201x年考研英语一真题及答案

合集下载

【推荐下载】201X年考研英语一真题-优秀word范文 (17页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年考研英语一真题篇一：201X考研英语一真题打印版201X年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C orD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C orD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activitymakes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be court and politics. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify[D] recognize2. [A]when[B]lest[C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established[D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject[C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts[B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise9. [A]line [B]barrier10. [A]by[B]as11. [A]so[B]since12. [A]serve [B]satisfy13. [A]confirm [B]express14. [A]guarded [B]followed15. [A]concepts [B]theories16. [A]excludes [B]questions17. [A]dismissed [B]released18. [A]suppress [B]exploit19. [A]accessible [B]amiable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: [C]deny [C]similarity [C]though [C]provided [C]upset [C]cultivate[C]studied [C]divisions [C]shapes [C]ranked [C]address[C]agreeable [C]in a word [D]settle [D]conflict [D]towards [D]though[D]replace [D]offer [D]tied [D]conceptions [D]controls [D]distorted [D]ignore [D]accountable [D]as a resultRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered messag e, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. InSouth Africa, an HIV-preventioninitiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.‖ Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!‖ pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenbergargues convincingly thatpublic-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenbergis less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes islimited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negativeones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in vir tuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22.Rosenbergholds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view,Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends。

【精品文档】201X考研英语一真题-范文word版 (21页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X考研英语一真题篇一：201X考研英语 (一)真题及答案解析201X考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual andcultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 they also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought uelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1.[A] selected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased2.[A] unique[B] particular[C] special[D] rare3.[A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against4.[A] subsequently[B] presently[C] previously[D] lately5.[A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence6.[A] thought[B] sight[C] cost[D] risk7.[A] advises[B] suggests[C] protests[D] objects8.[A] progress[B] fact[C] need[D] question9.[A] attaining[B] scoring[C] reaching[D] calculating10.[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers13.[A] affirm[B] witness[C] observe[D] approve14.[A] moreover[B] therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile15.[A] given up[B] got over[C] carried on[D] put down16.[A] assessing[B] supervising[C] administering[D] valuing17.[A] development[B] origin[C] consequence[D] instrument18.[A] linked[B] integrated[C] woven[D] combined19.[A] limited[B] subjected[C] converted[D] directed20.[A] paradoxical[B] incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxietydi sorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capa city for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to bein domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tearthat comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape,to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriageended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para.5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.。

201x考研英语一真题及答案【完美打印】

2016考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiti ng period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard formodels and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off–plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines thatgenerally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] uncertainty[B] skepticism[C] approval[D] tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] guarding it against malpractices[B] protecting it from consumers[C] winning trust from consumers.[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A] less controversial[B] more lasting[C] more effective[D] less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] comes across as reliable evidence[B] has an impact on their decision[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper― printing presses, delivery trucks ― isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing itsDVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year ― more than twice as much as a digital ― only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a “ legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Markyour answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41___As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42___Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? Forone person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ___Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 ___Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ___The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere, like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing thenewly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【参考答案】：1-20: BDCACACCDBDDBACDBACA21. ADBCA 26. ADCDD 31. ACDBA 36. DABCD41. BGDEF46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。

研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷与参考答案

