语法讲解 定语从句(1)

定语从句（1）

概念引入：

She is the girl who sings best of all.

她是所有人中唱得最好的。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.

他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

Give me the book whose cover is green.

把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。

定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。

语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】，

定语从句的定义

Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？

The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.

他前天买的那本书很棒。

He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。

Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。

其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。

定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.

（who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）

There is still much homework which we must finish.

（which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）

关系代词引导的定语从句

I. who和whom

1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。

（who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语）

His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。

（who代替先行词His friend在从句中作主语）

I have to find the boy whom I saw yesterday. 我得找到昨天见的那个男孩。■

(whom代替先行词the boy在从句中saw的宾语)

He is the man whom I met yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom代替先行词the man在从句中作met的宾语）

练一练：who还是whom？

1. The man _______ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

2. Do you know the girl _______ I talked to just now?

3. Is he the man _______ wants to see you?

答案：1. who 2. whom 3. who

2.whom在定语从句中充当宾语时常可省略，注意whom可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语，而介词提前时whom不能省略。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

刘先生就是你们在公交车上谈论的那个人。

Ling Feng is just the boy (whom) I want to see. (whom代表先行词the boy作动词see的宾语) 凌峰就是我想见的那个男孩。

This is the girl (whom) he worked with. (whom代表先行词the girl作介词with的宾语)

这就是同他一起工作的女孩。

This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不能省略)

3. 在口语和非正式语体中关系代词whom常用who代替，可省略。

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。

II. which

先行词是事物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，我们就用which引导定语从句。同样，在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但是此介词提前，不能省略。

They had a radio which could send out messages. (代替先行词radio在从句中作主语)

他们有一个能发出信息的收音机。

He told us a story which made everyone laugh. (代替先行词story在从句中作主语)

他讲了一个让我们人人发笑的故事。

Where is the car (which) you bought last month? (代替先行词car在从句中作宾语，可省)

你上个月买的车在哪儿呢？

The package (which) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which在从句中作宾语）你拿的包快散了。

Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. (2014 福建高考)

运动在生活中非常重要，没有它你会惨兮兮的。