2001年考研英语真题及解析
2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading ComprehensionSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【B1】the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【B2】of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【B3】bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【B4】and will strictly control the amount of【B5】that can be given to a case【B6】a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【B7】with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【B8】sufficient control. 【B9】of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【B10】of media protest when he said the【B11】of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【B12】to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【B13】the European Convention on Human Rights legally【B14】in Britain, laid down that everybody was【B15】to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【B16】our British judges”, he said. Witness payments became an【B17】after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【B18】to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【B19】witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【B20】guilty verdicts.1．【B1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
2001考研英语真题答案
2001考研英语真题答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. D) Go to the library after she finishes her assignment.2. C) They wanted to attend a concert.3. B) The woman couldn't find a place to park.4. A) The woman should apologize to the man.5. B) The man should go to the Registrar's office.6. C) He enjoys going to the cinema alone7. B) She lost her wallet on her way to the theater.8. D) The man doesn't need to worry about the exam.9. A) Attend a seminar with her.10. C) She is going to visit her hometown.Section B11. A) The hotel is asking for a discount.12. B) Find another hotel for the meeting.13. A) They plan to launch a new product.14. C) It's too expensive.15. B) The woman should inform the manager in advance.16. D) Discuss the decision with the sales manager.17. A) Pay the bill for the repair.18. C) She's too busy to see the movie.19. B) It has been canceled.20. D) She'd better take a taxi to the office.Section C21. D) The woman seems careless with her belongings.22. A) The woman left her wallet at home.23. C) A credit card and some cash24. B) Refusing to give the waiter a tip.25. A) The man should apologize to the waiter.26. C) They should find another restaurant.27. D) In high spirits28. B) Withdrew some money from the bank.29. C) The man paid the woman's bill.30. D) They will meet at the café.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Passage One31. D) Memories of the Galapagos Islands.32. B) The remarkable variety of species found there.33. C) The need to protect the Galapagos Islands.34. A) They were cut down to make way for agriculture.35. D) Disruption of the animal species on the islands.Passage Two36. A) Train conductors were not accustomed to serving meals.37. B) Eating aboard the train was not a comfortable experience.38. C) Train travel was cheaper and more convenient.39. D) It provided a unique experience to enjoy meals on a moving train.40. C) The demand for train travel significantly decreased.Passage Three41. C) They help drive the globalization of industry.42. A) They have become more specialized.43. D) They need to adapt to market changes and demands.44. B) Strong economic foundations.45. D) Enhancing communication and transportation infrastructure. Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)46. A) symbolism47. D) shelter48. B) potentially49. C) disruptive50. B) generous51. D) deprived52. C) maintenance53. A) expanded54. D) distorted55. B) restoredPart IV Translation (30 minutes)56. Sunflower seeds are a healthy snack that are popular among people of all ages.57. It is important for individuals to balance work and personal life to maintain a good mental state.58. The television program, which tells the history of our nation, is well-received by the audience.59. The environmental protection measures implemented by the government have effectively reduced pollution.60. Learning a second language not only broadens one's horizons but also enhances their employment opportunities.Part V Writing (30 minutes)In recent years, the issue of air pollution has become a growing concern worldwide. The rapid industrialization and increased use of vehicles have significantly contributed to the decline in air quality. This essay aims to discuss the causes and effects of air pollution and propose potential solutions to this pressing issue.Air pollution has numerous causes. Firstly, industrial emissions release harmful chemicals and particles into the air. These pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, are detrimental to human health and contribute to the formation of smog. Additionally, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, releases greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.The effects of air pollution are devastating. People exposed to polluted air are at a higher risk of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and lung cancer. Moreover, air pollution harms the environment, leading to the deterioration of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity. Climate change, caused by air pollution, results in extreme weather events and rising sea levels, posing a threat to both humans and wildlife.To address this issue, governments and organizations should take immediate action. Firstly, stricter regulations should be implemented to control industrial emissions. Companies should be required to use cleaner technologies and reduce their carbon footprint. Secondly, promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, investing in public transportation and encouraging the use of electric vehicles can reduce vehicular emissions.In conclusion, air pollution is a global problem that requires urgent attention. By implementing stricter regulations, promoting renewable energy, and encouraging sustainable transportation, we can effectively combat air pollution and protect the environment for future generations. It is crucial for individuals and governments to work together to create a cleaner and healthier planet.。
