八年级上册英语笔记

Unit1 How often do you exercise?

Section A

Lange Goal: Talk about how often you do thing .

标题释义：

知识点 1. how often 的用法：

1）how often 是“多久一次”的意思，常用频率副词(always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never), once a week , two or three times a month ,every day等词来回答。如果对这些词划线部分提问，则用how often.

2）how often 的同义词组是how many times (多少次)，所以问句的同义句句是：How many times do you exercise ?

3）但是how many times 与how often 的区别是how many times 通常只用 once, twice, three times 等来回答。

eg. How often does she go to the movies ?

------- Twice a month

How many times do you watch TV every week ?

------- Three times.

4）补充：

how long 是“多长时间”的意思，回答常用“for…”或”since …”引导的时间状语。Eg. How long have you been in America ?

“他在美国多久了”

------- For two years .“两年了”

how soon 是“还要多久才…”的意思，一般用将来时态，回答用“in …”引导的时间状语。

eg . How sooon will he be back ? “他多久回来“

------- He will be back in an hours . “他一小时后回来”

how much 也意为“多少”，但后面跟不可数名词，也对数量提问；同时还可用来询问价格“多少钱”的意思。

eg . How much water do you want ? “你想要多少水？”

-------Two bottles . “两瓶”。

结构： How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句？意思为“多少”

How much is a piece of bread ? “一片面包多少钱？

------Three yuan . “三元”

结构： How much + 一般疑问句？意思为“多少钱”

注意：bread 面包是不可数名词，前面不能用a,

只能用 a + 数量词+of + 不可数名词来表示

How many books do you have ? “你有多少本书？

--------- Three books. “ 3本书。”

结构： How many + 名词复数 + 一般疑问句？意思为“多少”

知识点2 . do的用法

1）问句中的do 是助动词，帮助构成一般疑问句，没有汉语意思，我们学过的助动词有（do ,does ,did, don’t , doesn’t ,didn’t ）.

2）助动词的用法：

助动词后面必须有行为动词，而且这个行为动词必须用原形，如标题do后面的行为动词是exercise ,而且exercise 是动词原形。

助动词很显然在句子中只是起到帮助作用，帮助句子构成一般疑问句或构成否定句。在句子中如果有be动词（am,is are）或情态动词（can能，会，可以。may 可以， should 应该，must 必须，will 将要）把句子变成否定句则直接在be 动词或情态动词后面加上not ,有some 换成any 就可以了。变成一般疑问句，则直接将be 动词或情态动词提到句首，第一人陈和第二人称互换就可以了，但如果句子中没有be 动词或情态动词怎么变成否定句和一般疑问句呢？那就请助动词帮忙，变成否定句在行为动词前面加don’t或doesn’t,变成一般疑问句则直接在句首加Do或Does。

eg . She is a studend .

She is not a student

Is she a student ?

He can play football.

He can not play football.

Can he play football?

They go to the movies every day .

They don’t go to the movies every day .

Do they go to the movies every day?

He goes to the movies every day .

He doesn’t go to the movies every day .

Does he go to the movies every day?

3) do ,does ,did, don’t,doesn’t, didn’t除了可以作助动词外还可以作行为动词，意思是“做”，eg . do homework , does homework, did homework “做作业”， do sports “做运动“

eg. She does homework every day. 这里的does是行为动词“做”

She doesn’t do homework every day .

Does she do homework every day ?

知识点3 . exercisede 用法

1.v. 动词锻炼，运动= do sports = play sports

2.n . “锻炼，运动”是不可数名词，不能+s, 词组：

take exercise = get exercise (锻炼)

n . “练习，体操”是可数名词，复数+s 即：exercises

词组： math exercises (数学练习题)

do morning exercises (做早操)

do eye exercises (做眼保健操)