过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语

[例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。

1. The recovered animals will be released soon.

2. We needed much more qualified workers.

3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.

4. He is a teacher loved by his students.

5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.

[自我归纳]

1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成并具有_____意义（见句1）。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由_____动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。

2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。

[拓展]

1. 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers退休工人；the risen sun升起的太阳。

2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如：

There is nothing changed here since I left this town.

3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如：

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.

[辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别：

动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，表示动作正在实行；而

过去分词作定语时，则表示被动或完成意义。如：

Mr Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.

The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paid vacation to China.

过去分词作表语

[例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。

1. The street is lined with small shops.

2. Tom was astonished to see his father.

[自我归纳]

过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成_____结构，表示主语的性质、特征和_____。[辨析]

1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。如：

The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.

The library is now closed.

2. 过去分词作表语与动词-ing形式作表语的区别：过去分词作表语表示被动或完成，动词-ing形式作表语表示主动或实行。如：

She was embarrassed because she didn’t know the answer.

Today’s meeting was boring.

3. 有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：

The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.

[强化训练] 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。

1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.

A. being tied

B. having tied

C. to be tied

D. tied

2. The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ______ text. All of us are ______ about it.

A. exciting; exciting

B. excited; excited

C. excited; exciting

D. exciting; excited

3. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.

A. falling; burying

B. fallen; buried

C. fallen; burying

D. falling; buried

4. —I’m very ______ with the dish I cooked. It looks nice and smells delicious. —Mm. It does have a ______ smell.

A. pleasant; pleased

B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant

D. pleased; pleasant

5. I have read plenty of books ______ by Lu Xun.

A. written

B. wrote

C. writes

D. writing

6. His nephew, ______ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.

A. losing

B. loses

C. lost

D. being lost

7. They had beef and ______ for supper.

A. smoking fish

B. fish smoking

C. fish to smoke

D. smoked fish

8. She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.

A. to plan

B. planned

C. that plans

D. planning 过去分词作定语：

[自我归纳] 1. 谓语动作；被动；及物

2. 之前；过去分词短语；定语从句

过去分词作表语：

[自我归纳] 系表；状态

[强化训练] 1-4 DDBD 5-8 ACDB