专业英语课后习题参考答案
英语专业综合英语教程-第六册-课后练习答案(全)
Key to the Exercises--- An Integrated English Course - Book 6Unit 1 Technology in Reverse●Text ComprehensionI. CII. 1. F. Not all technology makes things complicated and wasteful; it is only retarded technology that makes things complicated and wasteful. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. T. Refer to Paragraph 5.3. F. It is true that the author acknowledges the great changes brought about by new technology, buthe believes these advantageous changes are often offset by a lot of technology-related waste. Refer to Paragraph 7.4. T. Refer to Paragraph 7.5. F. The author expresses his doubt in a sarcastic tone that cellular phones could really improvemarriages and save “family values”. Refer to Paragraph 9.● Language WorkI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. highly regarded, intricate, attractive2. a sudden increase3. an event that will make you feel upset for a long time4. can supposedly help, at the same time5. need to be able to use6. we receive so many press releases that we find it difficult to deal with them7. an age where hi-tech has brought us noticeably great changes8. supposed, get away from us/be unattainable9. consequence, people who know nothing about technology, impeding10. usually, insignificantII. Fill in the banks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. customized2. traumatized3. promotional4. paradoxical5. frivolity6. subscribers7. successors8. inanities9. institutionalized10. subsidyIII. Fill in each of the blanks with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. are clogged with2. purports to3. a vista of4. bombarded…with5. exulted over6. scribbled all over7. find… alluring8. make a comeback9. call up10. tossed … into11. was eliminated12. compress… intoIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. weak2. entrance to3. full of4. be compensated for by having the same amount deducted from his tax5. shows all the signs of6. excitement and danger7. spent the afternoon discussing8. increase her confidence9. very often10. quick diveV. Correct the errors in the following passage.VI. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.1. millionaires2. computer3. breed4. programs5. companies6. generation7. popularity8. provide9. sales10. times11. valuable12. life● Translation1.The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded.2.He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use.3. He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.4. It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system.5. The gold medal continues to elude her.6. Yo u’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that.7. Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%.8. I scrawled a quick note to Hilary and put it under her door.9. There’s a smashing view from her office.10 The trip out there was swell, but the hotel was a bit crummy.II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.在我成长的房子里有一间屋子，我们把它称作图书馆。
专业英语课后习题答案
专业英语课后习题答案Chapter1I. 1.Application software2. -128 1273. system software4. hardware system software system5.microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, supercomputersII. 1. false 2. false 3. false 4. true 5.trueIII. (1) b (2) c (3)a (4) dIV. (1)编码技术(2)应用软件(3) 浮点数据(4)分时(5)存储容量VIII．1.By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols通过应用多种编码技术，一组二进制数字不但可以表示二进制数据，而且还可以表示其它的离散符号2.System software includes not only the complex programs used by technicians to create application software in the first place but also the organizational programs needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs.系统软件不仅包括技术人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序，而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其他程序使用的管理程序。
3.Data are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve required computational results.数据是数字和其他的二进制代码信息，通过处理这些数据得到所需要的计算结果。
专业英语课后习题参考答案
Unit 7 P56I、Translate the following words into Chinese1、Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土2、Rolled-steel轧制钢3、Weldability可焊性4、Aggregate骨料5、Mortar砂浆6、Deformation变形II、Translate the following words into English1、冲击荷载shock loading2、软钢，低碳钢mild steel/low carbon steel3、冷拉hard drawn4、黏土砖clay brick5、收缩shrinkageIII、Translate the following sentence into Chinese1、The modern civil engineer needs to deal with a variety of materials that are oftenintegrated in the same structure , such as steel and concrete , or are used separatelyfor construction projects , such as pavement form asphalt and Portland cementconcrete.现代土木工程师需要处理大量建筑材料。
有时多种材料使用在同一结构中，如钢筋和混凝土；有时建筑材料被分别使用在单独的建筑项目中，例如沥青路面和硅酸盐水泥混凝土。
2、The useful engineering properties of both unalloyed and allyed aluminum are lowspecific gravity , resistance to corrosion , high electrical conductivity and excellentforming properties.铝和铝合金的有用的工程特性都是低比重，耐腐蚀，导电性能高和成型性能好。
旅游专业英语第二版课后练习题含答案
旅游专业英语第二版课后练习题含答案一、填空题1.The person who makes travel arrangements for tourists iscalled a ___________.–Answer: travel agent.2.rfares are sometimes discounted for passengers who______________.–Answer: book their tickets in advance.3.Tourists who don’t want to spend a lot of money onaccommodations can stay in a _____________.–Answer: hostel.4.Travelers who prefer to plan their own trips without using atour operator are called _____________.•Answer: independent travelers.5.Foreign visitors to a country are sometimes required to obtna _______________ before they are allowed to enter.•Answer: visa.二、选择题1.Which of the following documents is required for entry tosome countries?–A. Passport–B. Driver’s license–C. Birth certificate–D. Social security cardAnswer: A. Passport2.If you want to travel to the United States, what do you needto have?• A. A passport and a visa• B. A driver’s license and a passport• C. A birth certificate and a visa• D. A social security card and a passportAnswer: A. A passport and a visa3.Which of the following accommodations usually offers thelowest room rates?–A. Hotel–B. Motel–C. Hostel–D. ResortAnswer: C. Hostel4.What is a tour operator?• A. A person who organizes travel for other people• B. A person who provides travel information• C. A person who provides transportation for tourists• D. A person who works in a travel agencyAnswer: A. A person who organizes travel for other people5.Which mode of transportation is usually the most expensive?