[实用参考]高英课文翻译.doc
高级英语课文翻译(上册).docx
课文翻译(Translation of the text)第一课超级摇滚巨星—关于我们自己和我们的社会，他们告诉我们些什么？摇滚乐是青少年反叛的音乐。
一一摇滚乐评论家约翰•罗克韦尔由其崇拜的人即可知其人。
——小说家罗伯特•佩恩•沃伦1972年6月中旬的一天，芝加哥圆形露天剧场里观众如潮，群情激昂，狂摇猛摆。
台上，滚石乐队的米克•贾格尔正在演唱“午夜漫步人”。
演唱结束时评论家唐•赫克曼在现场。
他说：“贾格尔抓起一个装有半加伦水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把里面的水往前几排狂热的听众身上洒。
他们蜂拥地跟随他，热切地希望能淋上几滴这洗礼的圣水。
”1973年12月下旬的一天，大约一万四千名尖声叫喊的歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场嘈杂地涌向台前。
美国的恐怖歌星艾利斯•库珀正要结束自己表演。
他借助断头台假装结束自己生命来结束表演。
他的“头”落人一个草篮中。
“啊！” 一个穿黑衣服的女孩惊呼道,“啊，太了不起了！”十四岁的迈克•玻利也在场，但他的父母并不在。
“他们觉得他令人恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，'你怎么能忍受那种东西？1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁代尔的拿骚体育馆里，鲍勃•狄伦和乐队正在为音乐会上用的乐器调音。
场外瓢泼大雨中，摇滚乐迷克利斯•辛格正等着入场。
“这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。
”你是如何看待所有这些溢美之词与英雄崇拜？当米克•贾格尔迷们把他视为至高的神父或神明时，你是赞成他们还是反对他们？你和克利斯•辛格一样对鲍勃•狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？你认为他或狄伦步入歧途了吗？你是否嫌艾利斯•库珀表演恶心而不接受他？还是你莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑吸引，因为他表现了你最疯狂的幻想？这并非是些随便问问的问题。
有些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想些什么，社会在想些什么。
换句话说，可以说明你和社会的态度。
“音乐表现其时代，”社会学家欧文•霍洛威茨说。
霍洛威茨把摇滚乐的舞台视为一个辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。
(完整word版)高级英语第一册第三版课后翻译+Paraphrase
Unit1 Paraphrase:1。
We're elevated 23 feet。
We’re 23 feet above sea level。
2。
The place has been here since 1915，and no hurricane has bothered it.The house has been here since 1915，and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4。
The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity，so the lights also went out。
5。
Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars！6。
The electrical systems had been killed by water。
The electrical systems in the car （the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt。
大学高级英语教材原文翻译
大学高级英语教材原文翻译本文旨在对大学高级英语教材中的原文进行翻译，以帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握所学知识。
以下是对部分课文的翻译。
Unit 1: Cultural DifferencesText 1:Culture is defined as the learned, shared attitudes, values, and behaviors that characterize a society or a social group. It includes various aspects such as language, customs, rituals, and arts.Text 2:Cross-cultural communication refers to the exchange of information between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. It requires the understanding and respect of cultural differences, as well as the ability to adapt and communicate effectively.Unit 2: GlobalizationText 1:Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. It has led to the integration of economies and cultures on a global scale.Text 2:The advantages of globalization include increased economic growth, improved standards of living, and access to a wider range of goods and services. However, it also brings challenges such as income inequality and cultural homogenization.Unit 3: Environmental IssuesText 1:Environmental issues are concerns that arise from the impact of human activities on the natural world. They include pollution, deforestation, climate change, and loss of biodiversity.Text 2:Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves the responsible use of resources and the protection of the environment.Unit 4: Technology and SocietyText 1:Technology plays a crucial role in shaping society and influencing various aspects of our lives. It has revolutionized communication, transportation, and the way we obtain and share information.Text 2:The ethical implications of technological advancements need to be carefully considered. Issues such as privacy, security, and the impact onemployment need to be addressed to ensure that technology benefits society as a whole.以上是部分大学高级英语教材中的课文翻译，希望能够对学习者加深理解和掌握有所帮助。
(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册课后翻译(word文档良心出品)
1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。
交谈中没有胜负之说。
3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。
4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。
5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .”下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。
高英1-8单元中文翻译
1 恰到好处你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。
在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。
这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。
选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。
寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。
准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。
例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。
一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。
例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。
“human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。
我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。
有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。
(完整word版)高英课文翻译
10、Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me fromearthlycares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character."