研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestIn the modern globalized world, environmental issues have become a major concern for both individuals and societies. The following passage discusses various aspects of environmental protection. Fill in each blank with the most suitable word to complete the passage. Choose the best answer from the options given.Interest in 1 (A) wildlife conservation B) natural resources (C) global warming D) renewable energy has been growing rapidly in recent years. Concerns about the impact of human activity on the planet have led to increased 2 (A) public awareness (B) climate change (C) pollution levels (D) deforestation rates. Here are a few strategies that can help individuals and communities contribute to environmental protection.Firstly, 3 (A) reducing B) global warming (C) water consumption D) energy use is crucial. By simply turning off lights and using energy-efficient appliances, we can lower our carbon footprint and slow down the rate of climate change.Secondly, it is essential to 4 (A) recycle B) conserve water (C) buy local products (D) promote sustainable practices. Recycling not only reduces theamount of waste that goes into landfills but also saves resources and energy.Another significant step is to 5 (A) support B) educate C) protect wildlife D) promote conservation. Protecting natural habitats and preventing the illegal trade of wildlife species are vital for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.Moreover, 6 (A) balanced diets B) transportation alternatives (C) public transportation (D) local markets play a crucial role in reducing our environmental impact. By choosing public transportation over personal vehicles or opting for bike rides instead of car journeys, we can significantly decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.In addition to individual actions, 7 (A) companies B) governments C) international agreements (D) non-profit organizations must also commit to sustainable practices. Policies that promote renewable energy and limit harmful emissions are essential for a healthier planet.Furthermore, it’s important to 8 (A) raise awareness B) follow regulations (C) maintain a positive attitude D) reduce consumption. By spreading information about the importance of environmental protection and encouraging others to take action, we can create a more sustainable future.Lastly, 9 (A) education B) innovation (C) research D) activism are key components of environmental protection. Investing in educational programs that teach about conservation and sustainable living is essential for cultivating a sense of responsibility among future generations.While it’s easy to feel helpless in the face of global challenges, it is important to remember that every individual 10 (A) contributes B) reduces C) recycles D) conserves has the power to make a difference.1.C) global warming2.A) public awareness3.A) reducing4.A) recycle5.C) protect wildlife6.B) transportation alternatives7.B) governments8.A) raise awareness9.A) education10.A) contributes二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionReading PassageIn the realm of higher education, the concept of lifelong learning has gained significant traction over the past few decades. The rapid pace of technological advancement and the ever-evolving job market have necessitated a shift from the traditional model of education, where learning is confined to the early years of one’s life. Today, individuals are encouraged to engage in continuouseducation throughout their careers to stay relevant and competitive. Lifelong learning encompasses formal, non-formal, and informal learning experiences that contribute to personal and professional growth.The benefits of embracing lifelong learning are manifold. On a personal level, it fosters intellectual curiosity, enhances problem-solving skills, and promotes mental agility. Professionally, it equips individuals with the latest knowledge and skills required to adapt to new challenges and opportunities in the workplace. Furthermore, lifelong learning can lead to career advancement, increased job satisfaction, and better quality of life.However, the pursuit of lifelong learning also presents several challenges. One of the primary obstacles is the time commitment required to pursue additional education while balancing work and personal responsibilities. Financial constraints can also be a significant barrier, especially when it comes to accessing high-quality educational resources. Despite these challenges, the value of lifelong learning cannot be overstated, and many organizations now offer flexible learning options such as online courses and workshops to support their employees’ development.As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the importance of lifelong learning will only continue to grow. It is essential for both individuals and societies to embrace this concept to thrive in the global economy. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement and learning, we can ensure that our workforce remains adaptable and resilient in the face of change.Questions1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The challenges of lifelong learningB) The importance and benefits of lifelong learningC) The role of technology in educationD) The impact of globalization on educationAnswer: B) The importance and benefits of lifelong learning2、According to the passage, what is one benefit of lifelong learning ona personal level?A) Increased financial stabilityB) Improved interpersonal relationshipsC) Enhanced problem-solving skillsD) Greater social statusAnswer: C) Enhanced problem-solving skills3、Which of the following is mentioned as a challenge to lifelong learning?A) Lack of motivationB) Difficulty in finding suitable coursesC) Time commitment and financial constraintsD) Inadequate support from employersAnswer: C) Time commitment and financial constraints4、How do organizations support lifelong learning according to the passage?A) By offering scholarshipsB) By providing flexible learning optionsC) By mandating annual training sessionsD) By reducing work hours