阀门选型
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see testing proceedureT99
Neles seat leakage testing T99
Table 2 Seat test pressures according to ANSI standard valves, barg (water). Values in brackets do not fulfill JIS standard requirements! Pressure class or flange Valve type and size ANSI drilling, 150 PN 300 10 16 25 40 L1C, L2C, L4C, L6C, L1A, L12A DN 80 - 150, NPS 3" - 6" 25 11 18 28 Valves with hand lever (10) (10) (10) (10) L1C, L2C, L4C, L6C DN >=200, NPS >=8" L12A, L1A DN 200, NPS 8" L12A, L1A DN >200, NPS >8" L1D, L2D, L4D, L6D DN 80 - 900, NPS 3" - 36" L9C, L90 weld end
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Size
口径
Material Shut off
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Valve Size 阀门大小
• • •
手动阀和自动开关阀的口径一般与管道相同. 用户通常希望阀门对流体的影响尽量小,所以他们通常要求 全通径阀门(full bore). 调节阀需要根据实际工况计算口径. 在少数情况下,它们与管 道口径相同.一般它们要比管道小一档,绝对不能大于管道口 径. Nelprof™ is the tool to use for “sizing”.
Rating - Pressure / Temperature curves
Rating - Pressure / temperature tables
ASME B16.5
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
BS 4504
Please see Adobe.PDF files on your CD for better copies.
ANSI/FCI 70.2 Cl IV water (ml/min) 318 576 1058 1600 3252 5204 7806 11234 12636 18702 23308
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating Size Material Shut off
• •
•
没有绝对不漏的阀, 只是因为检测方法没有检测到泄漏. 有很多种阀座泄漏标准,它们都明确了检测方法和允许的泄 漏量.
Neles own - ANSI B 16.34 - ANSI/FCI 70.2 - ISO 5208 - BS6755 - DIN 3230 etc.
•
用户经常要求无泄漏,零泄漏, 严密关断. 最好的方法是向用 户承诺:阀座泄漏等级满足 ANSI/FCI or ISO 5208 rate 等等 . 一个典型的例子是: 一台 150mm ,阀座泄漏为 FCI class IV 标准 的阀门,在介质为 24 bar的水时,阀座泄漏量为 9 l/min (1 3/4 gallon / min) 一台 150mm 的Neldisc 蝶阀,如果其泄漏量超过 2.7 ml/min (1/2 teaspoon) 1/3333 the amount! ,它就不能达标.
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating Size
Material
材料
Shut off
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Materials of construction - pressure retaining parts
57/
11 44 -
(40) 22 -
-
-
Neles seat leakage testing T99
8 ALLOWABLE LEAKAGE RATES Table 5 The allowable leakage acc. to ISO 5208, Rate A and Rate D, 3 X D and 10 X D, and for non tight valves ANSI/FCI 70.2 Class IV, 3 bar
• • • • •
这种能力依赖于承压部件的厚度和材料强度. 对于具体的材料,这种能力极限用温度/压力图表或曲线来表 示. 压力等级表示如下: ANSI class150,300,400,600,900,1500,2500. DIN & JIS PN 10, PN16, PN25 ,PN40, PN64, PN100
• •
阀门材料一般与管道相同. 当然,这并没有考虑阀门与管道不同的功能. 管道只需承压, 没有其它功能,而阀门必须包容流体,阀门内件还得在流体中 运动,形成某种对流体的限制 或关闭. 轻微的腐蚀性对管道 影响很小, 却能对阀门的正常工作产生巨大的影响.
•
塑料有时用于腐蚀性流体. 阀门有些部件之间要挤压,摩擦, 由于塑料强度不够大,所以不能用塑料做成这样的阀门.