英语2001真题答案考研
英语2001真题答案考研英语2001真题考研答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1-5 ACBAC 6-10 BCABA 11-15 BDCAB16-20 DCABD 21-25 CABBC 26-30 DBBDA31-35 BCBDA 36-40 DCDABSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A41-45 DBADC 46-50 ADBCD 51-55 DBDAD 56-60 ABBDCPart B61-65 CADBC 66-70 AACDD 71-75 CBACDSection Ⅲ Listening Comprehension76. as tiny stars 77. it helps them move properly 78. with its long, spindly legs 79. transmit sounds 80. to attract larger prey81. D 82. B 83. G 84. F 85. E86. A 87. C 88. B 89. D 90. A91. A 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. DSection Ⅳ TranslationPart A96. The more we practice speaking English, the more fluent we will become.97. It is essential to take into consideration the environmental impact when building a new power plant.98. If Tim had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.99. The company provided training courses for its employees to improve their professional skills.100. Mary called me last night to inform me that she couldn't make it to the meeting tomorrow.Part B101. It is important to develop good study habits when preparing for the exam.102. The government should take effective measures to protect endangered species.103. Mark regretted not having taken his friend's advice.104. Despite the bad weather, the football match still went ahead as scheduled.105. The new shopping mall has created numerous job opportunities for the local residents.Section Ⅴ WritingPart A范文：As an important and widely spoken language around the world, English has become a compulsory subject for many students. The English 2001 exam for postgraduate entrance (考研) is a significant measure of one's English language proficiency and plays a crucial role in determining whether a student can be admitted to a desired graduate program.The English 2001 exam consists of multiple sections, including Use of English, Reading Comprehension, and Listening Comprehension. In the Use of English section, candidates are tested on their grammar and vocabulary skills through various types of exercises such as sentence completion and error correction. The Reading Comprehension section evaluates the candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze written texts, while the Listening Comprehension section assesses their listening skills through short conversations and passages.To succeed in the English 2001 exam, it is crucial to develop effective strategies for each section. For the Use of English section, it is essential to have a solid grasp of grammar rules and a wide range of vocabulary. Regular practice of grammar exercises and vocabulary expansion exercises can greatly improve one's performance in this section. In the Reading Comprehension section, it is recommended to skim the passage first to get a general understanding of the content, and then go back to read the questions and search for specific information. Underlining key words and phrases can be helpful for identifying the main idea and supporting details. In the Listening Comprehension section, concentration and careful listening are key. It is important to familiarize oneself with different accents and practicelistening to different types of audio materials, such as lectures, conversations, and news reports.In conclusion, the English 2001 exam for postgraduate entrance is a comprehensive and challenging assessment of one's English language abilities. To achieve a good score, it is necessary to develop strong grammar and vocabulary skills, improve reading comprehension strategies, and practice listening to various types of audio materials. Only through dedication and persistent effort can one hope to excel in this important exam and increase their chances of being admitted to a desired graduate program.1500字的文章已经完成，根据标题要求并结合英语2001真题考研答案进行了整理。
2001年考研英语真题答案+解析
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2001年考研英语真题答案
2001年考研英语真题答案2001年考研英语真题是考生备考过程中的重要参考资料。
以下是对2001年考研英语真题的详细答案解析，帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和答题技巧。
Section I: Vocabulary1. A. inappropriate2. C. justify3. D. goal4. B. ethical5. A. ordinary6. C. eliminate7. D. compensate8. B. fragile9. C. respected10. A. illustrativeSection II: Structure and Written Expression11. D. is entertained 12. B. Because 13. D. lacks14. A. for 15. C. hold 16. B. where17. A. have been elected 18. D. it 19. C. by using20. B. they have signedSection III: Reading ComprehensionPassage One:21. A. ending a period of legalized discrimination against women22. D. Women were legally considered to be the property of men.23. B. Women gradually gained political rights and social status.24. D. how women should exercise their rights and duties.25. A. It advocates for equal rights and opportunities for women. Passage Two:26. C. It is easy to distinguish fact from fiction in modern life.27. B. They constantly manipulate facts and