for study purposesAnswer: B) By providing flexible learning options5、What does the author suggest about the future of lifelong learning?A) It will become less important as technology advancesB) It will be a requirement for all jobsC) Its significance will increase due to global interconnectivityD) It will be replaced by artificial intelligenceAnswer: C) Its significance will increase due to global interconnectivity 第二题Passage:In the heart of the bustling city, there stood an old, ivy-covered mansion. This mansion, known as the Heritage House, had been a witness to countless historical events. Over the years, it had been the home of various prominent figures, each leaving their unique mark on the house. The mansion’s grand library, filled with thousands of rare books and artifacts, was a treasure trove of knowledge.One sunny afternoon, a young historian named Emma arrived at the Heritage House. She had been researching a particular era of history for her thesis and believed that the Heritage House held the key to unlocking some of its mysteries. As she wandered through the library, she stumbled upon a dusty, leather-boundjournal. The journal belonged to a man named Sir Thomas, who had lived in the mansion during the Victorian era.Emma spent the next few hours poring over the journal. The entries were filled with vivid descriptions of daily life during the 19th century, as well as Sir Thomas’s observations on the changes occurring around him. The journal also contained several sketches and maps, which Emma found particularly intriguing. She was certain that these would provide valuable insights into the historical context of the mansion.1、Emma arrived at the Heritage House to:A. Attend a historical lectureB. Conduct research for her thesisC. Visit a friend who lived thereD. Take a tour of the mansion2、What did Emma discover in the library?A. A collection of modern novelsB. A rare collection of coinsC. A journal from the Victorian eraD. An antique vase3、Emma believed that the Heritage House held the key to:A. The secrets of a hidden treasureB. The mysteries of a famous personC. The secrets of a rival historianD. The history of the city4、The journal belonged to a man named:A. Sir CharlesB. Sir GeorgeC. Sir ThomasD. Sir William5、Emma found the journal entries particularly valuable because they:A. Contained recipes from the 19th centuryB. Described the mansion’s restoration processC. Provided insights into daily life during the Victorian eraD. Revealed the mansion’s architectural secretsAnswers:1、B2、C3、D4、C5、CThird Question (30 points)Passage:Portfolio Medicine: A New Approach to HealthcareIn recent years, “portfolio medicine” has emerged as a promising new approach to personalized healthcare. Unlike traditional medical care that often treatssymptoms and diseases, portfolio medicine focuses on an individual’s overall health, including their physical, emotional, and social well-being. This approach emphasizes proactive health management and the prevention of diseases rather than just reacting to them. Patients are encouraged to take charge of their own health by adopting healthy lifestyle changes, participating in regular health screenings, and seeking support from a range of healthcare professionals. Doctors in portfolio medicine are seen as health coaches who guide patients on their health journey. This change in approach requires a significant shift in both patient and doctor perspectives, one that recognizes the complexity of the human body and the importance of individualized care.Questions:1、What is the main focus of portfolio medicine?Answer: The main fo cus of portfolio medicine is on an individual’s overall health, including their physical, emotional, and social well-being.2、What is a key difference between traditional medical care and portfolio medicine?Answer: Unlike traditional medical care that often treats symptoms and diseases, portfolio medicine focuses on proactive health management and the prevention of diseases rather than just reacting to them.3、How do patients participate in portfolio medicine?Answer: Patients are encouraged to take charge of their own health by adopting healthy lifestyle changes, participating in regular health screenings, andseeking support from a range of healthcare professionals.4、What role do doctors play in portfolio medicine?Answer: Doctors in portfolio medicine are seen as health coaches who guide patients on their health journey.5、What shift does portfolio medicine require in both patient and doctor perspectives?Answer: This change in approach requires a significant shift in both patient and doctor perspectives, one that recognizes the complexity of the human body and the importance of individualized care.This should meet the requirement for the specified format and content.第四题Leaders of developed nations are convened in the World Economic Forum annual meeting to discuss global issues, economic trends, and future strategies. This year’s meeting focuses on the theme “Shaping the Future: Global Contribution through Innovation.” The following article examines some key points raised during the forum.After a year marked by geopolitical instability and economic uncertainty, leaders at the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos are seeking ways to reinvigorate global growth and foster sustainable development. The meeting brings together policymakers, business leaders, and thinkers from around the world to discuss challenges and opportunities. Here are some of the key takeaways from the forum:1.The gig economy is here to stay, but it needs regulation.2.Climate change remains a major threat, and immediate action is needed.cation systems must adapt to prepare students for the jobs of the future.4.Inequality is widening, and it poses a threat to social stability.5.Technology is a driver of both innovation and disruption, and policies must be in place to manage both.Question 1: What is the main focus of this year’s World Economic Forum annual