现在分词用法总结

现在分词用法总结

标准化文件发布号：（9312-EUATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

v-ing用法（一）

--------作主语和宾语

形式若用作主语或者宾语时，也称为动名词。

1．形式有时态和语态的变化，结构如下表：

. She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了这么多的时间。

He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.

2．形式的复合结构

（1）物主代词或名词所有格与形式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

①形容词性物主代词+doing ②名词’s+doing

③代词宾格+doing ④名词+doing

. Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。

（2）形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用

③④两种形式；作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可以。

. Do you mind me coming late for the film 你介意我看电影来迟了吗

3. 作主语

（1）直接放在句首作主语，句子谓语动词用单数。

Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是很好的爱好。

（2）在“it is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it 作形式主语。

. It is no use complaining; he can’t understand you.

（3）在“it is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。

. It is useless speaking.

（4）形式短语用作主语时，常常由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。

. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。

（5）形式和to do不定式作主语的区别：一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多使用形式；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。

. To do such sort of thing is foolish. 做这种事真傻。

Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康。

4. 作宾语

（1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词有：escape 逃避；enjoy 喜欢；admit 承认；practise 练习；appreciate 欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止；avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；consider考虑；forgive 宽恕； imagine 想象；risk 冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；miss错过；suggest 建议；propose建议；pardon 原谅；permit 允许；advise建议…

I suggest buying the book.

（2）有些动词短语后也要求跟作宾语，这样的动词短语有：can’t stand 忍不住； can’t help 情不自禁；feel like 想，欲； put off 推迟…

. Do you feel like taking a walk 你要不要去散步

After reading the joke, I can’t help laughing.

（3）常跟在介词后作介词的宾语。这样的短语有：instead of 代替，而不是；look forward to 期盼，盼望；be good at; dream of; be interested in; insist on; set about; adapt to 适应；be used to 适应；devote... to...; care about; …

. We are looking forward to receiving your letter.

I will go shopping instead of staying at home.

（4）下列动词可用形式，也可用不定式作宾语，意义区别不大。如begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, hate, intend等。

. Price will continue to rise/rising.

They began to make /making their study plan.他们开始制定学习计划。

（5）有一类动词（短语）既可接.-ing 也可接不定式，但意义区别较大。

remember / regret / forget to do.... 记着/ 遗憾/忘记要做……remember / regret / forget doing.... 记着/ 遗憾/忘记已经做了……

try to do... 尽力去做…… mean to do...打算、意欲去做……

try doing... 试着去做…… mean doing...意味着……

stop to do...停下来去做另一件事can’t help doing... 禁不住做……

stop doing ... 停止正在做的事 can’t help to do...不能帮着做……（6）在“have difficulty (trouble, a problem, a hard time, fun, a good time...) in + ; be busy (in) ; waste time(in) +; spend + time/ money (in)+ doing; There is no point(in) + ”等结构中，作介词宾语，in常常要省去。

. The children are busy playing their game.

I have some difficulty in finishing the work in only one day.

（7）用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在后面。

主语+ think/ consider/ find/ feel like/ ... + it + no use / useless/ no good/ ...+doing

. I think it good getting up early in the morning.

I found it useless (no use) arguing about it.

5. 的被动式

（1）动词need，require，want，deserve后，用的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。

. The watch needs mending. = The watch needs to be mended.

（2）be worth 后面只能用的主动形式来表示被动意义。

. The book is worth reading.

用法（二）