a whole month to establish a term in translation after repeated consideration and hesitation. ——Yan Fu
老舍：（1899-1966）原名舒庆春，中 国现代小说家、文学家、戏剧家。他一 生勤奋笔耕，创作了《骆驼祥子》《四 世同堂》《茶馆》《二马》《龙须沟》 等大量文学作品，赢得了“人民艺术家” 的崇高赞誉，受到人们的喜爱。
张谷若：（1903-1994）原名张恩裕，山 东烟台人，北京大学教授。他于20世纪30 年代以成功地翻译了英国文学大师托马 斯· 哈代的代表作《德伯家的苔丝》和 《还乡》一举成名。他旗帜鲜明地提倡以 地道的译文翻译地道的原文，而做到这一 点的根本，则在于翻译家的地道做人。此 主张得到翻译界业内同行相当广泛的认同。
她们正打架，不巧被我撞见了。 I happened to be present when they were having a fight.
好不容易才说服她照我的想法办。 With some difficulty I brought her round to my way of thinking.
注释：
on the go：（口）忙个不停 cut sb. dead：不理睬某人 knock about ：（口）漂泊，游荡 from pillar to post ：四处奔走着， 到处碰壁地 for his bread (俚) ＝for his money day in and day out ：日复一日，每 天不间断地 ginger ：（口）精力，活力，劲头
1. 意合与形合（Parataxis & Hypotaxis） 2. 具体与抽象（Concrete & Abstract）
3. 动态与静态（Dynamic & Static）
1. 意合与形合
汉语：词语或语句间的连接主要凭 借语义或语句间的逻辑关系来实现。 英语：词语或语句间的连接主要依
仗连接词或语言形态手段来实现。
这个老师你认识他不认识。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 这个老师你认识他不？认识。 这个老师你认识他？不认识。 这个老师你认识？他不认识。 这个老师？你认识他不认识？ 这个老师，你认识他不？认识。 这个老师，你认识，他不认识。 这个！老师，你认识，他不认识。
Women without her man is nothing
只见那个理发师俯下身，听小姑娘说， 她要什么发式。 Leaning down to hear the little girl, the barber listened to her about the style she wanted. 酒不醉人人自醉。 It is not that the wine intoxicates the drinker but that the drinker gets himself drunk.
Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are quite few. Besides, they are always on the go. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet, they greet each other with a “How do you do?” just to show their good neighborly feelings.