对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
3、The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging isdepriving him ofall profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer.
每当我从死神那儿挣脱出来的那一天，每当病痛将我从尘世烦恼中解放出来的那一天，我都要叠一只新的小纸鸟，加到原有的纸鸟群里去。我就这样看着这些纸鸟，庆幸病痛给自己带来的好运。因为正是我的病痛使我有了怡养性情的机会。”
11、In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.
高英第二册课文译文
高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫·布兰克小约翰。
柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。
路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。
但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。
为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。
两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。
他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。
约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。
公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。
37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。
四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。
不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。
“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，’他对父亲说，“而且距离海边足有250码远。
这幢房子是1915年建造的。
至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。
我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。
”老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。
他对儿子的意见表示赞同。
“我们是可以严加防卫。
度过难关的，”他说?“一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。
”为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。
自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。
飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查r手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。
(完整word版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动.动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得“有些话要说",那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些.他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的—-她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话--我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语'这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
"此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。
最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
高级英语第三版-课文翻译
第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风小约翰。
柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
柯夏克一家居住的地方——密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。
路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。
但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人——妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子——眼看着就要灾祸临头。
为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。
两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。
他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。
约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。
公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。
37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。
四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。
不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。
“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，”他对父亲说，“而且距离海边足有250码远。
这幢房子是1915年建造的。
至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。
我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。
”老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。
他对儿子的意见表示赞同。
“我们是可以严加防卫。
度过难关的，”他说?“一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。
”为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。
自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。
飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查r手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。
约翰的父亲将一台小发电机搬到楼下门厅里．接上几个灯泡。
高级英语上册课文翻译
高级英语上册课文翻译高级英语上册课文翻译有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语转换成句子，分开来叙述。
为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语，也就是采取化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子，顺序基本不变，前后保持连贯。
下面是高级英语上册课文翻译，欢迎参考阅读！人口与环境计划生育和环境保护是我国的基本国策，也是提高人民生活质量的重要条件。
我们要重点抓好农村和流动人口的计划生育管理和服务，控制人口增长。
我们要加强优生优育工作，通过人口素质。
Family planning and environmental protection are China’s basic state policies and vital to improving the quality of people’s lives. We should concentrate our efforts on the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population so as to control population growth. We should improve prenatal and postnatal care and foster physical fitness among the population.我们必须加强对耕地、水、树林、草原、矿产、海洋、生物等资源的管理和保护，实行资源有偿使用制度，促进资源的节约与合理利用。
我们要严格控制和治理污染，加快重点地区和重点流域污染的治理，公布大城市环境质量监测指标。
We must tighten control over and protection of arable land, water, forests, grasslands, and mineral, sea and biological resources. We should institute a system of paid use of natural resources to ensure economical and rational uses. We should strictly deal with and control pollution and speed up pollution treatment in major regions and river valley. We should publish standards for monitoring environmental quality in large cities.我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境的矛盾日益突出，粗放型的经济增长方式难以为继。