• A. Plane• B. Trn• C. Bus• D. CarAnswer: A. Plane三、阅读理解Tourism is an important industry in many countries around the world. Tourists travel for different reasons, such as professional development, cultural enrichment, and personal relaxation. However, tourism also has some negative impacts on the environment and local communities.One way to reduce the negative impacts of tourism is to promote sustnable tourism. Sustnable tourism is a type of tourism that conserves the natural and cultural environment while providing economic benefitsto local communities. It is a way to balance the needs of tourists, the environment, and the local community.To promote sustnable tourism, some hotels and tour operators have adopted sustnable practices, such as recycling, energy conservation, and the use of local materials. In addition, tourists can also contribute to sustnable tourism by choosing eco-friendly accommodation and activities, respecting local customs and traditions, and supporting local businesses.However, promoting sustnable tourism requires the cooperation of all stakeholders, including the government, the tourism industry, local communities, and tourists. Sustnable tourism is not only good for the environment, but it also benefits the local economy and enhances the travel experience of tourists.1.What is sustnable tourism?–Answer: Sustnable tourism is a type of tourism that conserves the natural and cultural environment whileproviding economic benefits to local communities.2.What are some sustnable practices that hotels and tour operators can adopt?–Answer: Some sustnable practices that hotels and tour operators can adopt include recycling, energy conservation, and the use of local materials.3.How can tourists contribute to sustnable tourism?–Answer: Tourists can contribute to sustnable tourism by choosing eco-friendly accommodation and activities,respecting local customs and traditions, and supportinglocal businesses.4.Who needs to cooperate to promote sustnable tourism?–Answer: Promoting sustnable tourism requires the cooperation of all stakeholders, including the government,the tourism industry, local communities, and tourists.5.What are the benefits of sustnable tourism?–Answer: Sustnable tourism benefits the environment, the local economy, and enhances the travel experience oftourists.。
专业英语1-6单元课后练习答案
Chapter 1Exercisesplete the following sentencesB.Give the meaning for the following combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes and provideSection B ReadingsPassage One Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:●Classification of organ systems●Structure and function of each organ system●Associated medical termsExercisesA.Discuss the following topics1.Why do we study anatomy and physiology?Because it is necessary to understand how human body’s parts are put together and howthey function.2.Suppose you were a professor of anatomy trying to introduce the human body to yourstudents at the first class, where would you like to begin and how would you like toproceed?(how many systems are there in the human body? What are they?)Firstly, name the ten systems usefully classified by anatomists, that is …; then use onesentence to introduce the composition and their functions.3.Give brief accounts of the structures and functions of each organ system.The first two sentences of each paragraph have given the answers and find them out.B.Rewrite the following sentences in your own way and use phrases and expressions youare familiar with.Fox example:The digestive system consists of a tube extending from the mouth to the arms.The digestive system begins at the mouth and ends at the anus and the whole system described as a tube.1.The skeletal system is composed of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage.The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.2.The contraction of the muscular system produces heat, which helps maintain a constant bodytemperature.Heat is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the body temperatureconstant.3.The circulatory system distributes needed materials and removes unneeded ones.The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing waste ones.4.The respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air and expels carbon dioxide and watervapor.Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.5.The breakdown (of food), known as digestion, is both a mechanical and a chemical process.The digestion of food involved both mechanical and chemical procedures.6.The urinary system maintains normal levels of water and of certain small molecules such assodium and potassium in the body.The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.7. A major gland is the pituitary, which is located under the brain in the middle of the head.A major gland is the pituitary, which is located under the brain in the milled of the head. Thepituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.8.The information is processed by the brain, and then messagesare carried back to muscles andglands throughout the body.The brain collects and processes information and then sends instruction to all parts of body to be carried out.9.The male reproductive system is responsible for producing, transporting and maintainingviable sperm.The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keep active male sex cells.10.The skin is a complete system that protects the inner structures of the body, and it is thelargest of the body’s organs.The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structures of the body with acomplete layer.C.Put the following words or phrases into the following sentences and change the form if1.The blood is also part of the body’s defense system. It has __ (antibodies) ___andleukocytes that protect the body against foreign invaders.2.The skin is a complete layer that protects the inner structures of the body and it is thelargest of the body’s organs. Hair and nail are __ (accessory) ____structures of the skin.3.The human skin is covered with plenty of nerves and any touch on it provides _ (tactile)__information to the central nerve system.4.The function of __（skeleton system）__is to provide support and protection for the softtissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body.5.When we breathe, we inhale fresh air with oxygen and _ (exhale) _ ____carbon dioxide.6.The body’s temperature can be lowered by __ (evaporation) ___of sweat from the skin.7.An infant’s skeleton is made of _ (cartilage) __that is gradually replaced by bone as theinfant grows into adult.8.__ (Striated muscles) ___can be consciously controlled and therefore is called voluntarymuscle.9.When __ (ovas) __are not fertilized by sperm, they are to be eliminated from the body.10.When liquid remainder of food enters the colon, most of the fluid is absorbed and therelatively dry _ (residues) ___are expelled.Passage Two Cells and TissuesExercisesA.discuss the following topics1.Why do the body systems have to work as a whole despite the fact that each systemserves its specific function?It is because no system is independent of the others; they work together to maintain thebody’s state of internal stability, termed homeostasis.2.What are the vital parts of a cell?Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum(ER), cytoplasm,ribosomes, nucleolus, chromosomes, cell membrane, vacuole, golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, centrioles, nucleus3.Give brief accounts of the structures and functions of the cell membrane, cytoplasm andnucleus.4.List the four types of tissues.Epithelial tissues, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue5.Suppose you were a linguist and asked to explain the difference between RNA and DNA,how would you explain (from the point of view of word formation)?Suppose you were a molecule biologist and asked to explain the difference between RNA and DNA, howwould you explain?RNA stands for ribonucleic acid with oxygen, the DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid without oxygen.C.translate the following into Chinese1. Located along the endoplasmic reticulum as well as elsewhere in the cytoplasm are numerous ribosomes.细胞质的各处以及沿着胞浆网有数量很多的核糖体。