present false information.28. D. People should be able to discern between fact and fiction.29. C. by obscuring the line between fact and fiction in news reports30. B. The blurred line between fact and fiction in mass media. Passage Three:31. A. They help individuals and organizations make decisions.32. D. They reveal the mental processes behind decision making.33. C. The role of emotions in decision making.34. B. It affects the decision-making process in different ways.35. D. To highlight the roles of emotions in decision making.Passage Four:36. C. Different cultures have diverse views on the concept of time.37. A. how time is perceived and valued in different cultures.38. B. The past, the present, and the future are closely interconnected.39. D. It represents the irreversible nature of time passing.40. C. Cultural backgrounds and personal experiences.Section IV: Translation41. The elderly in our society should be given more care and respect.42. 人们越来越认识到人们对自然资源的消耗过度可能带来的严重后果。
2001年考研英语真题答案
2001年ban v. *1.明令禁止，取缔2.禁止某人做某事（或去某处等）［+sb from sth/from doing sth］例：He was banned from the meeting. 他被取消了出席会议的资格。
n. 禁令［+ (on sth)］(P1L1) buy up 买通，收买(P1L1)concernv. 1.影响，涉及，牵涉（某人）例：Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管与自己无关的事。
2.［也作be concerned with］to be about something 与……有关；涉及例：The story concerns the prince’s efforts to rescue Pamina. 这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。
3.让（某人）担忧［+sb］；关注，认为（做某事）重要［+n.+to do］例：It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。
She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with. 她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。
n. *1.（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑［+ (about/for/over sth/sb)］例：There is growing concern about violence on television. 人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。
2.关爱；关心例：parents’ concern for their children 父母对子女的关爱3.（对人、组织等）重要的事情；（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事例：What are your main concerns as a writer? 作为一名作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题？(P7L2)figuren. a person of the type mentioned 人物；人士例：a leading figure in the music industry 音乐界一位主要人物(P5L3)involvev. 1.包含；需要；使成为必然部份（或结果）例：Any investment involves an element of risk.任何投资都有一定的冒险成分。
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
2001年考研英语真题答案
ban v。
*1.明令禁止，取缔2.禁止某人做某事（或去某处等）［+sb from sth/from doing sth］例:He was banned from the meeting. 他被取消了出席会议的资格。
n。
禁令[+ (on sth）] (P1L1)buy up 买通，收买（P1L1）concernv。
1。
影响，涉及，牵涉（某人) 例：Don't interfere in what doesn’t concern you。
不要管与自己无关的事. 2.［也作be concerned with] to be about something 与……有关；涉及例：The story concerns the prince’s efforts to rescue Pamina. 这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜. 3。
让（某人）担忧［+sb］；关注，认为(做某事）重要［+n。
+to do] 例:It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。
She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with。
她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。
n. *1.（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑[+ (about/for/over sth/sb)］例：There is growing concern about violence on television. 人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重. 2。
关爱；关心例：parents’ concern for their children 父母对子女的关爱3。
（对人、组织等）重要的事情；（某人)负责的事，有权知道的事例:What are your main concerns as a writer？作为一名作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题？(P7L2)figuren。
2001年考研英语一真题答案解析
2001年考研英语一真题答案解析题目解析阅读理解题Passage 1题目：According to this letter, the writer _______.选项： A. is eager to get a reply B. is ready to give up smoking C. has never contacted Western Union before D. wants to do something for Sylvia答案：A. is eager to get a reply解析：根据信件内容，作者询问是否能收到信件，并希望尽快收到回复。
因此答案选A。
Passage 2题目：According to the passage, the British Museum is a good place to go for people who want to ______.选项： A. learn about the wars in the world B. visit an Egyptian tomb C. meet the king of the world D. visit the Museum of London答案：B. visit an Egyptian tomb解析：根据文章内容，英国博物馆有开放的埃及古墓供游客参观，因此答案选B。
翻译题题目：Our ordinary lives will not be much affected, as the digital divide simply mirrors existing divisions in society.答案：我们的普通生活不会受到太大的影响，因为数字鸿沟只是反映了社会中现有的分歧。
解析：本题要求翻译一句英文句子。
根据题目中的提示信息，我们了解到数字鸿沟只是对社会中现有分歧的一种反映。
因此答案如上。
完型填空题题目：(1) _______ color is more likely to cause me more trouble than any other. (2) _______选项： A. If B. While C. Although D. Unless答案：C. Although解析：在关键句中，介词“although”用于连接两个句子，表示转折的关系。
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析 (1)
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
2001年考研英语真题
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotat ion that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication [B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the Uni ted States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials [B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty [D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______.[A] providing financial support overseas [B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure [D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically [B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts Ameri ca’s in dustrial pattern [D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a c onventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “st andard templ ates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem [B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting [D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows th at downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream [B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status [D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a l ife characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are amo ng the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below. 2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.。