高级英语课文译文
Lesson2The Game of the NameBy Peter FarbHere comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though he is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use? John? Smith? Dr. Smith? A decision such as this is usually made unconsciously.As native speakers in the American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical rules of American-English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about members of our speech community.Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being addressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have unconsciously assimilated can safely be ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula Title plus Last Name (TLN).But defining a “child” is not always easy. I address my son's roommate at college by Uneven though he is an adult under the law. I, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75-year-old acquaintance who calls me Pete.Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation.If the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social Identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr. Smith (or sometimes simply as Doctor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital.(I am allowed to call him if my status is at least as high as his or if we are friends outside of our social roles, but the rest of my utterance must remain respectful.)We are also obliged to address certain other people by their social Identity in formal situation: public officials (Congressman: Your Honor),educators (Professor or Doctor),leaders of meetings (Mr. Chairman),Roman Catholic priests (Father Daffy) and nuns (Sister Anna),and so forth. By the way, note the sexist distinction in the formulas for priests and nuns. The formula for a priest is Father plus Last Name, but for a nun it is Sister plus Religious Name (usually an FN).Most conversations, however, are not carried on in formal speech situations, and so the basic decision is when to use FN to TLN.A social acquaintance or newly hired colleague of approximately the same age and rank is usually introduced on an FN basis. “Pete, I’d like you to meet Harry.” Now a problem arises if both age and rank of cone of the parties are higher：“Pete, I’d like you to meet Attorney Brown.”Attorney Brown may, of course, at any time signal me that he is willing to suspend the rules of address and allow an FN basis. Such a suspension is his privilege to bestow, and it is usually handled humorously, with a remark like,“I answer quicker to Bruce.” Complications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. A young doctor who joins a hospital finds it difficult to address a much older doctor. They are equal in rank (and therefore FN should be used) but the great disparity in ages calls for TLN. In such cases, the young doctor can use the No-Name (NN) formula, phrasing his utterances adroitly to avoid using any term of address at all.English is quite exceptional among the world's languages in this respect. Most European languages oblige the speaker to choose between the familiar and formal second person singular (as in the French tu and vous), as English once did when“thou”was in use. This is the basic American system, but the rules vary according to speech situations, subtle friendship or kin relationships between the speakers, regions of the country, and so forth.Southern speech, for example, adds the formula Title plus First Name (Mr. Charlie) to indicate familiar respect. Southerners are also likely to specify kin terms (as in Cousin Jane) whereas in most of the United States FN is used for cousins. Address to strangers also alters some of the rules. A speaker usually addresses a stranger whose attire and behavior indicate higher status by saying sir. But sometimes speakers with low status address those with obviously higher status by spurning this rule and instead using Mac or buddy—as when a construction worker asks a passing executive, socially identified by his attaché case, “You got a match, buddy?”第二课名字游戏约翰·史密斯正朝我走过来。
(完整word版)高级英语第一册第三版课后翻译+Paraphrase.doc
Unit1 Paraphrase:1.We ’ re 23 feet above sea level.2.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, sothe lights also went out.5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars!6.The electrical systems in the car (the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice graduallygrew dimmer and finally stopped.10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late.1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
高级英语课文中的翻译
第一课（课文中的英译汉）1.The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - archedgateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare ofa big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far asthe eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. 此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
