(完整word版)英语语法专业术语整理

英语语法专业术语
本次听写要求：挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上，学生按序号写出相应中文术语。

（一）词类part of speech
实词notional word ['nəuʃənəl]
虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection)
派生词derivative [di'rivətiv, də'rivətiv]
复合词compound ['kɔmpaund,kɔm'paund]
词性part of speech
名词noun
专有名词proper noun
普通名词common noun
可数名词countable noun
不可数名词uncountable noun
单数形式singular form
复数形式plural form ['pluərəl, 'plurəl]
抽象名词abstract noun [æb'strækt,'æbstrækt]
具体名词concrete noun ['kɔnkri:t]
物质名词material noun
集体名词collective noun
个体名词individual noun
动词verb
主动词main verb
及物动词transitive verb ['trænsitiv, 'trænsətiv]
不及物动词intransitive verb [in'trænsitiv, in'trænsətiv]
系动词link verb
助动词auxiliary verb [ɔ:g'ziljəri]
情态动词modal verb
规则动词regular verb
不规则动词irregular verb
短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freizəl]
限定动词finite verb ['fainait]
非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'infənit]
使役动词causative verb ['kɔ:zətiv]
感官动词verb of senses
动态动词event verb
静态动词state verb
形容词adjective
比较等级degrees of comparison
☆原级positive degree
☆比较级comparative degree
☆最高级superlative degree
副词adverb
方式副词adverb of manner
程度副词adverb of degree
时间副词adverb of time
地点副词adverb of place
修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunct
疑问副词interrogative adverb [.intə'rɔgətiv]
关系副词relative adverb
代词pronoun ['prəunaun]
人称代词personal pronoun
物主代词possessive pronoun [pə'zesiv]
反身代词reflexive pronoun [ri'fleksiv]
相互代词reciprocal pronoun [ri'siprəkəl]
指示代词demonstrative pronoun [di'mɔnstrətiv]
疑问代词interrogative pronoun [.intə'rɔgətiv]
关系代词relative pronoun
不定代词indefinite pronoun [in'definit, in'defənit]
名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun [.ædʒik'taivəl]
冠词article
定冠词definite article ['definit, 'defənit]
不定冠词indefinite article
介词preposition [prepə'ziʃən]
连词conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃən]
感叹词exclamation [.eksklə'meiʃən]
数词numeral ['nju:mərəl]
基数词cardinal numeral ['kɑ:dinl, 'kɑ:dnəl]
序数词ordinal numeral ['ɔ:dinəl, 'ɔ:dnəl]
分数词fractional numeral ['frækʃənəl]
限定动词finite verb form ['fainait]
非限定动词non-finite verb form [nʌn'finit]
原形base form
数number
单数形式singular form
复数形式plural form
规则形式regular form
不规则形式irregular form
格case
普通格common case
所有格possessive case
主格nominative case
宾格objective case [əb'dʒektiv]
性gender ['dʒendə]
阳性masculine ['mæskjulin, 'mæskjəlin]
阴性feminine ['feminin, 'femənin]
通性common
中性neuter ['nju:tə]
人称person
第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person
（二）句子
句子成分members of sentences
主语subject
谓语predicate ['predikeit,'predikit]
宾语object
双宾语dual object ['dju:əl]
直接宾语direct object
间接宾语indirect object
复合宾语complex object
同源宾语cognate object ['kɔg.neit]
补语complement ['kɔmplimənt, 'kɔmplə.ment,'kɔmpləmənt]
主补subject complement
宾补object complement
表语predicative ['pridi.kətiv, 'predi.keitiv]
定语attribute [ə'tribju:t,'ætribju:t, ə'tribjut,'ætrə.bju:t]
同位语appositive [ə'pɔzitiv]
状语adverbial [əd'və:biəl]
从句clause
从属句subordinate clause [sə'bɔ:dineit, sə'bɔ:dn.eit,sə'bɔ:dnit]
并列句coordinate clause [kəu'ɔ:dneit,kəu'ɔ:dnit, kəu'ɔ:dəneit]
名词从句nominal clause ['nɔminəl, 'nɔmənəl]
定语从句attributive clause [ə'tribjutiv, ə'tribjətiv]
状语从句adverbial clause [əd'və:biəl]
宾语从句object clause
主语从句subject clause
同位语从句appositive clause [ə'pɔzitiv]
时间状语从句adverbial clause of time