Valve Selection Process
Application Type
应用类型
Rating Size Material
压力等级
口径
材料
关断性能
Shut off
Fire Safety Connections
Actuation
防火
连接方式 执行机构
应用类型
• • • •
手动阀门 自动开关阀 调节阀 其它
Fire Safety
防火
Connections
Actuation
Remember: Most valves do not need to be “Fire Safe”
Fire Safety - Fire Tested
Fire Safety is the term used to describe a valves ability to withstand the effects of a fire acting on its outside surfaces. The basic idea being that in the event of a fire a “Fire Tested” valve will not add to the intensity of the fire or its dangers by leaking its flammable or dangerous contents. There are a number of very different tests applied to valves to qualify them to be described as fire tested/safe: Some only require that the test valve is burned for a short time while it is full of water and that it doesn’t leak more than a certain amount to atmosphere. There are rubber lined butterfly valves that pass this test (Lloyds register). Others require that the test valve is burnt for long enough to ensure that any soft materials are completely destroyed, that it remains operable and retain some ability to shut off flow, with higher than usual seat leakage but little or no external leakage. This was the most common fire safe test based on the old BS5146. (based on the old OCMA Oil Companies Materials Association, FSV1 test) The current most recognised tests: BS6755 part 2 (Europe(France – ELF)) and API 607 edition 4 (USA) which require that the valve is burned in the closed position full of water for a considerable time. The water turning to superheated steam and at high pressure in any cavities. Any external leakage is very restricted during the burning. After cooling the valve is operated a number of times and then tested for seat leakage.
Materials of construction - internal parts and coatings
• • • • •
内件有时要与流体匹配. 这些是影响阀门功能的重要部件. 这些部件通常比较小,但有较大的表面. 这些表面需要较高的 硬度,还要能与其它部件平滑摩擦. 这样就需要用到表面涂层,表面涂层往往很薄(表面涂层越薄, 效果越好) 阀杆是应力最集中的部件,它要将执行机构的力传递给关断 部件 ,它需要在阀盖处形成密封, 它必须足够硬而不扭曲.
Valve Selection Process Application Type
Rating
压力等级
Size Material Shut off
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Rating 压力等级
•
描述阀门(或管道系统)抵抗内部流体由于温度和压力引起的 力的能力.
weld end (* JIS 10K 16K 20 K
16 (28) (28) (10) (10) (10) 16 (22) (22) 16 (22) (22) (11) (11) (11) 30 38 -
22 22 (11) 25 (**
-
11 11 11 -
18 18
(22) (22)
(11) (11) 18 28
Application Type
• •
手动阀 - 操作机构类型 – 手柄, 齿轮箱 或其它 自动开关阀 - 执行机构类型 – 气动单作用或双作用, 电动或其它. • 调节阀 -执行机构类型 – 气动单作用或双作用, 电动或其它. - 定位器类型 – 智能型, 电动或气动 • 其它 - 安全阀,自力式阀,止回阀,蒸汽疏水阀,取样阀,等等.
3xD 10 x D water air water air ml/min ml/min Nml/min Nml/min 1.44 430 4.8 1.80 540 1400 2.25 680 6.0 2.70 810 1800 3.60 1080 7.5 4.50 1350 2300 9.0 5.40 1620 2700 6.30 1890 12.0 7.20 2160 3600 8.10 2430 15.0 9.00 2700 4500
Valve size DN NPS 80 03 100 04 125 05 150 06 200 08 250 10 300 350 400 450 500 12 14 16 18 20
Rate A water, air 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rate D water air ml/min Nml/min 0.48 144 0.60 180 0.75 225 0.9 270 1.2 360 1.5 450 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 540 630 720 810 900
• •
轴承是需要引起特别注意的. 陶瓷很适合耐磨场合, 但需要免受冲击负载.
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating Size Material
Shut off
阀座关断性能
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Shut off - needs a seal and a force
阀门选型方法
本课程教你:
• • • • • • • •
阀门选型方法. 如何正确地提问.
为什么要这样问,如何解释. 当缺乏信息时,如何做合理的猜测. 根据已有的信息和参数,如何选择技术和经济上合理的阀门. 如何认识不同阀门之间的主要区别 如何区别一种阀门与其它的阀门. 在客户面前如何支持,解释你的选择.