2.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeperguess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. 对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。
3.The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that theprice he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. 而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。
高级英语课文翻译马克吐温.docx
2009-05-03 21:00 高级英语 Lesson 9. Mark Twain ---Mirror of AmericaNoel GroveMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idylliccruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer offreedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author wasevery bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyonehas ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, aman who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, whosaw clearly ahead a black wall of night.Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain wasborn Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation formore than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted hispen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms(12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested bythe fact that more than a score of his books remain in print,and translations are still read around the world.The geographic core, in Twain's early years, was the great valley ofthe Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the youngnation's heart. Keelboats ， flatboats , and large rafts carried the firstmajor commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moveddownstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskeytraveled north. In the 1850's, before the climax of westward expansion,the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States.Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. The cast of characters set before him in his new professionwas rich and varied a cosmos . He participated abundantly in this life,listening to pilothouse talk of feuds , piracies, lynchings ,medicine shows,and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books, togetherwith the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographicSteamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. Fromthem all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. Hisfour and a half year s in the steamboat trade marked the real beginning ofhis education, and the most lasting part of it. In later life Twainacknowledged that the river had acquainted him with every possible typeof human nature. Those acquaintanceships strengthened all his writing,but he never wrote better than when he wrote of the people a-long thegreat stream.When railroads began drying up the demand for steam-boat pilotsand the Civil War halted commerce, Mark Twain left the river country. Hetried soldiering for two weeks with a motleyband of Confederate guerrillaswho diligently avoided contact with the enemy. Twain quitafter deciding, "... I knew more about retreating than the man thatinvented retreating. "He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe region. For eight months he flirted withthe colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and wasrebuffed . Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter withthe Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, to literature's enduring gratitude.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain begandigging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reportingtrade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.In the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining theTerritorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco,then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles,but he had to leave the city for a while because of some scathing columnshe wrote. Attacks on the city government, concerning such issues as mistreatment of Chinese, so angered officials that he fled to thegoldfields in the Sacramento Valley. His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there ring familiarly in modern world accustomed totrend setting on the West Coast. "It was a splendid population–for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained slothsstayed at home... It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astoundingenterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash anddaring and a recklessness of cost or consequences, which she bearsunto this day – and when she projects a new surprise, the grave worldsmiles as usual, and says 'Well, that is California all over. '"In the dreary winter of 1864-65 in Angels Camp, he kept a notebook. Scattered among notationsabout the weather and the tedious mining-campmeals lies an entry noting a story he had heard that day–an entry that would determine his course forever: "Coleman with his jumping frog–bet stranger $50–stranger had no frog, and C. got him one–in the meantime stranger filled C. 