地点状语从句adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner
让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession [kən'seʃən]
原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause
结果状语从句adverbial clause of result
目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose
条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition
简单句simple sentence
并列句compound sentence
复合句complex sentence
并列复合句compound complex sentence
陈述句declarative sentence [di'klærətiv]
疑问句interrogative sentence [.intə'rɔgətiv]
一般疑问句general question
特殊疑问句special question
选择疑问句alternative question [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]
附加疑问句tag question
反义疑问句disjunctive question [dis'dʒʌŋktiv]
修辞疑问句rhetorical question [ri'tɔrikəl]
感叹疑问句exclamatory question [iks'klæmə.təri, ik'sklæmə.təuri]
存在句existential sentence [.egzis'tenʃəl]
肯定句positive sentence
基本句型basic sentence pattern
否定句negative sentence
祈使句imperative sentence [im'perətiv]
省略句elliptical sentence [i'liptikəl]
感叹句exclamatory sentence [iks'klæmə.təri, ik'sklæmə.təuri]
句法关系syntactic relationship [sin'tæktik]
并列coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dneit,kəu'ɔ:dnit, kəu'ɔ:dəneit]
从属subordination [səb.ɔ:di'neiʃən, səb.ɔ:dən'eiʃən]
修饰modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən, .mɔdəfə'keiʃən]
前置修饰pre-modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən, .mɔdəfə'keiʃən]
后置修饰post-modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən, .mɔdəfə'keiʃən] 限制restriction [ri'strikʃən]
双重限制double-restriction
非限制non-restriction
时态tense
过去将来时past future tense
过去将来进行时past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时past future perfect tense
一般现在时present simple tense
一般过去时past simple tense
一般将来时future simple tense
现在完成时past perfect tense
过去完成时present perfect tense
将来完成时future perfect tense
现在进行时present continuous tense
过去进行时past continuous tense
将来进行时future continuous tense
过去将来进行时past future continuous tense
现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense
语态voice
主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice
语气mood
陈述语气indicative mood [in'dikətiv] 祈使语气imperative mood [im'perətiv]
虚拟语气subjunctive mood [səb'dʒʌŋktiv]
否定negation [ni'geiʃən]
否定范围scope of negation [skəup] 全部否定full negation
局部否定partial negation ['pɑ:ʃəl] 转移否定shift of negation
语序order
自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion [in'və:ʃən]
全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion
直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech
自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech
一致agreement
主谓一致subject-predicate agreement ['predikeit,'predikit]
语法一致grammatical agreement [grə'mætikəl]
概念一致notional agreement ['nəuʃənəl]
就近原则principle of proximity [prɔk'simiti, prɔk'siməti]
强调emphasis ['emfəsis] /emphasize ['emfəsaiz, 'emfə.saiz]
重复repetition [.repi'tiʃən]
语音pronunciation 语调tone 升调rising tone 降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone 文体style 正式文体formal非正式文体informal
用法usage
感情色彩emotional coloring ['kʌləriŋ]
褒义commendatory [kə'mendətəri, kə'mendə.təuri] 贬义derogatory [di'rɔgətəri, di'rɔgə.təuri] 幽默humorous ['hju:mərəs] 讽刺sarcastic [sɑ:'kæstik]
挖苦ironic [ai'rɔnik] 语法grammar
句法syntax ['sintæks] 词法morphology [mɔ:'fɔlədʒi]
结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 插入语parenthesis。