研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案

(仅供参考)
第一课
I. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.
1. 因为英语是个杀手。

正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。

这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。

然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。

所有的人或几乎所有的人
都懂英语。

英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语一一爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。

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2. He also associatedsuch policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.
2•同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视( 与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似) 的偏见密切相关。

在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，主要的机构和个人(有意或无意地)鼓励或者至少是容忍了(肯定没有反对)英
语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。

3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly (very) safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat
3•总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。

在谈到与之相关
的文化及
其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为
这些语言现
在已不会构成什么大的威胁。

4. Yet many people see (consider/ regard) English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessedby any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex (network), and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus (organization).
4•然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。

在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。

5. Enlish-speaking South African s of British descent were not particularly strong in
opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
5•讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织o
6.Such symbolismsuggests(shows) that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
6•这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处，同时尽能避免招来灾难o
第二课
1. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love of the most creative periods of my life.
1. 苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。

我被炒了鱿鱼，
但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。

2. The heavinessof being successfuwas replaced by the lightnessof being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
2. 因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。

这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。

3. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don ' t lose faith.
3•良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。

有时，生活会像一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但不要失去信心。

4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
4•我知道，“记住你即将死去”是避免掉进患得患失陷阱的最佳办法。

你已经什么都没有了，你根本没有任何理由不去听从自己的心声。

5. Your time is limited, so don' twaste it living someoneelse ' lfe. Don tbe trapped by dogma —which is living with the results of other people ' s thinking. Don t let the noise of others 'dropinionlsyour own inner voice.
5•你们的时间很有限，所以不要将它浪费在重复其他人的生活上。

不要被教条所束缚，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。

不要让他人喧嚣的观点淹没了你的心声。

第六课
1. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive
psychology would use to describethe job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. "Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present," he writes in his book Good Business. "Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible."
1. 米哈里•奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。

他发明了“强感受”(flow)
这个说法，信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。

在
《称心如意的工作》一书中他写道：“只要存在强感受因素，任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。

根据这一观点，从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。

”2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而
来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度产生多大影啊，这表明工人在工作
中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。

3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleaguesfor a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. "I am a misfit in that department," she says. "No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it."
3. 41岁的马丁娜•蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理，虽然工作压力大，但她和同事相处都很好;6年前她换了工作，到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。

如今她时间多了，自由度也大了，但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑，也得不到老板的赏识。

她说：“我不适应这个部门。

不管你个人生活多惬意，如果工作单位氛围不好，个人生活就会大受影响。

”
4. In fact, engagementat work is less a function of your personality than is happinessin general. Harter estimatesthat individual disposition accountsfor only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customer事实上,
对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然，不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。

哈特认为，对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异，员工的个性只起30%的作用，其他的取决于员工每天与同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。

5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as "outside their domain and kind of fringe-ish” , says Thomas Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno. 5 内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯•赖特说，直到不久前，企业家们还不愿考虑员工是
否工作心情舒畅的问题，认为这“不属于他们关心的范围，和他们的职责范围相
6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity.
6. 但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。

现在看来，用更广泛的衡量
标准来评估快乐感受，能更有效地预测生产率。

7. But at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transcend it all. It can happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.
但通过关心员工的需求，至少企业可能发展得更好。

那样，我们更多的人就会在工作中找到一定程度的满足感。

而且偶尔我们可能还希望获得最大程度的满足。

这种情况可能发生在篮球场上喧闹欢呼的人群前，也可能发生在教室里，在
仅仅一个充满感激的学生面前。

第七课
1. Big surprise, I thought ,tossing the balled-up clipping over my shouldTihat' s up there with “ moneyeases stress" , “ liars make good writers ” and philanderers make even better liars” . (line 3, para.1)
1. 我认为这个结论太让人吃惊了，然后就把报告团成一团扔在脑后了。

以前还
有人说：”金钱可以缓解紧张情绪，”说谎的人能成为好作家以及”爱情不专一的男人更会说谎。

“
2^Last year, she sadly got her wish, far too soon, living just over half as long as the womam who bore her .
2. 可是这一天来得太快了。

去年她就不幸实现了自己的愿望。

她去世时的岁数只有外婆的一半多一点儿。

3. His main character, Enid Lambert, suffers from a depressionthat acts as a kind of invisible force field, unconsciouslyrepelling everyone away from her fragile core.Enid complains and sulks, mainipu;ates and cajoles, in order to assuage her fundamental dissatisfaction.
3. 他小说中的主人公艾妮德•兰伯特所患的抑郁症形成了一个看不见的气场，潜意识中她不准任何人接触那颗脆弱的心灵。