's frog full of shot and he couldn't jump.The stranger's frog won." Retold with his descriptive genius, thestory was printed in newspapers across the United States and became knownas "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." Mark Twain'snational reputation was now well established as "the wild humorist ofthe Pacific slope."Two year s later the opportunity came for him to take a distinctlyAmerican look at the Old World. In New York City the steamshipQuaker City prepared to sail on a pleasure cruise to Europe and theHoly Land. For the first time, a sizablegroup of United States citizensplanned to journey as tourists -- a milestone , of sorts, in a country'sdevelopment. Twain was assigned to accompany them, as correspondent工for a California newspaper. If readers expected the usualglowing travelogue , they were sorely surprised.Unimpressed by the Sultan of Turkey, for example, he reported,“... one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night.”Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbalshots at the Holy Land. Back home, more newspapers began printinghis articles. America laughed with him. Upon his return to the Statesthe book version of his travels, The Innocents Abroad, became an instantbest-seller.At the age of 36 Twain settled in Hartford, Connecticut. His bestbooks were published while he lived there.As early as 1870 Twain had experimented with a story about theboyhood adventures of a lad he named Billy Rogers. Two years later, hechanged the name to Tom, and began shaping his adventures into astage play. Not until 1874 did the story begin developing in ear nest. After publication in 1876, Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale ofAmerican boyhood. Tom's mischievousdaring, ingenuity , and the sweetinnocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to bestudied in American schools to-day as is the Declaration of Independence.Mark Twain's own declaration of independence came from anothercharacter. Six chapters into Tom Sawyer, he drags in "the juvenilepariah of the village, Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard."Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas, Huckprotests to his friend, Tom Sawyer: "I've tried it, and it don't work;it don't work, Tom. It ain't for me ... The widder eats by a bell; shegoes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell–everything's so awfulreg'lar a body can't stand it."Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation, Huck was given alife of his own, in a book often consider ed the best ever written aboutAmericans. His raft flight down the Mississippi with a runaway slavepresents a moving panorama for exploration of American society.On the river, and especially with Huck Finn, Twain found theultimate expression of escape from the pace he lived by andoften deplored, from life's regularities and the energy-sappingclamorfor success.Mark Twain suggested that an ingredient was missing in theAmerican ambition when he said: "What a robustpeople, what a nation ofthinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelfoccasionally and renew our edges."Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of lovedones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12; his brother Henry,killed by a steamboat explosion; the death of his son, Langdon, at 19months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis , Mrs.Clemens succumbed to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter.,Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub .Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. Themoralizing of his earlier writing had been well padded with humor. Nowthe gloves came off with biting satire. He pretended to praise the U. S.military for the massacre of 600 Philippine Moros in the bowl of avolcanic, crater . In The Mysterious Stranger, he insisted that man drophis religious illusions and depend upon himself, not Providence, tomake a better world.The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end.Dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushingsense of despair on men's final release from earthly struggles: "...they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; wherethey achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and afoolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed–a world which will lament them a day and for-get them forever.”第九课马克 &S226;吐温——美国的一面镜子(节选 )诺埃尔 &S226;格罗夫在大多数美国人的心目中，马克 &S226;吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克 &S226;费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆 &S226;索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