2001年考研英语真题及解析(内容很详细值得一看)
2001年Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentencesin 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people onthe planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owingto its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——afterthe mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developmentsscheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays i n Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
2001年考研英语真题与解析
大家网考研论坛2001 年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstration。
2001年考研英语真题答案
ban v。
*1。
明令禁止，取缔2。
禁止某人做某事（或去某处等）［+sb from sth/from doing sth］例：He was banned from the meeting。
他被取消了出席会议的资格. n. 禁令[+ （on sth）］（P1L1）buy up 买通，收买(P1L1)concernv。
1。
影响,涉及，牵涉（某人）例：Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管与自己无关的事. 2.［也作be concerned with］to be about something 与……有关；涉及例:The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina. 这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。
3.让（某人）担忧［+sb］；关注,认为（做某事）重要[+n。
+to do] 例：It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎,这令我担忧。
She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with。
她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。
n. ＊1.（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑［+ （about/for/over sth/sb）］例:There is growing concern about violence on television。
人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重. 2。
关爱；关心例:parents’ concern for their children 父母对子女的关爱 3.（对人、组织等）重要的事情;（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事例：What are your main concerns as a writer？作为一名作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题? （P7L2）figuren。
2001年考研英语真题及解析
Passage 1
Specialisa on can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumula on of scien fic knowledge. By spli ng up the subject ma er into smaller units ，one man could con nue to handle the informa on and use it atsh e basis for further esearch. But specialisa on was onloyne of a series orfe lated
9 of the le er came two dsa ya er Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legisla on would be le to judg1e2s to Parliament.
15.［A］authorized ［B］credited
16.［A］with
［B］to
17.［A］impact
［B］incident
18.［A］stated
［B］remarked
［C］en tled ［C］from
［C］inference ［C］said
［D］qualified ［D］by
［B］offer
［C］manifest
9.［A］Release
［B］Publica on ［C］Prin ng
2001年考研英语真题答案
2001年ban v。
*1。
明令禁止，取缔2。
禁止某人做某事（或去某处等）［+sb from sth/from doing sth］例：He was banned from the meeting。
他被取消了出席会议的资格。
n. 禁令［+ (on sth)］（P1L1）buy up 买通，收买（P1L1)concernv. 1.影响，涉及，牵涉（某人）例:Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管与自己无关的事。
2.［也作be concerned with］to be about something 与……有关;涉及例：The story concerns the prince’s efforts to rescue Pamina. 这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。
3。
让(某人）担忧［+sb］；关注，认为（做某事)重要[+n。
+to do］例：It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。
She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with。
她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。
n。
*1。
（尤指许多人共同的）担心,忧虑［+ (about/for/over sth/sb）] 例：There is growing concern about violence on television。
人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重. 2。
关爱；关心例:parents’ concern for their children 父母对子女的关爱3。
（对人、组织等）重要的事情；（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事例:What are your main concerns as a writer? 作为一名作家,你主要关注的是哪些问题？(P7L2）figuren。
2001年考研英语真题试卷及答案速查(word版)
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第四部分写作试题解析二、参考范文As can be seen from this vivid picture, like a light, love means much more to those who are in great difficulty than to those who live in comforts. Love, as illustrated in the picture，is just like the oil lamp，which certainly shines brighter in the dark. In other words，the darker the place is，the more precious the light will be. Love is somewhat the same: it is most needed by those who are in urgent need of help and considered most precious in most difficult situations. Therefore, as people living in the modern society, we all should contribute our love to those needy people.I can exemplify this conclusion with the Poverty Alleviation Project. It is known to all that the Chinese government has been calling for people participating in the project. Obviously, the expression of love can be best demonstrated by helping the poor in some backward regions. Therefore, many college students choose to work in these regions upon graduation. It is in these places that they are most needed and their knowledge can be made best use of.The best way to show our love，in my opinion，is to follow the above mentioned example, giving love to the people during the hours of darkness. So when we see someone in difficulty or in distress，don’t hesitate to offer our hands. I believe the relationship between people will be more harmonious and our society will be abetter place for us to live in. Let’s do as a famous saying goes：Ask not what others can do for you; ask what you can do for others.11。
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徐绽英语全程规划系列： 《考研英语历年真题详解十全十美复习宝典》 超值赠送资料
徐绽老师博客： 金榜教育网： 49. [A] what(什么) [B] when(何时) 50. [A] assure(确保安全等) [B] confide(吐露，托付) [C] ensure(确保，保证成功) [D] guarantee(保证质量) [C] which(哪一个) [D] that(那个)
1
徐绽英语全程规划系列： 《考研英语历年真题详解十全十美复习宝典》 超值赠送资料
徐绽老师博客： 金res could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.