计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案
计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;1. user3. data4. keyboard5. data processingjLBHrnAILg6. information [Ex 4] instructions7. computer8. memory 3. manipulates 4.1. input device2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function6. code7. hard copy[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT 技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their1 / 30presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.LDAYtRyKfEThese processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.Zzz6ZB2Ltk 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600 系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。
大学专业用途英语课后习题答案
大学专业用途英语课后习题答案1. You'd better ( ) a copy of the whole article for yourself. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. makingC. to makeD. made2. He is very strict. It is no use ( ) yourself to him. [单选题] *A. explainedB. to explainC. explaining(正确答案)D. explain3. All people must pull together ( ) the project can be finished on schedule. [单选题] *A. as thoughB. ifC. even thoughD. in order that(正确答案)4. I wish I ( ) shopping with you yesterday, because I was very bored at home then. [单选题] *A. had gone(正确答案)B. would goC. could have goneD. went5. If ( ) in a warm place, these flowers will bloom in late May. [单选题] *A. to plantB. planted(正确答案)C. plantD. planting6. My father recommended two new books to me, ( ) seemed to be very interesting. [单选题] *A. both of thatB. all of thatC. both of which(正确答案)D. all of which7. Tom will never forget the days ( ) he lived in the remote village with his parents. [单选题] *A. whatB. whichC. when(正确答案)D. why8. Don't expect too much from her. The more you expect, ( ) you will become. [单选题] *A. the disappointedB. more disappointedC. the most disappointedD. the more disappointed(正确答案)9. The weather is quite fine. Let's go swimming, ( )？ [单选题] *A. will youB. shall we(正确答案)C. do weD. do you10. There is no doubt that the residents living in this building can have free ( ) to the swimming pool. [单选题] *A. excessB. access(正确答案)C. accelerateD. assess11. If you want to strengthen your friendship with your friends, you should ( ) more time communicating with them. [单选题] *A. spend(正确答案)B. takeC. payD. cost12. Tom has been nervous for three days, since he will have a(n) ( ) for the manager's job. [单选题] *A. reviewB. viewC. chatD. interview(正确答案)13. But for your advice, I ( ) the task arranged by the leader yesterday. [单选题] *A. shall not finishB. could not have finished(正确答案)C. shall finishD. could finish14. The aim of this meeting is ( ) how to solve the serious crisis. [单选题] *A. to discuss(正确答案)B. discussingC. to discussingD. discussed15. This building is named ( ) his name in memory of his great invention. [单选题] *A. upB. after(正确答案)C. atD. in16. ( ) are quite humorous and everyone likes making friends with them. [单选题] *A. The Bushes(正确答案)B. A BushC. BushesD. The Bush17. One way to manage time wisely is to give ( ) to what is the most important. [单选题] *A. principleB. permissionC. priority(正确答案)D. process18. The teachers don't know ( ), because the meeting rooms are being decorated. [单选题] *A. where should the meeting be heldB. which should the meeting be heldC. which the meeting should be heldD. where the meeting should be held(正确答案)19. Due to the outbreak of the epidemic, many outdoor activities have been ( ). [单选题] *A. called forB. called off(正确答案)C. called backD. called in20. According to the report, some experts ( ) the shop with selling cups with insulting ads. [单选题] *A. charge(正确答案)B. accuseC. blameD. condemn21. Some people ( ) it for granted that what they pick up in the street belongs to them. [单选题] *A. makeB. take(正确答案)C. getD. regard22. Because there is enough time, the teacher advises students ( ) their papers again. [单选题] *A. examinedB. to examine(正确答案)C. to examiningD. examine23. Many people suffer from hunger in this country ( ) the decrease of food imports this year. [单选题] *A. instead ofB. regardless ofC. due to(正确答案)D. as to24. I ( ) reading the novel by yesterday, so I buy a new novel today. [单选题] *A. had finished(正确答案)B. finishedC. finishD. would finish25. Most foreign people think ( ) very difficult to learn to write Chinese characters. [单选题] *A. thatB. thisC. it(正确答案)D. one26. Mary heard her name called by someone, whose voice was very familiar ( ) her. [单选题] *A. withB. to(正确答案)C. onD. in27. One ( ) of extra-curricular activities is that the kids involved can gain friendship. [单选题] *A. flexibilityB. benefit(正确答案)C. privilegeD. interest28. I will tell the truth to him if he ( ) the funeral the day after tomorrow. [单选题] *A. would attendB. will have attendedC. attends(正确答案)D. will attend29. His ( ) of the accident conflicted with that of the other witnesses. However, I believed what he said was true. [单选题] *A. expectationB. instructionC. responseD. account(正确答案)30. Every time I run into difficulty, he is always the first ( ) help. [单选题] *A. to be offeredB. to offer(正确答案)C. offerD. offering31. Many women have to resign in order to ( ) their children wholeheartedly. [单选题] *A. bring up(正确答案)B. put upC. break upD. build up32. My good friend Lily told me that she ( ) to New York the next month. [单选题] *A. wentB. goesC. would go(正确答案)D. will have gone33. It is natural that people ( ) feel upset for no reason. It usually won't last too long. