译林牛津七年级下学期7B Unit5 语法讲解量词讲义(含练习和答案)

7B Unit5 语法讲解
量词
Warm-up: Reading
Water is very important to us. We cannot live without water.
There is a lot of water on the earth, but we cannot use most of it. About 97% of the earth’s water is salty.(咸的) Only the rest is fresh water. But most of the fresh water is snow and ice near the North South Poles.(南北极) We can use only about 1% of the water on the earth. We use water from both lakes and rivers. Some of the water evaporates and then becomes rain. Of cause we use rain water for farms and other things. We use this water again and again.
一、重难点
1）理解什么是量词
2）掌握修饰可数名词与不可数名词的量词
二、精讲点拨
＊many，much
1. much/many 意为“很多”，既可起代词作用，也可起形容词作用，比较级和最高级为more，most. 在句中，可作主语，宾语和定语等. much与不可数名词连用，作主语时谓语动词用单数，many与可数名词复数连用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。

eg：Much bread goes bad.
Many of you should be praised.
We can learn much with the help of him.
The cards are pretty. She bought many for Christmas.
There is much water in the pool.
There are many people over there.
. much/many前面可加上how，as，too，so等修饰.
eg：How much have you paid for the bill?
How many people want to learn French?
You eat too much.
＊lot
1. lot不能单独使用，常与of连用，lots of/ a lot of意为“许多”，后面接可数名词复数和不可数名词均可，接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时谓语用单数. a lot是副词性短语，可以修饰动词.
eg：There are a lot of animals in the zoo.
Thanks a lot. = Thank you very much.
2. 表示“大量，许多”的短语，a lot of, lots of, a number of, a great deal of, plenty of等.
(1) a lot of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，可以相应的换成much和many.
(2) plenty of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词复数。

(3) a number of 只修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。

(4) a great deal of 只修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

eg: A lot of people think that time is money.
I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.
I have a number of letters to write today.
I spend a great deal of time on shopping.
＊little/a little
little意为“很少”，“几乎没有”，含否定含义，其比较级和最高级为less和least，a little意为“有些”，含肯定之意。

little, a little 既可起代词作用，也可起形容词作用与不可数名词连用。

在句中都可作主语，宾语和定语。

Eg: He is a very poor man and he has little money.
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.
＊few/a few
few意为“很少几个”，“几乎没有”，含否定之意，其比较级和最高级为fewer和fewest; a few意为“有几个”，“有些”，含肯定之意。

few，a few既可起代词作用，也可起形容词作用与可数名次复数连用，它们在句中可作主语，宾语和定语。

Eg：In that polar region there live few people.
You can get a few sweets from him.
＊enough
enough意为“足够”，可作形容词，副词，名词。

基本用法如下：
作形容词，可放在所修饰的名词前或后。

既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，还可以单独作
表语。

1) 作名词
Eg：---Do you want any more rice?
---No, thanks. I have had enough.
2) 作表语
Eg：Ten dollars is enough.
There is enough food for everybody.
3) 作副词
Eg：The coat is good enough.
He plays well enough for a beginner.
注意：形容词的比较级前还可以用much,a lot, far, even, still, a little, no, any等表示程度的词来修饰。

即：very + 原級; much /a little / a lot / even / far + 比较級
如：Tom is much taller than Jack. (Tom比Jack高多了。

)
I feel a little better than yesterday.我感觉比昨天好一点儿了。

The job is far more difficult than before.这工作比以前要难得多。

▲不可数名词的计量方法
(1) 一般用“数字+ 计量单位+名词+ of表示。

（注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式）。

如：
a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉
a glass of wine 一杯酒two bowls of rice 两碗米
a sum of money 一笔钱five bags of flour 五袋面粉
a drop of water 一滴水three bottles of milk三瓶牛奶
two pieces of advice 两条建议
(2) 当我们询问量的多少时，常用how many , how much 。

How many 用于询问可数名词；而how much 用于不可数名词。

同时，how much 还可用于询问价格。

How many bags of rice do you need ? 你需要多少袋大米？
How much paper does your office need ? 你们办公室需要多少张纸？
How much does the notebook cost ? 这电脑笔记本要多少钱？
(2) too 与enough 也可用于量的表达。