【核心词汇】
ban[bAn]v.取缔,查禁 ;（from ）禁止 n.禁止 ,禁令 chancellor [5tFB:nsElE]n.( 英)大臣；法官；(德、奥 )总理；校长 contain[ kEn5tein]v.包含，容纳；容忍，克制，控制；抑制；可被……除尽（con 全部 +tain→ 全部拿住→包容） convention[ kEn5venFEn]n.大会,会议;惯例 ,常规 ,习俗 ;公约,协定 （con 大家+vent+ion 名词后缀 →大家来到→起→集会） exaggerate[ i^5zAdVEreit]v.夸大,夸张；言过其实 legislation[ 7ledVis5leiFEn ]n.法律（规） ；立法，法律的制定（或通过） （ legislat（ e）+ion 名词 后缀） prominent[5prCminEnt]a.突起的 ,显著的，凸出的 ;突出的 ,杰出的，著名的（ pro 向前+min+ent 形容词后缀→向前伸→突出的） trial[ 5traiEl]n.讯问，审讯；试验；试用；尝试；讨厌的人 ,忧虑或麻烦的原因 sentence[ 5sentEns]v.宣判,判决; n.句子 ;判决,宣判 significant [si^5nifikEnt]a. 有意义的 ; 重大的 , 重要的，效果显著的；意味深长的（ sign 标志 +i+fic+ant 形容词后缀→做出的有标志性的→意义重大的） propose[ pr5puz]v.提议,建议;提名,推荐;求婚；计划，打算（ pro 向前+pose →向前放 →建议） sufficient[ sE5fiFEnt]a. （ for ）足够的 ,充分的（比 enough 拘谨、正式） （ suf 在上面 +fic +ient 形容词后缀→在上面一直做会获得充分的回报→充足的） protest[ prE5test]v.＆ n.主张 ,断言,抗议,反对， 声言， 申明 （pro 在前面 +test→向前作证→ 抗议） privacy[ 5praivEsi]n.（不受干扰的）独处，自由，隐私；私生活（priv+acy 名词后缀→ 隐私） verdict[ 5vE:dikt]n.（陪审团的）裁决,判决；判断；定论（ ver 真实 +dict→说真话→ 裁决） witness[5witnis]n.目击者 ,证人 ;证据,证明 v.目击,目睹;作证（ wit 知+ness 名词后缀→知情者）
Section Ⅰ Cloze Test
【文章综述】
本文围绕新闻界靠付报酬来收买证人的做法展开讨论。 第一段指出： 政府将禁止给证人 付款的做法。第二至第六段引用了大法官欧文勋爵的一封信，其中明确表明了他的立场： 媒 体并没有起到应有的监督作用（第三段） ，因此，如果付款给证人的做法继续下去的话，证 人会因此而受到鼓励，在法庭上夸大其词，误导陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。
徐绽英语全程规划系列： 《考研英语历年真题详解十全十美复习宝典》 超值赠送资料
徐绽老师博客： 金榜教育网：
2001 年考研英语真题精解精析
2001 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《2001 年全国硕士研究生入学统一 考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业） 》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容 。 2001 年试题题型与 2000 年相比， “语法结构与词汇”部分减少了 10 道语法辩错题，计分减 少 5 分； “完型填空”增加了文章的长度，增加了 10 道题目，计分没有变化； “短文写作” 题量上没做任何改动， 但计分增加了 5 分， 这对考生来说既是机遇也是挑战。 如果准备充分、 备考得法，就会轻松提高 5 分，反之，可能会丢掉这部分的分数。 总体难度方面，各部分都较 2000 年略有增加。