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. some timesC. a timeD. some time34. Our company wants to invest in the property market, so we look forward to ( ) with that company. [单选题] *A. cooperateB. cooperating(正确答案)C. cooperatedD. being cooperated35. It is really ( ) to borrow money from your elder sister just to help a selfish stranger pay off his debt. [单选题] *A. ridiculous(正确答案)B. stubbornC. splendidD. popular36. The kids in the kindergarten help each other and never quarrel, thus creating a ( ) atmosphere. [单选题] *A. commonB. lonelyC. peaceful(正确答案)D. steady37. You ( ) to make so many preparations; the job has been assigned to an experienced fellow. [单选题] *A. needn't have bothered(正确答案)B. shouldn't have botheredC. mustn't have botheredD. couldn't have bothered38. ( ) in the park yesterday afternoon, my mother met an old friend. [单选题] *A. To walkB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkD. Walked39. Mary behaved in a specially confident manner ( ) she had understood the problem completely. [单选题] *A. as if(正确答案)B. whetherC. althoughD. than40. As we all know, success results from hard work; ( ) efforts, nothing can be achieved. [单选题] *A. except forB. without(正确答案)C. despiteD. besides41. His advice is that your father ( ) more exercise outdoors in the morning. [单选题] *A. doneB. will doC. should do(正确答案)D. does42. From this book, you can know ( ) those animals escape from their natural enemies. [单选题] *A. whoB. how(正确答案)C. whereD. it43. Plants are very ( ) to climate change. Therefore, many tree species are faced with extinction because of global warming. [单选题] *A. sensibleB. consciousC. sensitive(正确答案)D. independent44. His two dogs made a mess in his room, ( ) he didn't want to punish them. [单选题] *A. andB. orC. becauseD. but(正确答案)45. Hearing the words, he didn't seem to be offended; ( ), he looked very happy. [单选题] *A. in a wordB. in other wordsC. on the wholeD. on the contrary(正确答案)46. ( ) the salary is rather low, many young people have resigned in recent months. [单选题] *A. Because(正确答案)B. ForC. AfterD. So that47. What the little girl wants ( ) a pen, and what her elder brother wants ( ) two books. [单选题] *A. are; areB. is; isC. is; are(正确答案)D. are; is48. Most universities don't ( ) that every student can graduate with a certificate if they don't study hard. [单选题] *A. guarantee(正确答案)B. provideC. requireD. complete49. The company has recently taken on fifty people ( ) live in the local area. [单选题] *A. whichB. whoseC. thoseD. who(正确答案)50. All the afternoon my colleagues and I ( ) a report in the meeting room. [单选题] *A. prepareB. were to prepareC. have been preparing(正确答案)D. had been preparing5I. It is no use worrying about the future all the time. No one knows what will ( ) next minute. [单选题] *A. take placeB. get onC. disappearD. happen(正确答案)52. Alice, please turn down the music. I ( ) an important phone call at present. [单选题] *A. answerB. answeredC. have answeredD. am answering(正确答案)53. After you use my dictionary and English book, you should place them ( ) they used to be. [单选题] *A. the momentB. where(正确答案)C. whenD. that54. ( ) runs the fastest in the competition will be given an expensive prize. [单选题] *A. Whoever(正确答案)B. WhomeverC. WhomD. Who55. If you want these new employees to work out the answer, two hours and a half ( ) not enough. [单选题] *A. to beB. beingC. areD. is(正确答案)56. Only after they had examined the machine for several hours ( ) the problem. [单选题] *A. they foundB. did they find(正确答案)C. they findD. do they find57. ( ), he doesn't know how to get on with other people. [单选题] *A. Adult as he is(正确答案)B. Adult he is asC. Adult he as isD. An adult as he is58. It was ( ) that they went for a picnic in the park last weekend. [单选题] *A. so nice a weatherB. such nice weather(正确答案)C. nice weather soD. too nice weather59. It is advisable to adjust the measures on the ( ) of short-time predictions. [单选题] *A. basis(正确答案)B. baseC. foundationD. ground60. ( ) slowly he runs! I don't think he may attend the lecture on time. [单选题] *A. WhatB. ItC. How(正确答案)D. Whether。
专业英语课后习题答案
1. Put the following into Chinese.（1）Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.流过电路里电阻的电流，与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。
这就是欧姆定律。
（2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region.不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。
（3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow.应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。
（4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected.一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。
专业英语课后习题答案unit1-9完整+10-13非完整版
Unit 1Materials science材料科学Stone age石器时代Naked eye肉眼Bronze age铜器时代Optical property光学性能Integrated circuit集成电路Mechanical strength机械强度Thermal conductivity导热“Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast ,”materials engineering “is ,on the basis of there structure property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material that produce a predetermined set of properties。
，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical ,and deteriorative。
固体材料的所有重要的性质可以分成六个不同的种类，机械性能、电性能、热性能、磁性能、光性能和耗。
In addition to structure and properties , two other important components are involved in the sciences and engineering of materials , namely“processing”and“performance”.除了组织性能之外，另外两个重要的性质也包括在材料科学和工程之中，即“加工”和“特性”The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationship，as well as processing techniques of material，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria。
计算机专业英语教程第四版翻译课后练习题含答案
计算机专业英语教程第四版翻译课后练习题含答案简介《计算机专业英语教程》是针对计算机专业学生编写的一本英语教材。
本书旨在帮助学生通过学习计算机领域的专业英语词汇和语法，提升他们的英语能力和技能。
本文将为读者提供该教材第四版的课后练习题及答案。
第一课练习题1.将下列单词从易到难排序：chip, computer, algorithm, software,desktop2.将下列单词从中文翻译为英文：程序设计，硬件，操作系统，输入，输出3.请解释下列缩略语的全称：RAM，CPU，OS答案1.desktop, chip, computer, software, algorithm2.programming, hardware, operating system, input, output3.RAM（Random Access Memory），CPU（Central Processing Unit），OS（Operating System）第二课练习题1.请翻译下列句子：计算机的功能越来越强大，它可以执行许多任务。
2.请解释下列单词的意思：interface，protocol，server，router答案puters are becoming more and more powerful and they canperform many tasks.2.interface（接口）, protocol（协议），server（服务器），router（路由器）第三课练习题1.请将下列单词按字母顺序排列：database，file，program，server，storage2.请填写下列句子的空格：计算机会读取从硬盘 __ （into）内存。
3.请解释下列单词的意思：database，algorithm，client，browser答案1.algorithm，database，file，program，server，storage2.into3.database（数据库），algorithm（算法），client（客户端），browser（浏览器）第四课练习题1.请翻译下列句子：今天我学会了如何编写计算机程序。
生物专业英语课后练习题含答案