meeting?A) Geopolitical instabilityB) Economic growth strategiesC) Education system improvementsD) Technology and climate changeQuestion 2: Which of the following issues does the article mention as needing to be regulated?A) Climate changeB) InequalityC) The gig economyD) Education systemsQuestion 3: According to the article, what is the primary threat posed by climate change?A) Economic instabilityB) Social instabilityC) Job displacementD) Aging populationsQuestion 4: The article suggests that education systems need to adapt in order to do what?A) Control climate changeB) Battle inequalityC) Create regulations for the gig economyD) Prepare students for future jobsQuestion 5: What is the main concern regarding technology mentioned in the article?A) It could disrupt existing industries.B) It could lead to a decline in employment.C) It could widen the gap between rich and poor.D) All of the above.Answers:1.B) Economic growth strategies2.C) The gig economy3.B) Social instability4.D) Prepare students for future jobs5.D) All of the above.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Graduate Entrance Examination - English Test (Code 201)Section III: Reading Comprehension New TypeDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Text:In recent years, the concept of ‘smart cities’ has gained significant traction across the globe. The idea is to use technology and data to improve urban services, reduce costs and resource consumption, and engage more effectively with citizens. A smart city is characterized by its use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to increase contact between citizens and government. Of particular importance are smart energy systems, which can help to manage electricity demand and supply, and smart transportation systems, which can optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion.However, the development of smart cities faces several challenges. One major issue is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication services and those who do not. This divide can exacerbate social inequalities if not addressed properly. Another challenge is the privacy and security of data collected through these systems.As cities become smarter, they also become more dependent on data, which can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks and misuse. Therefore, ensuring robust cybersecurity measures is crucial for the success of smart city initiatives.Moreover, the implementation of smart city projects requires substantial investment in infrastructure and technology. Funding such projects can be difficult, especially in developing countries where financial resources are limited. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are often seen as a solution to this problem, but they require careful planning and management to ensure that the benefits are shared fairly among all stakeholders.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of smart cities are immense. They offer a way to make our urban areas more sustainable, efficient, and livable. By leveraging technology, we can create cities that not only meet the needs of today’s population but also prepare for the challenges of tomorrow.Questions:1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of smart cities?A) Use of ICTs to enhance service quality.B) Reduction of costs and resource consumption.C) Increase in citizen-government interaction.D) Reduction of rural-urban migration.2.According to the text, what is one of the main issues faced by the development of smart cities?A) The difficulty in implementing new transportation systems.B) The lack of public interest in technological advancements.C) The digital divide between different segments of the population.D) The shortage of skilled workers to operate smart systems.3.Why is ensuring robust cybersecurity measures important for smart city initiatives?A) To prevent the overuse of electricity.B) To protect against cyber-attacks and data misuse.C) To encourage the use of renewable energy sources.D) To facilitate easier communication between citizens and government.4.What does the text suggest as a possible solution to fund smart city projects?A) Raising taxes on the local population.B) Seeking international aid from developed countries.C) Establishing public-private partnerships.D) Cutting down on other public spending.5.What does the text imply about the future of smart cities?A) They will likely face insurmountable challenges.B) They will contribute to making urban areas more sustainable.C) They will lead to an increase in the cost of living in cities.D) They will decrease the overall efficiency of urban services.Answers:1.D) Reduction of rural-urban migration.2.C) The digital divide between different segments of the population.3.B) To protect against cyber-attacks and data misuse.4.C) Establishing public-private partnerships.5.B) They will contribute to making urban areas more sustainable.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.原文：随着科技的发展，人们的生活节奏越来越快，工作压力也随之增大。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷与参考答案

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below. There are twenty blanks in the passage. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.The rise of the Internet has 1 a significant impact on the way people 2 information. With just a few clicks, one can access a vast array of resources and 3 from around the world. However, this 4 in information access has also brought about challenges. Here is a story that illustrates the complexities of our digital age.In a small town, a young girl named Lily was 5 her studies. She was particularly 6 in learning about the world beyond her village. One day, while browsing the Internet, she stumbled upon an article about climate change. The article 7 her curiosity and she began to research further.Lily found a website that offered a variety of 8 on environmental issues. She spent hours reading about the effects of global warming and the importanceof sustainable practices. As she learned more, she felt 9 to make a difference in her community.10, Lily organized a local clean-up drive. She 11 her friends and neighbors to join her, and together they collected trash and cleaned up the local park. The event received 12 from the community, and it inspired others to take action.Despite the positive outcome, Lily realized that there was still much work to be done. She 13 to join a local environmental group to 14 her knowledge and skills. The group organized workshops and community outreach programs to educate people about environmental issues.As Lily continued her journey, she 15 that technology could be a double-edged sword. While it provided access to information, it also 16 distractions and could lead to 17 attention spans. She learned to balance her use of the Internet with other activities and discovered that 18 the right balance was crucial.One day, while 19 the news, Lily read about a global initiative to reduce plastic waste. She 20 the opportunity to participate and reached out to her environmental group. Together, they organized a campaign to promote the use of reusable bags and educate people about the impact of single-use plastics.1.A. A. resulted inB. B. contributed toC. C. led toD. D. caused2.A. gatherB. B. acquireC. C. searchD. D. seek3.A. experiencesB. B. perspectivesC. C. knowledgeD. D. insights4.A. increaseB. B. expansionC. C. surgeD. D. boost5.A. dedicated herself toB. B. immersed herself inC. C. focused onD. D. involved herself in6.A. enthusiastic aboutB. B. fascinated byC. C. interested inD. D. excited about7.A. sparkedB. B. ignitedC. C. arousedD. D. stimulated8.A. articlesB. B. resourcesC. C. materialsD. D. publications9.A. motivatedB. B. determinedC. C. inspiredD. D. encouraged10.A. SubsequentlyB. B. ConsequentlyC. C. EventuallyD. D. Immediately11.A. invitedB. B. encouragedC. C. persuadeD. D. asked12.A. supportB. B. recognitionC. C. enthusiasmD. D. appreciation13.A. decidedB. B. volunteeredC. C. attemptedD. D. agreed14.A. enhanceB. B. expandC. C. improveD. D. develop15.A. recognizedB. B. realizedC. C. acknowledgedD. D. admitted16.A. offeredB. B. providedC. C. causedD. D. resulted in17.A. shorterB. B. briefC. C. conciseD. D. limited18.A. findingB. B. maintainingC. C. achievingD. D. striking19.A. watchingB. B. listening toC. C. readingD. D. scanning20.A. seizedB. B. grabbedC. C. tookD. D. embracedAnswers:1.A. resulted in2.B. acquire3.C. knowledge4.C. surge5.A. dedicated herself to6.B. fascinated by7.A. sparked8.B. resources9.C. inspired10.C. Eventually11.A. invited12.B. recognition13.B. volunteered14.A. enhance15.B. realized16.C. caused17.A. shorter18.D. striking19.C. reading20.D. embraced二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The Role of Technology in EducationEducation has always been a fundamental factor for societal development. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, it’s becoming increasingly clear that traditional methods of teaching are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of today’s digital natives. The integration of technology into education is not just about equipping students with computer skills; it’s also about transforming the way we teach and learn.One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is its ability to personalize learning experiences. Adaptive learning software cantailor educational content to the specific needs of each student, ensuring that every learner gets the support they require. Furthermore, online platforms provide access to a wealth of information and resources that would otherwise be unavailable to many students, particularly those in remote or underprivileged areas.However, critics argue that an over-reliance on technology might lead to a loss of essential human interaction and the development of social skills. There is also concern about the potential for increased screen time to have negative effects on children’s health and well-being. Despite these concerns, proponents of educational technology believe that if used correctly, it can enhance rather than detract from the educational experience.As technology continues to evolve, so must our approach to education. It is clear that there is a need for a balanced integration of traditional teaching methods with modern technological tools. Only by embracing this hybrid model can we ensure that future generations are adequately prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding technology in education?A)Technology should replace traditional teaching methods.B)Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.C)Technology is detrimental to the educational process.D)Technology has no place in the classroom.Answer: B) Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.2、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of using technology in education?A)It increases the amount of homework students receive.B)It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.C)It makes traditional teaching methods obsolete.D)It decreases the need for teachers in the classroom.Answer: B) It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.3、What concern does the passage mention regarding the use of technology in education?A)It may cause a decrease in the use of textbooks.B)It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.C)It could lead to an increase in physical activity among students.D)It ensures that all students have equal access to information.Answer: B) It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.4、How does the passage suggest that technology affects access to information?A)It limits access to information only to those who can afford it.B)It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.C)It restricts the types of information available to students.D)It has no impact on how students access information.Answer: B) It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.5、What does the passage imply about preparing future generations?A)They should rely solely on technology for learning.B)They should reject modern educational tools in favor of traditional ones.C)They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.D)They should focus exclusively on developing social skills without technology.Answer: C) They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.