高英课文翻译U1-U5
Why Don't We Complain?It was the very last coach and the only empty seat on the entire train, so there was no turning back. The problem was to breathe. Outside the temperature was below freezing. Inside the railroad car the temperature must have been about 85 degrees. I took off my overcoat, and a few minutes later my jacket, and noticed that the car was flecked（饰以斑点）with the white shirts of the passengers. I soon found my hand moving to loosen my tie. From one end of the car to the other, as we rattled through Westchester Country, we sweated; but we did not moan.这是整列火车最后一节车厢中唯一的一个空位子，所以也不必再掉头去找了。
问题是这里让人透不过气。
外面的气温在冰点以下，而火车车厢里的温度一定有85度左右。
我脱掉了大衣，几分钟后又脱掉了外套，并且我注意到车厢里望去星星点点的都是乘客们的白衬衫。
不久我就发现我的手开始在松领带了。
在火车哐啷哐啷地行进在威彻斯特县的时候，从车厢的一头到另一头，我们全都汗水淋漓，但我们没有吭声。
I watched the train conductor appear at the head of the car. "Tickets, all tickets, please！" In a more virile（雄壮的）age, I thought, the passengers would seize the conductor and strap him down on a seat over the radiator（暖气片）to share the fate of his patrons. He shuffled down the aisle, picking up tickets, punching commutation cards. No one addressed a word to him. He approached my seat, and I drew a deep breath of resolution. "Conductor," I began with a considerable edge to my voice……Instantly the doleful（消沉的）eyes of my seatmate turned tiredly from his newspaper to fix me with a resentful stare：what question could be so important as to justify my sibilant intrusion into his stupor（麻木不仁）？I was shaken by those eyes.I am incapable of making a discreet fuss, so I mumbled a question about what time we were due in Stamford（I didn't even ask whether it would be before or after dehydration could be expected to set in）, got my reply, and went back to my newspaper and to wiping my brow.我看到乘务员在车厢的头里出现了。
必修人教版高中英语课文原文和翻译.docx
Book2 Unit1 Cultural relicsIN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀屋Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was theAmber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used tomake it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was alsoa treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artistsabout ten years to make.普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。
这件礼物就是琥珀屋 , 它之所以有这个名字 , 是因为造这间房子用了近几吨琥珀 , 被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽 , 呈黄褐色 , 像蜜一样。
屋子的设计当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑风格。
琥珀屋这件珍品还镶嵌着黄金和珠宝 , 全国最优秀的艺术家用了是年的时间才完成它。
In fact, the room was not madeto be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return,the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part ofthe Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room servedas a small reception hall for important visitors.事实上, 琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。
高英第六册课文翻译
注意：均源自网络，仅供参考！学校中的性别歧视如果一个男孩在课堂上喊出来，他会得到老师的观注。
如果一个女孩在课堂上喊出来，她会被告之先举手再发言。
老师表扬男孩比女孩多，会给男孩更多的学业帮助，老师更能接受男孩在课堂讨论中评论。
这只是一些老师怎样偏爱男孩的例子。
通过这样的优势，男生就能增加更好的教育机会，可能得到高工资或者晋级快。
虽然许多人认为课堂歧视在70年代早期就消失了，但它并没有消失。
教育不是一种供人观看的体育运动。
许多研究者，最近的有加州大学洛杉矶分校前教育系系主任John Goodlad，也是“一个被称为学校的地方”的作者，他们表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对学校持有更积极的态度，这种积极的态度能增进学习。
女生在课堂上比较被动，在高考中比男生得分低，这决不是一种巧合。
大多数老师声称，女生参加课堂讨论和男生一样，也经常会被提问。
但刚刚完成的长达三年的研究发现，不是这样的，男生显然会控制整个课堂氛围。
当我们给老师、行政人员看了课堂讨论视频，问谁说得多时，老师们异口同声说女生说得多。
但事实上，在视频中，男生比女生说得多的比例是3：1。
在我们的研究中，实地研究者对4个州的小学4年级、6年级、初中2年级以及哥伦比亚特区等100多个班级的学生进行了观察。
老师和学生有男的、女的、黑人、白人、来自城市的、郊区的、农村社区的。
一半的课程是语言艺术和英语，这些课程传统上是女生占优势；另一半课程是数学和科学，这些传统上是男生的领域。
我们发现所有的年级、所有的社区、所有的学科中，都是男生控制住了课堂交流，他们比女生参与课堂互动多，随着时间的推移，他们参与的越来越多。
我们的研究否定了传统的假设，女生在阅读课上统治课堂讨论，而男生则是在数学课上。
我们发现不管是在语言艺术、英语还是数学、科学这些科目中，往往男生得到老师的观注要比女生多。
有些批评家声称，如果老师对男生说得多，这仅仅是因为男生在吸引老师注意力上更加自信，这是个经典的例子，吱嘎响的轮子就能被上油。
高级英语(下)课文翻译
Module 1 The Film Maker一段小说节选（选自《美好工作》）“这就是，”威尔科克斯说，”我们唯一的一台电脑数控机器。
”“什么？”“电脑数码控制的机器。
看看它换工具有多快？”罗玢从一个有机玻璃窗里往里凝视，看着一些东西像突然抽了筋一样转来转去，进进出出，喷出一种看上去像牛奶咖啡似的液体给机器加油润滑。
“这是干什么？”“机制汽缸盖。
很美，对吧？”“我倒不喜欢这样形容。
”在罗玢的眼里，这台机器运动突然，猛烈，但受控制地向前一冲，又往后一退，真有点儿刁钻古怪，甚至流里流气，活像某种钢铁爬虫在吞食猎物。
“总有一天，”威尔科克斯说，”将会出现摆满这种机器的无灯工厂。
”“干吗是无灯的呢？”“机器不需要灯光，机器是瞎子。
一旦你建起一座全电脑化的工厂，你就可以拆除灯，关上门，由它去制造引擎或者吸尘器，或者任何东西，一切独自在黑暗里进行。
一天二十四小时都在工作。
”“这个主意叫人头皮发麻。
”“在美国，在斯堪的纳维亚，人家早已有了。
”“那经理呢？他也成了一台电脑，坐在黑暗的办公室里？”威尔科克斯对这个问题认真考虑了一下。
”不，电脑不会思想。
总得有人来管理，起码有一个人，决定做什么，怎样做。
不过这些工作”——他把头一扬，眼睛对着一排排工作台瞥了一圈——”不会再有了。
这里的这台机器正在干去年十二个人干的工作。
”“美好的新世界哟，”罗玢说，“那里只有经理们才有工作。
”这一回威尔科克斯没有忽略她的反讽。
”我不喜欢把工人当做冗员裁掉，”他说，”可我们也处于两难的困境。
如果不现代化，我们就失去竞争优势，只好裁减冗员，如果搞现代化，我们还得裁减冗员，因为我们不再需要。
”“我们应当做的事情就是花更多的钱给人们做好创造性休闲的准备，”罗玢说。
“就像搞妇女研究？”“还有别的。
”“男人喜欢工作。
说来可笑，可他们就是喜欢。
每个周一早上他们也许会发牢骚讲怪话，他们也许会鼓励缩短工时，增加假期，但他们需要工作以赢得自尊。
”“那不过是个适应问题。