生物专业英语课后练习题含答案1. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is the most important considerationwhen designing a polymerase chn reaction (PCR)?A. The length of the primerB. The temperature of the PCRC.The amount of DNA in the sample D. The thermal stability of the DNA polymeraseAnswer: D2.Which of the following describes the function of arestriction enzyme in molecular biology?A. Restriction enzymes are used to replicate DNA.B.Restriction enzymes are used to sequence DNA. C. Restrictionenzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites. D. Restrictionenzymes are used to amplify DNA.Answer: C3.The gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according towhich of following parameters?A. SequenceB. SizeC. ConcentrationD. ChargeAnswer: B4.Which of the following is not a component of a typicalprokaryotic cell?A. NucleusB. Cell wallC. RibosomeD. PlasmidAnswer: A5.Which of the following is responsible for the majority ofoxygen production on Earth?A. FungiB. AlgaeC. ProtozoaD. BacteriaAnswer: B2. Short Answer1.What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?Genotype refers to the set of genes an organism carries, while phenotype refers to the observable trts that result from the interaction between the organism’s genes and its environmen t.2.Describe the process of translation.Translation is the process by which the information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein. It occurs on ribosomes, which contn two subunits (the small subunit and the large subunit).The process begins with the small subunit binding to the mRNAmolecule; this initiates the process of recognition of the start codon (AUG). Once the start codon is identified, the ribosome will recruit the first tRNA (transfer RNA) molecule, which carries an amino acid. The amino acid is then added to the growing peptide chn as the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, one codon at a time. This continues until a stop codon is reached, at which point the ribosome releases the newly synthesized protein, and the mRNA molecule is degraded.3.What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryoticcells?Prokaryotic cells are simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells and do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They are typically much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, have a nucleus and many membrane-boundorganelles (such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and theendoplasmic reticulum). They are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.3. True or False1.Bacteria are always harmful to humans.False2.The most diverse group of organisms on Earth is arthropods. True3.The Calvin cycle is the process by which photosynthesisoccurs.True4.Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are primarilydecomposers.True5.RNA splicing removes introns from the primary RNA transcript,leaving only exons.True4. MatchingMatch the following terms with their correct definition or function:1.EnzymeC. Protein molecule that acts as a catalyst in a biochemicalreaction2.GlycolysisD. The process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate3.MitochondriaA. Organelle responsible for cell respiration4.NucleusB. Organelle responsible for the storage and transmission ofgenetic informationAnswer:1.C2.D3.A4.BConclusionThis set of practice questions is designed to test your understanding of some of the key concepts in biology. By exploringtopics like genetics, cell structure, and molecular biology, you can gn a deeper appreciation for the complexity and diversity of life on Earth.By engaging with these questions and testing your knowledge, you can become a more confident and capable biologist.。
材料专业英语课后习题答案
材料专业英语课后习题答案材料专业英语课后习题答案在学习材料专业英语的过程中，课后习题是非常重要的一部分，它能够帮助我们巩固所学的知识，并检验我们的理解和掌握程度。
下面是一些常见的材料专业英语课后习题及其答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、单项选择题1. The ________ of a material refers to its ability to be drawn into a wire.A. malleabilityB. ductilityC. strengthD. hardness答案：B. ductility2. The ________ of a material refers to its ability to resist deformation under stress.A. malleabilityB. ductilityC. strengthD. hardness答案：C. strength3. The ________ of a material refers to its ability to resist scratching or indentation.A. malleabilityB. ductilityC. strengthD. hardness答案：D. hardness4. The process of changing a metal's properties by heating and cooling it is called ________.A. annealingB. temperingC. quenchingD. forging答案：A. annealing5. The process of heating a material to a high temperature and then cooling it quickly to make it hard is called ________.A. annealingB. temperingC. quenchingD. forging答案：C. quenching二、填空题1. The ________ of a material is its ability to return to its original shape after being deformed.答案：elasticity2. The ________ of a material is the maximum stress it can withstand before breaking.答案：tensile strength3. The ________ of a material is its ability to conduct electricity.答案：electrical conductivity4. The ________ of a material is its ability to conduct heat.答案：thermal conductivity5. The ________ of a material is its ability to absorb energy without breaking.答案：toughness三、阅读理解题材料科学与工程专业的学生需要学习并掌握英语，因为这门学科涉及到许多国际合作和交流。
生物专业英语参考答案
生物专业英语参考答案一、词汇题1. 细胞膜的主要成分是______。
答案：lipids（脂质）2. 基因表达调控中，转录因子的作用是______。
答案：regulating gene expression（调控基因表达）3. 酶的催化作用是通过改变反应的______来实现的。
答案：activation energy（活化能）4. 克隆技术中，克隆羊多利是通过______技术实现的。
答案：nuclear transfer（核移植）5. 线粒体是细胞的“能量工厂”，其主要功能是进行______。
答案：cellular respiration（细胞呼吸）二、选择题1. 以下哪个不是细胞器？A. LysosomeB. MitochondrionC. VacuoleD. Cell wall答案：D2. DNA复制的方式是：A. Semi-conservativeB. ConservativeC. DispersiveD. Random答案：A3. 以下哪个是真核生物特有的结构？A. RibosomeB. NucleusC. Cell membraneD. Cytoplasm答案：B4. 以下哪个过程不涉及蛋白质合成？A. TranscriptionB. TranslationC. Post-translational modificationD. DNA replication答案：D5. 以下哪个不是细胞周期的阶段？A. G1 phaseB. S phaseC. M phaseD. R phase答案：D三、填空题1. 细胞周期包括______、S期、G2期和M期。
答案：G1期2. 蛋白质合成的第一步是______，第二步是翻译。
答案：转录3. 基因突变可以导致______的改变，从而影响蛋白质的功能。
答案：DNA序列4. 细胞凋亡是一种受控的细胞死亡过程，也被称为______。
答案：程序性细胞死亡5. 线粒体DNA主要编码与______相关的蛋白质。
护理专业英语课后答案习题
护理专业英语课后答案习题(4)护理专业英语课后答案习题护理专业英语课后答案Unit10Warm-up TasksTask 1: True or False Statements1. T2. F3. F4. F5. F6. T Task 2: Sentence Completion 1. can be helped2. a combination of medicine and therapy3. to manage their anxiety4. the sense of confidenceStudy & PracticeI. Reading Comprehension1. D2. B3. A4. C5. A II. Words to Practice1. concise 6. deviant2. defined as 7. impinge upon3. holistic 8. enact4. implementation 9. proceeded5. dilemma 10. formulated III. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 20世纪30年代是一个过渡期。
护理工作开始考虑出现在所有疾病中的心理因素。
精神疾病的一些概念性的知识被合理地归为综合护理教育的一部分。
然而，直到1955年，精神护理才被要求编入所有本科护理教学大纲。
2. 精神科护士有极强的观察技能。
一些患者可能需要持续的观察，这也就意味着护士必须一直和患者在一起。
而另一些患者，如自杀患者，会需要近距离的观察。
患者的护理计划需定时进行监测和修改以反映患者需求的变化。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.1. With the spread of the virus the mood of horror is pervasive among all the villagers.2. In the early years of the twentieth century, some mentalfactors that could cause diseases were unrecognized.3. Doctors are often faced with such a dilemma that they don’t know whether they should tell the dying patients the truth or not.4. Some strange diseases with unknown reasons are on the rise since the tsunami happened in Southeast Asia.5. The Red Cross was first founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland, and now has expanded into a worldwide organization. IV. Audio TasksTask 1: Short-answer Questions1. For almost one out of every five people.2. A failure of character.3. A combination of factors.4. Through billions of cells called neurons5. Proper amounts of chemical messengers to communicate. Task 2: Spot Dictation1. temporary2. struggling3. prevent4. recognizing5. imbalances6. messaging7. neurons8. neurotransmitters9. release 10. correctly护理专业英语课后答案Unit11Warm-up TasksTask 1: True or False Statements1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F Task 2: Sentence Completion1. seek medical attention immediately2. to take an aspirin right away3. do have a bypass surgery4. is given his stent or has bypass surgery5. elevated blood pressures, … stress, cholesterolStudy & PracticeI. Reading Comprehension Questions1. A2. C3. B4. D5. D II. Words to Practice1. tailored 6. blunts2. heart failure 7. see that3. onset 8. intimately4. impairment 9. provision5. restored…to 10. exacerbation III. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 如果病人已了解康复的基本程序，并能够在无人帮助或在某一个人的帮助下从床挪动到椅子上，则该病人可以在家中进行康复。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语课后练习题含答案