too 表示过量，enough表示足量。

This family doesn’t have enough money to buy a house.
这家人没有足够的钱买一套房子。

I ate too much. I don’t feel well. 我吃太多了，我感到不舒服。

三、巩固提升
I 选词填空
（一）用many 或much 填空
1. There are food on the table.
2. There are hotels in the town.
3. students fail the exam.
4. Paula hasn’t got money from his parent.
（二）用too many /too much /enough填空
1. I don’t like the weather here. There’s rain.
2. I can’t wait for them. I haven’t got time.
3. There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were people.
4. You drink coffee. It’s not good for you.
5. The room is big to hold 5 people.
II．单项选择
1. There are reservoirs in Guangdong.
A. much
B. too much
C. many
D. much too
2. Taking a bath takes much more water than showers----about twice as .
A. much
B. too much
C. many
D.too many
3. We must hurry. There is time left.
A. a little
B. little
C. a few
D. few
4. He did well in the exam and made mistakes.
A.few
B.little
C. a little
D. a few
5. Twenty liters of water is to fill 65 cans of soft drinks.
A. much
B. many
C. enough
D. no
6. She ran out of all the cooking oil at home. She used cooking oil.
A. too many
B. too much
C. too few
D. too little
7. In hot days, there are usually swimmers in the pool.
A.a lot of
B. a lot
C.few
D. much
8. My cousin is always busy with his work. He has time to read newspaper.
A. little
B. few
C. a little
D.a few
9. There is sugar in my coffee. It’s too sweet.
A. too many
B. too much
C. too few
D. too little
10. Please come here earlier. We have no time.
A.a little
B. little
C. few
D. many
11. The boy is old to go to school.
A.enough
B.much
C.a little
D. many
12.His room is big to hold 10 people.
A.too
B.enough
C.much
D. Few
四、课后拓展
语法选择
Max is a clever boy. He lives with his mom and sister. He has many dreams and always wants to have adventures. One day he leaves home and _1___ a trip.
Max finds a small boat and sets sail （起航）. He arrives__2__ a strange island. There are monsters __3__ on the island. They find Max and want to eat him.
Max tells them that in the place __4__ he comes from, he is a king. The monsters believe him. Carol is one of the monsters. He gets _5__. But he is kind. He _6__Max King of the island. They become good friends and decide _7__ a big fort（堡垒）on the island. But as they build, there are disagreements ( 不一致) __8__ the group. Also, Max has to be careful __9__ Carol find out he is not really a king…
Will Max and his monster friends be able to build the fort? Will Carol find out Max’s secret? Learn the answers in the movie Where the Wild Things Are (《野兽家园》). The film __10__ Chinese cinemas next month.
1. A. go on B. goes on C. go to D. goes to
2. A. at B. in C. on D. \
3. A. live B. living C. lived D. to live
4. A. which B. what C. where D. who
5. A. mad easily B. mad easy C. easy mad D. easily mad
6. A. make B. makes C. to make D. making
7. A. to be built B. being built C. to build D. building
8. A. between B. among C. at D. of
9. A. not to let B. to not let C. not letting D. to let
10. A. hit B. will hit C. hitting D. to hit
完形填空
Daisy would never forger the night when she met a robber many years ago.
That evening, she went to a birthday party which __1__ until two o’clock in the morning. Daisy walked in the __2__street alone. Suddenly from the back of a dark building a tall man with a sharp knife in his right hand ran out at her. “Good __3__, lady,” the man said in a low voice, “ I don’t think you wish to die here!”
“What do you want?” “Your earrings. Take them off!”
Daisy suddenly had a __4__ idea. She tried to cover her necklace with the collar( 衣领) of her overcoat while she used __5__ hand to take off both of her earrings and then quickly __6__ them on the ground.
“Take them and let me go,” she said. The robber thought that the girl didn’t like the earrings at all, only trying to keep the necklace. It would cost __7__, so he said, “Give me your necklace.”
“Oh, sir. It doesn’t __8___ much. Please let me wear it.”
“I’m not that silly. Quick!”
With shaking hands Daisy took off her necklace. As soon as the robber left, she picked up her earrings and ran as__9__ as she could to one of her friends.
The earrings cost 480 pounds and the necklace the robber had taken away cost __10___ six pounds.
1. A. ended B. stayed C. stopped D. lasted
2. A. busy B. quiet C. noisy D. wide
3. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. night
4. A. funny B. safe C. brave D. bright
5. A. other B. others C. the other D. another
6. A. handed B. threw C. passed D. put
7. A. cheap B. expensive C. more D. less
8. A. weigh B. take C. spend D. cost
9. A. fast B. early C. carefully D. much
10. A. really B. already C. only D. hardly
阅读理解
A
Visitors to London often eat in restaurants. The owners and workers in them are all from other countries. The visitors say in these restaurants they don't feel they are in England. Most of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes they themselves will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants. When an Englishman
goes out of a restaurant, he may find that he doesn't understand why everything is written in French and Italian.
Most of English people think it is better to eat at home, because it is cheaper. They don't want to spend much money on food and they like cooking at home. They like fast food. But for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks to get ready for it, because they want to have good food.
( ) 1. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants because_________.
A. they don't like the food at home
B. their homes are not in London
C. it's cheaper
D. restaurants are beautiful places
( ) 2. When English people eat in restaurants , they sometimes think __________.
A. they are in another country
B. they are in the country
C. they are themselves
D. they love their country
( ) 3. Some of English people don't know __________.
A. why everything comes from French and Italian
B. why people write everything in French and Italian
C. everything in restaurants
D. everyone in restaurants
( ) 4. English people eat at home because __________.
A. it is fast
B. the food is expensive at home
C. it is sometimes very cheap
D. the food is very cheap at home
( ) 5._________ English people will spend much time for Christmas .
A. In order to get more food
B. In order to have much food
C. In order to get good food
D. In order to have enough food
A say hello to Rose
B ask Rose about the British meals
C tell Rose about the free trip
D tell Rose that he liked her programs
( ) 2. The possible time for breakfast in England is
A from 7:00pm to 9:00 pm
B from 7:00am to 9:00am
C from 4:00pm to 5:00 pm
D from 4:00am to 5:00am
( ) 3. In England, afternoon tea often takes place
A before lunch
B between breakfast and lunch
C during supper
D between lunch and dinner
( ) 4. The second course at dinner is often at British meals.
A soup
B cheese
C bread with butter
D meat or fish with vegetables ( ) 5. Rose answered the letter
A on New Year’s Day
B at the Lantern Festival
C on New Year’s Eve
D on Christmas Day
参考答案
巩固提升
(一) 1. much 2. many 3.Many 4. much
(二)1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B7. A8. A9. B10. A 11.A 12.B
四、课后拓展：
语法选择
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. A10. B
完形填空
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. A10. C
阅读理解
(A) 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
(B) 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. A
(C) 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. D
(D) 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C。