艾妮德抱怨、生气、利用别人，并以甜言蜜语来哄骗别人，为的就是缓解自己的不满。

4.She remains intact because her depression protects her from ever truly suffering, the way those around her must. What doesnt kill you ,it seems, moves on to more stubborn quarry.
4•她能完好无损地活下来，就是因为她的抑郁症保护了她不至经受真正的痛苦，而这种痛苦则是她周围的人所必须承受的。

看来击不垮你的东西会成为更棘手的
猎物。

看来，经常的顽固的打击是不会打垮你的。

5. So, hit the snooze, the bottle or the skids Resume bitching, chin down, carry the hatchet, under rug nothing. Life is hard and then yoursigh.Heavily.
5.你可以睡觉，可以酗酒，可以不求进取。

你还可以接着抱怨，可以心情不爽，也可以拿起你的武器来反击，不用躲躲藏藏。

生活是艰难的，那么你可以叹息，
重重地叹息。

第八课
1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the
Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it.
1•每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。

2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works.
2•改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。

通常这种方法很奏效。

3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.
3•结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的
节目。

这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。

4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a songthat it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences,should have different standards concerning language and ideas?
4. 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不
同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？
5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutesfor actual boys until boys' maturation catchesup with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established.
5. —位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。

在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身
第十二课
1. A fulfilling (successful) marriage begins when two people make time together their No.
1 priority. If we hope to find (true) love, we must first find (spare, vt.) time for loving.
1•当两个人把抽时间相聚当成第一要事的时候，一个美满的婚姻就开始了。

如果我们希望找到爱，首先我们必须找到时间去爱。

2. Unfortunately ‘current psychologyrests on the model of the independent ego.To make
a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness.We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called"self-actualization to Us-actualizatior”.We have to learn to put time where love is.
2•令人遗憾的是，当代心理学都依靠独立的自我模式。

要使婚姻持久，我们就必须克自我为中心。

我们必须超越亚伯拉罕•马斯洛声称的“自我实现”，做到“共同实现”。

我们要学会把时间放在爱上。

3. How we see our partners often depends more on how we are than how they are. Husbands and wives are not audience, butparticipant observers in each other's lives. 3•我们如何看待对方通常更多地取决我们是谁而不是他们是谁。

丈夫和妻子不是观众，而是和彼此的生活相关的观察者。

4. This argument illustrates (show) how some people spend their marriages struggling to change a spouse's mind. People in lasting-love marriages begin with the premise that there are many realities. They learn to accept different points of view.
4. 这一争吵表明一些人如何把婚姻耗费在努力改变对方的想法上的。

持久爱情婚姻中的夫妻做事始于这样的前提：生活中有很多现实情况，他们学会了接受不同的观点。

5. As one husband told me, "The old saying was look out for No. 1. But we've learned to look out for No. 2. If you fight for yourself, only you can win. When you fight for your marriage, you both win."
5. 正如一位丈夫告诉我的：俗话说，先替自己着想，但是我们都学会了先替对方着想。

如果你为自己而奋斗，成功的仅仅是你自己。

当你为自己的婚姻而奋斗时，你们就会双赢。

6. There is a powerful healing energy that emanates from loving. Lasting love can learn to sense(feel) it, send (give) it and make it grow. We are energized (motivated) by love if we put our energy into loving.
6. 源于爱的治愈力是无穷的。

持久的爱懂得如何感悟爱、给予爱并使之茁壮成长。

如果我们给爱注入能量，我们就能从中汲取能量。

7. Marriage is designed (intended) primarily for giving rather than taking. It is meant (intended) to be a permanent union of two unselfish people.
7. 婚姻的本质是给予而不是索取。

它应该是两个无私人的之间的永久结合。

六、
B. 1. on paper 4. within the framework 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 3.throw up 4.stamina 7.assuage 8.buried
ACBDC
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. D 10. D B. 1. gaze at 2. break f ree 3. spring from 4. verdict 5. perspective 6. marital 7. rests on 8. permanent 9. ego 10. fulfilli
A.
1.B 9.A B. 1. for
2.A 10.C
3.D
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.B good or ill 2. laid at the door of 3. endanger 4. descent
5. points up leave aside 9. crystal clear
6. taking in 10.die out
7. by and large
8. A.
1. C A B. 1. roll on 6. fell out
7. dawned on 2. D 9. B 3. A 10. D 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. 2. lived through 8. buttoned up 3. figure out 4. signing off 5. let down
9. screwed …up
10. in a row A. 8. D 1. A 9. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 10. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
A. 1.B 2.B 3.B
4.A 9.A 10.D
B. 1.tunes out 2.ball up
5.cajoled
6.wind up
9.embark on 10.props up
八\CBDAB 十二、 A. 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 7. it turned out 2. once in a while 5. take heart 8. make sense 9. in control of 10. traded … for
七、 3. variables
6. takes away from。