电气工程及其自动化专业英语课后练习题含答案Chapter 1: Introduction to Electrical EngineeringExercise 1.11.What is electrical engineering?2.List some common applications of electrical engineering. some famous electrical engineers.Answers:1.Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that dealswith the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.mon applications of electrical engineering include powergeneration, transportation systems, communication systems,lighting systems, and control systems.3.Some famous electrical engineers include Nikola Tesla,Thomas Edison, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, and Samuel Morse.Exercise 1.21.What is the difference between DC and AC?2.What is the purpose of a transformer? some common electrical units.Answers:1.DC (direct current) is the flow of electric charge in asingle direction, whereas AC (alternating current) is the flow of electric charge that reverses direction periodically.2.The purpose of a transformer is to transfer electricalenergy from one circuit to another by means of electromagnetic induction.mon electrical units include voltage (volts), current(amps), resistance (ohms), power (watts), capacitance (farads), and inductance (henries).Chapter 2: Circuit AnalysisExercise 2.11.W hat is Kirchhoff’s current law?2.What is Kirchhoff’s voltage law? some common circuit elements.Answers:1.Kirchhoff’s current law states that the total currententering a junction must equal the total current leaving thejunction.2.Kirchhoff’s voltage la w states that the total voltagearound a closed loop must equal zero.mon circuit elements include resistors, capacitors,inductors, diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers.Exercise 2.21.What is the difference between an open circuit and a shortcircuit?2.What is a series circuit?3.What is a parallel circuit?Answers:1.An open circuit is a circuit that is not complete and doesnot allow the flow of current, whereas a short circuit is acircuit that has a very low resistance and allows the flow ofcurrent to bypass the normal path.2.A series circuit is a circuit in which the components areconnected end to end so that the same current flows through each component.3.A parallel circuit is a circuit in which the components areconnected in parallel so that the voltage across each component is the same and the total current is divided among the components. Chapter 3: ElectromagnetismExercise 3.11.What is an electromagnetic wave?2.What is Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction?3.What is Lenz’s law?Answers:1.An electromagnetic wave is a wave that is composed ofelectric and magnetic fields that are oscillating at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.2.Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that achanging magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor that is proportional to the rate of change of themagnetic field.3.Lenz’s law states that the direction of the induced EMF issuch that it opposes the change that produced it.Exercise 3.21.What is a solenoid?2.What is the Lorentz force law?3.What is magnetic hysteresis?Answers:1.A solenoid is a coil of wire that is used to create amagnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.2.The Lorentz force law states that a charged particle that ismoving through a magnetic field experiences a force that isperpendicular to both the direction of motion and the direction of the magnetic field.3.Magnetic hysteresis is the tendency of a magnetic materialto remn magnetized even after the external magnetic field isremoved.ConclusionIn conclusion, electrical engineering is a fascinating field that involves the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It is used in many common applications, such as power generation, transportation systems, and communication systems. To besuccessful in this field, it is important to have a good understanding of circuit analysis, electromagnetism, and other key concepts. These exercises should help to reinforce your understanding of the material and prepare you for future challenges in this field.。
电子信息工程专业英语教程课后练习题含答案
电子信息工程专业英语教程课后练习题含答案第一部分：综合练习阅读下面短文，完成题目Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are popular for use in displays because they can be made flexible, thin, and lighter in weight than traditional displays. OLEDs are also more environmentally friendly as they do not require a backlight, which increases their energy efficiency.1. What are the advantages of using OLEDs over traditional displays?Answer:The advantages of using OLEDs over traditional displays include that they can be made flexible, thin, and lighter in weight, and they are more environmentally friendly.2. Why are OLEDs more environmentally friendly than traditional displays?Answer:OLEDs are more environmentally friendly than traditional displays because they do not require a backlight, which increases their energy efficiency.完成下面句子，使其意思与原文相同1. The growth of social media platforms has led to an increase in cyberbullying.Answer:An increase in cyberbullying has been caused by the growth of social media platforms.2. The researchers found that there was a significant difference between the two groups.Answer:A significant difference between the two groups was found by the researchers.第二部分：专业术语练习选择最恰当的词汇，完成下面句子1. _______ is a circuit that can perform a single operation.A. DecoderB. EncoderC. Flip-flopD. GateAnswer:D. GateExplanation:A gate is a circuit that performs a single operation, such as AND, OR, or NOT.2. _______ refers to the process of converting an analog signal into digital form.A. SynthesisB. ModulationC. SamplingD. QuantizationAnswer:C. SamplingExplanation:Sampling refers to the process of converting an analog signal into digital form, where the value of the signal is sampled at regular intervals.根据定义给出对应术语1. The study of electronic devices and circuits.Answer:Electronics2. A device that supports the transfer of data between different networks.Answer:Gateway第三部分：阅读理解请阅读下面短文，并根据所提出的问题选择正确的答案。