31. [A] as to(关于) [B] for instance(例如) 32. [A] tightening(收紧，紧密) [B] intensifying(加强，加剧) 33. [A] sketch(草图，概略) [B]rough(粗略，粗糙的) 34. [A] illogical(不合逻辑的) [B] illegal(不合法的) 35. [A] publicity(公开，公之于众) [B] penalty(惩罚) 36. [A] since(因为) [B] if (如果) 37. [A] sided(支持，袒护) [B] shared(分享，分担) 38. [A] present(表现出) [B] offer(给予) 39. [A] Release(释放，公开) [B] Publication(出版，发表) 40. [A] storm(风暴) [B] rage(大怒) 41. [A] translation(翻译) [B] interpretation(解释，阐明) 42. [A] better than(好于) [B] other than(不同于，除了) 43. [A] changes(改变，变化) [B] makes(使得) 44. [A] binding(约束，捆绑) [B] convincing(说服) 45. [A] authorized(被授权的) [B] credited(有功的) 46. [A] with(和) [B] to(对于) 47. [A] impact(影响) [B] incident(事件) 48. [A] stated(陈述) [B] remarked(评论)
“有了我们英国法官，新闻自由 46 就有了 保障。 ”他说。 维斯特 1995 年被判坐 10 辈子牢， 在这之后， 买通证人就成了一个 47 问题。 48 据说向报界提供信息、从中获取报酬 的证人多达 19 人。人们不禁担心 49 为 了 50 确保 法庭做出有罪判决， 证人有可 能会受到鼓励而在法庭上夸大其词。
[C] in particular(尤其) [D] such as(诸如) [C] focusing(聚焦于，集中) [D] fastening(扣紧，系紧) [C]preliminary(预备的，初步的) [D] draft(草稿，草案) [C] improbable(不可能的) [D] improper(不合时宜的) [C] popularity(普及，流行) [D] peculiarity(奇特，特性) [C] before (在……之前) [D] as(当……的时候) [C] complied(遵从，顺应) [D] agreed(同意，赞同) [C] manifest(宣称，声明) [D] indicate(表明，指明) [C] Printing(打印) [D] Exposure(揭露，揭秘) [C] flare(燃烧，爆发) [D] flash(闪现) [C] exhibition(展览) [D] demonstration(展示，演示) [C] rather than(胜于，而非) [D] sooner than(快于) [C] sets(使得，致使) [D] turns(变得，转变) [C] restraining(抑制，制止) [D] sustaining(维持，持续) [C] entitled(有资格的, 有权利的) [D] qualified(合格的) [C] from(从…来) [D] by(由…方式) [C] inference(推理) [D] issue(问题，论点) [C] said(说，谈论) [D] told(告诉) 2
【英汉对照】
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control. 39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and 政府将禁止报界拿钱买通那些与重 大案件， 31 如罗兹玛丽· 维斯特审判案， 有关的证人。 为了 32 加强法律对报界的监管， 大 法官欧文勋爵将提交一份 33 草案， 提议 将以金钱收买证人视为 34 非法行为， 并 且严格控制开庭 36 前对案情的 35 宣传 。 在写给下议院媒体选择委员会主席 杰拉尔德·考夫曼的一封信中，欧文勋 爵说， 他 37 同意 委员会今年提交的报告 上的观点， 那就是自律不能 38 提供 足够 的控制。 欧文勋爵在媒体上遭到了 40 猛烈的 抨击，因为他说欧洲法律中隐私监控权 应该由法官 42 而不是由国会来 41 解释 ， 两天之后这封信 39 发表 了。 大法官说， 《人权法案》的提出 43 使 《欧洲人权公约》在英国具有了法律 44 约束力， 它规定每个人都 45 享有隐私 权，公众人物可以上法庭保护自己和家 人。