Neles seat leakage testing T99
Table 2 Seat test pressures according to ANSI standard valves, barg (water). Values in brackets do not fulfill JIS standard requirements! Pressure class or flange Valve type and size ANSI drilling, 150 PN 300 10 16 25 40 L1C, L2C, L4C, L6C, L1A, L12A DN 80 - 150, NPS 3" - 6" 25 11 18 28 Valves with hand lever (10) (10) (10) (10) L1C, L2C, L4C, L6C DN >=200, NPS >=8" L12A, L1A DN 200, NPS 8" L12A, L1A DN >200, NPS >8" L1D, L2D, L4D, L6D DN 80 - 900, NPS 3" - 36" L9C, L90 weld end
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Size
口径
Material Shut off
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Valve Size 阀门大小
• • •
手动阀和自动开关阀的口径一般与管道相同. 用户通常希望阀门对流体的影响尽量小,所以他们通常要求 全通径阀门(full bore). 调节阀需要根据实际工况计算口径. 在少数情况下,它们与管 道口径相同.一般它们要比管道小一档,绝对不能大于管道口 径. Nelprof™ is the tool to use for “sizing”.
Rating - Pressure / Temperature curves
Rating - Pressure / temperature tables
ASME B16.5
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
BS 4504
Please see Adobe.PDF files on your CD for better copies.
ANSI/FCI 70.2 Cl IV water (ml/min) 318 576 1058 1600 3252 5204 7806 11234 12636 18702 23308
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating Size Material Shut off
• •
•
没有绝对不漏的阀, 只是因为检测方法没有检测到泄漏. 有很多种阀座泄漏标准,它们都明确了检测方法和允许的泄 漏量.
Neles own - ANSI B 16.34 - ANSI/FCI 70.2 - ISO 5208 - BS6755 - DIN 3230 etc.
•
用户经常要求无泄漏,零泄漏, 严密关断. 最好的方法是向用 户承诺:阀座泄漏等级满足 ANSI/FCI or ISO 5208 rate 等等 . 一个典型的例子是: 一台 150mm ,阀座泄漏为 FCI class IV 标准 的阀门,在介质为 24 bar的水时,阀座泄漏量为 9 l/min (1 3/4 gallon / min) 一台 150mm 的Neldisc 蝶阀,如果其泄漏量超过 2.7 ml/min (1/2 teaspoon) 1/3333 the amount! ,它就不能达标.
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating Size
Material
材料
Shut off
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Materials of construction - pressure retaining parts
57/
11 44 -
(40) 22 -
-
-
Neles seat leakage testing T99
8 ALLOWABLE LEAKAGE RATES Table 5 The allowable leakage acc. to ISO 5208, Rate A and Rate D, 3 X D and 10 X D, and for non tight valves ANSI/FCI 70.2 Class IV, 3 bar
• • • • •
这种能力依赖于承压部件的厚度和材料强度. 对于具体的材料,这种能力极限用温度/压力图表或曲线来表 示. 压力等级表示如下: ANSI class150,300,400,600,900,1500,2500. DIN & JIS PN 10, PN16, PN25 ,PN40, PN64, PN100
• •
阀门材料一般与管道相同. 当然,这并没有考虑阀门与管道不同的功能. 管道只需承压, 没有其它功能,而阀门必须包容流体,阀门内件还得在流体中 运动,形成某种对流体的限制 或关闭. 轻微的腐蚀性对管道 影响很小, 却能对阀门的正常工作产生巨大的影响.
•
塑料有时用于腐蚀性流体. 阀门有些部件之间要挤压,摩擦, 由于塑料强度不够大,所以不能用塑料做成这样的阀门.