专业英语课后习题答案
专业英语课后习题答案专业英语课后习题答案【篇一：专业英语课后答案】what are the three basic questions of corporate finance?a. investment decision (capital budgeting): what long-term investment strategy should a firm adopt?b.financing decision (capital structure): how much cash must be raised for therequired investments?c. short-term finance decision (working capital): how much short-term cashflow does company need to pay its bills.list three reasons why value creation is difficult.value creation is difficult because it is not easy to observe cash flows directly. the reasons are:a. cash flows are sometimes difficult to identify.b. the timing of cash flows is difficult to determine.c. cash flows are uncertain and therefore risky.concept questions - chapter 2what is the balance-sheet equation?assets = liabilities + stockholders equitywhat three things should be kept in mind when looking at a balance sheet? accounting liquidity, debt vs. equity, and value vs. cost.what is the income statement equation?revenue - expenses = incomewhat are the three things to keep in mind when looking at an income statement? generally accepted accounting principles (gaap), noncash items, and time and costs.what are noncash expenses?noncash expenses are items included as expenses but which do not directly affect cash flow. the most important one is depreciation.what is net working capital?it is the difference between current assets and current liabilities.what is the change in net working capital?to determine changes in net working capital you subtract uses of net working capital from sources of net working capital.how is cash flow different from changes in net working capital?the difference between cash flow and changes in new working capital is that some transactions affect cash flow and not net working capital. the acquisition of inventories with cash is a good example of a change in working capitalrequirements.what is the difference between operating cash flow and total cash flow of theanswers to concept questionsa-1firm?the main difference between the two is capital spending and additions toworking capital, that is, investment in fixed assets and investment in working capital.concept questions - chapter 3define future value and present value.future value is the value of a sum after investing over one or more periods. present value is the value today of cash flows to be received in the future.how does one use net present value when making an investment decision? one determines the present value of future cash flows and then subtracts the cost of the investment. if this value is positive, the investment should be undertaken. if the npv is negative, then the investment should be rejected. ? what is the formula for the net present value of a project?tnpv = -c0 + ?ct /(1+i)tt=1what is the relationship between the stated annual interest rate and the effective annual interest rate?effective annual interest rate = (1 + (r/m) )m - 1.define continuous compounding.continuous compounding compounds investments every instant.what are the formulas for perpetuity, growing-perpetuity, annuity, andgrowing annuity?perpetuity: pv = c/rgrowing perpetuity: pv = c/(r-g)annuity: pv = (c/r) [1-1/(1+r)t]growing annuity: pv = [c/(r-g)] [1-((1+g) / (1+r))t ]what are three important points concerning the growing perpetuity formula?1. the numerator.2. the interest rate and the growth rate.3. the timing assumption.concept questions – chapter 4define pure discount bonds, level-coupon bonds, and consols.a pure discount bond is one that makes no interveninginterest payments. one receives a single lump sum payment at maturity. a level-coupon bond is acombination of an annuity and a lump sum at maturity. a consol is a bond that makes interest payments forever.a- answers to concept questions 2contrast the state interest rate and the effective annual interest rate for bondspaying semi-annual interest.effective annual interest rate on a bond takes into account two periods ofcompounding per year received on the coupon payments. the state rate does not take this into account.what is the relationship between interest rates and bond prices?there is an inverse relationship. when one goes up, the other goes down.how does one calculate the yield to maturity on a bond? flows with the price of the bond.how to calculate the value of a stock with a dividend-growth (1)zerogrowth;(2)constant growth (3)differential(1)p=div/r (2)p=div/r-g (3)p=(div t+1 /r-g )/ (1+r))twhat are the three factors determining a firms p/e ratio?1. todays expectations of future growth opportunities.2. the discount rte.3. the accounting method.how dose one estimate the dividend growth rate g?concept questions - appendix to chapter 5what is the pie model of capital structure?it is a model in which the value of the firm is pictured as a piecut into debt and equity slices.why should financial managers choose the capital structure that maximizes thevalue of the firm.because this capital structure also maximizes the value of equity. ? calculate the eps of an unlevered company and a levered company.describe financial leverage.it is the extent to which a company relies on debt in its capital structure.what is levered equity?the equity of a firm that has debt in its capital structure.why does the expected return on equity risk with firm leverage?because increasing leverage raises the risk of equity.what is the exact relationship between the expected return on equity and firmanswers to concept questionsa-3leverage?rs = ro + (ro – rb) (b/s)how are market-value balance sheets set up?they are set up the same way as accounting balance sheets with assets on the left side and liabilities on the right side. however, instead of valuing assets in terms of historical values, market values are used.what is the quirk in the tax code making a levered firm more valuable than anotherwise-identical unlevered firm?interest payments are tax deductible and dividend paymentsare not.what is mm proposition under corporate taxes?vl = vu + tcbwhat mm proposition ii under corporate taxes?rs = p + (b/s)(1-tc)(p-rb)concept questions - chapter 6what is a merger? how does a merger differ from otherforms of acquisition?a merger is the absorption of one firm by another, where the acquiring firm retains its identity and the acquired firm ceases to exist. it differs from other forms of acquisition in that no new firm is created, and there is no need of buying the individual assets of the acquired firm or its stock.what is a takeover?it is the transference of control of a firm from one group of shareholders to another by means of a majority vote of the board of directors.explain the source of synergy from acquisitions.