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THEMIDDLEEASTERNBAZAAR中文翻译文:中东的集市TheMiddleEasternbazaartakesPoubackhundreds---eventhousands---ofPears.TheoneIamthinki ngofparticularlPisenteredbPa Gothic-archedgatewaPofagedbrickandstone.Poupassfromthehe atandglareofabig,opensquareintoacool,dark cavern whichePtendsasfarastheePecansee,losingitselfintheshadowPdistance.LittledonkePswith harm oniouslPtinkling bellsthreadtheirwaPamongthe throngs ofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.TheroadwaPisabouttwelvefeetwide,butitisnarrowedever PfewPardsbPlittle stalls wheregoodsofeverP conceivable kindaresold.The dinofthestall-holder;crPingtheirwares,ofdonkeP-boPsandportersclearingawaPforthemselvesbPsh outingvigorouslP,andofwould-bepurchasersarguingand bargaining iscontinuousandmakesPou dizzP.中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
ThenasPoupenetratedeeperintothebazaar,thenoiseoftheentrancefadesawaP,andPoucometoth e mutedcloth-market.Theearthenfloor,beatenhardbPcountlessfeet,deadensthesoundoffootsteps,andth e vaulted mud-brickwallsandroofhavehardlPanPsoundsto echo.Theshop-keepersspeakinslow, measuredtones,andthebuPers,overwhelmed bPthe sepulchral atmosphere,follow suit .随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
Oneofthe peculiarities oftheEasternbazaaristhatshopkeepersdealinginthesamekindofgoodsdonotscatterthemselveso verthebazaar,inordertoavoidcompetition,butcollectinthesamearea,sothatpurchaserscanknoww heretofindthem,andsothatthePcanformacloselP knit guild against injusticeor persecution.Inthecloth-market,forinstance,allthesellersofmaterialforclothes,curtains,chairco versandsoonlinetheroadwaPonbothsides,eachopen-frontedshophavingatrestle trestle table fordisplaPandshelvesforstorage.BargainingistheorderofthecaP,andveiledwomenmoveata leisu relP pacefromshoptoshop,selecting,pricinganddoingalittle preliminarP bargainingbeforethePnarrowdowntheirchoiceandbeginthereallPseriousbusinessofbeatingthepr icedown.中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
ItisapointofhonorwiththecustomernottolettheshopkeeperguesswhatitisshereallPlikesandwants untilthelastmoment.IfhedoesguesscorrectlP,hewillpricetheitemhigh,andPieldlittleinthebargainin g.Theseller,ontheotherhand,makesapointofprotestingthatthepriceheischargingis depriving him ofallprofit,andthatheissacrificingthisbecauseofhispersonalregardforthecustomer.BargainingcangoonthewholedaP,orevenseveraldaPs,withthecustomercomingandgoing at intervals .对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。
而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。
顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。
Oneofthemost picturesqueandimpressivepartsofthebazaaristhecopper-smiths'market.AsPouapproachit,atinklingandbang ingandclashingbeginsto impingeonPourear.Itgrowslouderandmoredistinct,untilPouroundacornerandseea fairPland ofdancingflashes,asthe burnished coppercatchesthelightof innumerable lampsandbraziers .Ineachshopsittheapprentices–boPsandPouths,someofthemincrediblPPoung–hamm eringawaPatcoppervesselsofallshapesandsizes,whiletheshop-ownerinstructs,andsometimesta kesahandwithahammerhimself.Inthebackground,atinPapprenticeblowsabi-,charcoalfirewithah ugeleather bellowsworkedbPastringattachedtohisbigtoe--theredofthelivecoalsglowing,brightandthendimming rhPt hmicallP tothestrokesofthebellows.集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。
你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越来越清晰。
直待你走到拐角处一转弯，眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器，它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆，流光飞舞，有如仙境。
每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年，其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器，而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着，有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。
铺子的后边，还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱，煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。
HerePoucanfindbeautifulpotsandbowlsengravewithdelicateand intricate traditionaldesigns,orthesimple,everPdaPkitchenwareusedinthiscountrP,pleasinginform,butund ecoratedandstrictlPfunctional.Elsewherethereisthecarpet-market,withitsprofusionofrichcolors,v ariedtePturesandregionaldesigns--someboldandsimple,othersunbelievablPdetailedandPethar monious.Thenthereisthespice-market,withits pungent and ePoticsmells;andthefood-market,wherePoucanbuPeverPthingPouneedforthemost sumptuous dinner ,orsitinatinPrestaurantwithportersandapprenticesandeatPourhumblebreadandcheese.ThedPe-market,thepotterP-marketandthecarpenters'marketlieelsewhereinthe maze ofvaultedstreetswhich honePcombthisbazaar.EverPhereandthere,adoorwaPgivesaglimpseofasunlitcourtPard,perhapsbeforea mo sque ora caravanserai wherecamelslie disdainfullPchewingtheirhaP,whilethegreatbalesofmerchandisethePhavecarriedhundredsofmilesacrossthe desertliebesidethem.在这里，你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆，上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案，也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具，虽无花纹图案，但造形美观，经济实用。