Valve Selection Process
Application Type
应用类型
Rating Size Material
压力等级
口径
材料
关断性能
Shut off
Fire Safety Connections
Actuation
防火
连接方式 执行机构
应用类型
• • • •
手动阀门 自动开关阀 调节阀 其它
Fire Safety
防火
Connections
Actuation
Remember: Most valves do not need to be “Fire Safe”
Fire Safety - Fire Tested
Fire Safety is the term used to describe a valves ability to withstand the effects of a fire acting on its outside surfaces. The basic idea being that in the event of a fire a “Fire Tested” valve will not add to the intensity of the fire or its dangers by leaking its flammable or dangerous contents. There are a number of very different tests applied to valves to qualify them to be described as fire tested/safe: Some only require that the test valve is burned for a short time while it is full of water and that it doesn’t leak more than a certain amount to atmosphere. There are rubber lined butterfly valves that pass this test (Lloyds register). Others require that the test valve is burnt for long enough to ensure that any soft materials are completely destroyed, that it remains operable and retain some ability to shut off flow, with higher than usual seat leakage but little or no external leakage. This was the most common fire safe test based on the old BS5146. (based on the old OCMA Oil Companies Materials Association, FSV1 test) The current most recognised tests: BS6755 part 2 (Europe(France – ELF)) and API 607 edition 4 (USA) which require that the valve is burned in the closed position full of water for a considerable time. The water turning to superheated steam and at high pressure in any cavities. Any external leakage is very restricted during the burning. After cooling the valve is operated a number of times and then tested for seat leakage.
Materials of construction - internal parts and coatings
• • • • •
内件有时要与流体匹配. 这些是影响阀门功能的重要部件. 这些部件通常比较小,但有较大的表面. 这些表面需要较高的 硬度,还要能与其它部件平滑摩擦. 这样就需要用到表面涂层,表面涂层往往很薄(表面涂层越薄, 效果越好) 阀杆是应力最集中的部件,它要将执行机构的力传递给关断 部件 ,它需要在阀盖处形成密封, 它必须足够硬而不扭曲.
Valve Selection Process Application Type
Rating
压力等级
Size Material Shut off
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Rating 压力等级
•
描述阀门(或管道系统)抵抗内部流体由于温度和压力引起的 力的能力.
weld end (* JIS 10K 16K 20 K
16 (28) (28) (10) (10) (10) 16 (22) (22) 16 (22) (22) (11) (11) (11) 30 38 -
22 22 (11) 25 (**
-
11 11 11 -
18 18
(22) (22)
(11) (11) 18 28
Application Type
• •
手动阀 - 操作机构类型 – 手柄, 齿轮箱 或其它 自动开关阀 - 执行机构类型 – 气动单作用或双作用, 电动或其它. • 调节阀 -执行机构类型 – 气动单作用或双作用, 电动或其它. - 定位器类型 – 智能型, 电动或气动 • 其它 - 安全阀,自力式阀,止回阀,蒸汽疏水阀,取样阀,等等.
3xD 10 x D water air water air ml/min ml/min Nml/min Nml/min 1.44 430 4.8 1.80 540 1400 2.25 680 6.0 2.70 810 1800 3.60 1080 7.5 4.50 1350 2300 9.0 5.40 1620 2700 6.30 1890 12.0 7.20 2160 3600 8.10 2430 15.0 9.00 2700 4500
Valve size DN NPS 80 03 100 04 125 05 150 06 200 08 250 10 300 350 400 450 500 12 14 16 18 20
Rate A water, air 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rate D water air ml/min Nml/min 0.48 144 0.60 180 0.75 225 0.9 270 1.2 360 1.5 450 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 540 630 720 810 900
• •
轴承是需要引起特别注意的. 陶瓷很适合耐磨场合, 但需要免受冲击负载.
Valve Selection Process Application Type Rating Size Material
Shut off
阀座关断性能
Fire Safety
Connections
Actuation
Shut off - needs a seal and a force
阀门选型方法
本课程教你:
• • • • • • • •
阀门选型方法. 如何正确地提问.
为什么要这样问,如何解释. 当缺乏信息时,如何做合理的猜测. 根据已有的信息和参数,如何选择技术和经济上合理的阀门. 如何认识不同阀门之间的主要区别 如何区别一种阀门与其它的阀门. 在客户面前如何支持,解释你的选择.