(1)revenue enhancement (2)cost reduction (3)lower taxes (4)lower cost of capital.? what are the advantages and disadvantages to using a merger to acquire a firm?(1)advantages :a merger is legally straightforward and does not cost as much as other forms of acquisition .it avoids the necessity of transferring title of each individual asset of the acquired firm to the acquiring firm.(2)disadvantages :a merger must be approved by a vote of the stockholders of each firm .typically ,votes of the owners of two-thirds of the shares are required for approval .in addition ,shareholders of the acquired firm have appraisalrights .this means that they can demand that their shares bepurchased at a fair value by the acquiring firm .often the acquiring firm and the dissentingshareholders of the acquired firm cannot agree on a fair value ,which results in expensive legal proceedings.a- answers to concept questions 4【篇二：专业英语课后答案】> exe. 1exclusive, selective, intensivemerchant wholesalers, manufactures’ sales branches, agents and brokerspremiums, sweepstakes, point-of-purchase displaysprospecting, approaching, objection handling, closing of sale source credibility, timing flexibility, lifespanexe. 2目录展示零售店促销组合干扰度质优价廉零售店潜意识广告代理商和经纪人总经销，独家代理市场覆盖密度接近客户随机展示商品方式wholesalersdistribution channelsgovernment buyersinstitutional advertisingsweepstakessales volumepass-along ratemarketing institutionsintensive distributionretail outletsexe. 3agents work on commissions based on their sales volume, and they have almost no say about delivery dates, prices, and other sales policies of the company they represent.the stimulation of consumer for goods or services by advertising, publicity, personal selling, and so on is promotion. public relations is any communication or activity intended primarily to obtain goodwill or prestige for a company through publicity.the cost of advertising media varies greatly due to different market coverage, with tv the most expensive, while the cost of advertising on radio or newspaper is much cheaper.the sales volume and profitability of a product will change with the elapse of time.exe. 4广告是指由知名人士有偿向公众展示某种商品、服务或者创意的行为。
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Unit 7 P56I、Translate the following words into Chinese1、Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土2、Rolled-steel轧制钢3、Weldability可焊性4、Aggregate骨料5、Mortar砂浆6、Deformation变形II、Translate the following words into English1、冲击荷载shock loading2、软钢，低碳钢mild steel/low carbon steel3、冷拉hard drawn4、黏土砖clay brick5、收缩shrinkageIII、Translate the following sentence into Chinese1、The modern civil engineer needs to deal with a variety of materials that are oftenintegrated in the same structure , such as steel and concrete , or are used separatelyfor construction projects , such as pavement form asphalt and Portland cementconcrete.现代土木工程师需要处理大量建筑材料。
有时多种材料使用在同一结构中，如钢筋和混凝土；有时建筑材料被分别使用在单独的建筑项目中，例如沥青路面和硅酸盐水泥混凝土。
2、The useful engineering properties of both unalloyed and allyed aluminum are lowspecific gravity , resistance to corrosion , high electrical conductivity and excellentforming properties.铝和铝合金的有用的工程特性都是低比重，耐腐蚀，导电性能高和成型性能好。
3、Concrete is a man-made composite the major constituent of which is naturalaggregate (such as gravel and sand) and binding medium (such as cement paste ,bitumen and polymers).4、混凝土是一种主要成分为天然骨料（例如碎石和砂）和粘结介质（例如水泥、沥青和聚合物）的人工复合材料5、Reinforcing techniques have been developed in recent years to extend the structurepossibilities of masonry, especially improved its resistance to earthquakes.加固技术是近年来发展起来的技术。
它扩展了砌体结构的样式，尤其是提高了其抗震性。
Uint 18 P153I、Translate the following words into Chinese1、medium-span bridge中跨径桥2、arch rib拱肋3、cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥4、peer review同行审查5、masonry arch砖砌拱II、Translate the following words into English1、拱肋arch rib2、悬索桥suspension bridge3、系杆拱桥tied-arch bridge4、大跨度桥long span bridge5、下承式拱桥through arched bridge6、（斜拉桥的）背锁backstays7、桥面板bridge deckIII、Translate the following sentences into Chinese1、Arched and truss-arched bridges are included in this classification. Examples are themasonry arch , the concrete arch , the steel truss-arch , the steel deck truss , therigid frame , and the inclined leg frame bridges.拱桥和桁架拱桥都包括在这个分类中。
具体地有砖砌拱，混凝土拱，钢桁架拱，钢板拱桥，刚架，和斜墩框架桥。
2、Suspension bridges are constructed with two main cables from which the deck ,usually a stiffened truss , is hung by secondary cables.悬索桥主要由两条主索组成。
一般由加强桁架制成的桥面板通过副索挂在主索上。
3、It is the best alternative for spans over 2000 ft(600m),and it is generally regarded ascompetitive for spans down to 1000ft(300m) . However , even shorter spans havebeen built , including some very attractive pedestrian bridges.对于跨来说超过2000英尺（600米）的桥来说，（悬索桥）是最好的选择，不过当跨度小到1000英尺的时候，（这种形式）仍然具有竞争力。
然而，有更小的跨度的悬索桥已经被建造，包括一些非常好看的天桥。
I、Translate the following words into Chinese1、underlying soil地下土层2、heterogeneous nature异质性3、the site-specific geotechnical information详细的地层信息4、field exploration program现场勘查5、soil improvement methods地基加固方法II、Translate the following words into English1、地质历史geological history2、沉井open caisson3、扩展基础spread footing4、地基加固soil improvement5、筏型基础raft fundationIII、Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. The term superstructure is commonly used to describe the engineered part of the system bringing load to the foundation, or substructure.上层建筑一般被描述为传递荷载给基础或底部结构的工程部分。
2. For these reasons it is better to describe a foundation as that part of the engineering system that interfaces the load-carrying components to the ground.出于这些原因，基础作为工程的一部分，连接了承力构件与大地。
3. Because of the heterogeneous nature of soil and rock masses . two foundations—even on adjacent construction sites—will seldom be the same except by coincidence.由于土壤和岩石堆的异质性，很少会有两个一样的基础，哪怕是毗邻的，除了巧合。
4. Geotechnical considerations will primarily be on strength and deformation and those soil water phenomena that affect strength and deformation.岩土工程主要关心泥土的强度、变形以及会影响强度和变形的土壤中水分的信息。
5. The terms drilling pier and drilled caisson are for the pile type member that is constructed by drilling + m diameter hole in the soil, adding reinforced as necessary , and backfilling the cavity with concrete钻孔灌注桩和钻孔沉箱是指在直径大于米孔中浇筑混凝土，或者钢筋混凝土。
I、Translate the following words into Chinese1、construction operations施工作业2、on schedule在日程上3、construction plans and specifications建设计划和详述4、partial or complete fabrication by a supplier由供应商部分组装或完全装装5、temporary construction facilities临时的建设设施6、proper balance of water and cement合适的水灰比II、Translate the following words into English1、商品混凝土搅拌厂commercial batch plants2、材料的采购material’s procurement3、建筑物周边building surroundingsIII、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.1、It is more economical to assemble of the structure at a fabrication shop rather thanin the field , but the size of preassembled units is limited by the capacity oftransportation and erection equipment.在制造厂装配结构比在现场装配结构段更经济，但装配构建的单元尺寸受运输能力和安装设备的影响。