第二题Reading PassageIn the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people lived and worked. This period of rapid industrialization led to the development of factories, the mass production of goods, and a shift from an agrarian society to an urban one. The following article discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society and the environment.The Impact of the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, was a period of profound economic and social change in Europe and North America. It was marked by the transition from hand production methods to machines, and by the introduction of new chemical, iron, steel, and coal industries. This transition had a profound impact on the lives of people, and it brought about both positive and negative consequences.One of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the urbanization of society. As factories were built in cities, people moved fromrural areas to urban centers in search of work. This led to the growth of cities and the creation of slums, where many workers lived in poor conditions. The overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in these areas contributed to the spread of diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.Another consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the degradation of the environment. The burning of coal and the release of pollutants into the air and water led to air and water pollution, which had serious health implications for people and animals. The deforestation and soil erosion that resulted from the expansion of industrial activities also had a detrimental effect on the natural landscape.Despite these negative impacts, the Industrial Revolution also brought about many positive changes. The mass production of goods led to a significant increase in the standard of living for many people. The development of new technologies, such as the steam engine and the telegraph, improved communication and transportation, making the world a smaller place. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution led to the rise of the middle class, which had a profound impact on social and political structures.Questions:1、What was one of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution on society?A. The decline of agricultureB. The urbanization of societyC. The decrease in populationD. The increase in unemployment2、Why did people move to urban centers during the Industrial Revolution?A. To pursue higher educationB. To enjoy the culture of the citiesC. To seek better job opportunitiesD. To avoid the diseases prevalent in rural areas3、What was a negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?A. The increase in agricultural productivityB. The improvement of air qualityC. The reduction of deforestationD. The decline in water pollution4、How did the Industrial Revolution affect the standard of living for many people?A. It led to a decrease in living standardsB. It resulted in a significant increase in living standardsC. It had no significant impact on living standardsD. It caused a mixed impact on living standards5、What was one of the social and political impacts of the Industrial Revolution?A. The strengthening of the monarchyB. The rise of the middle classC. The fall of the aristocracyD. The abolition of slaveryAnswers:1、B2、C3、D4、B5、B第三题Once upon a time, in a small village nestled between rolling hills, there lived an old man named Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown was a kind-hearted and wise man, known throughout the village for his stories and his ability to solve problems with a unique perspective. The villagers would often gather at his house after the day’s work to listen to his tales, which were always filled with lessons and moral values.One evening, a young man named Tom approached Mr. Brown. Tom had heard about Mr. Brown’s wisdom and sought his advic e on a difficult situation. Tom was facing a choice between a lucrative job offer in a big city and staying close to his family and friends in the village.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The beauty of the villageB. The wisdom of Mr. BrownC. The challenges of modern lifeD. The importance of family2、Why did Tom go to see Mr. Brown?A. To ask for help with his studiesB. To discuss the village’s problemsC. To seek advice on a difficult decisionD. To compete with Mr. Brown in a storytelling contest3、What was the young man’s main dilemma?A. Whether to move to the city or stay in the villageB. How to become a successful businessmanC. What to do with his old houseD. How to improve the village’s economy4、What is the purpose of Mr. Brown’s stories in the passage?A. To entertain the villagersB. To teach moral values and lessonsC. To promote tourism in the villageD. To showcase his own wisdom5、According to the passage, what does Mr. Brown represent to the villagers?A. A source of entertainmentB. A mentor and counselorC. A competitor in storytellingD. A symbol of wealth and powerAnswers:1、B2、C3、A4、B5、B第四题Passage:In recent years, the rise of e-books has sparked a debate about the future of traditional books. While many argue that e-books will eventually replace printed books, others believe that the traditional book format will continue to thrive. This article explores the arguments on both sides and examines the potential impact of e-books on the publishing industry.1.The article mentions that the debate over e-books versus traditional books is a topic of great concern. What is the main reason for this debate?A. The declining sales of printed booksB. The increasing popularity of e-readersC. The potential impact on the publishing industryD. The environmental concerns of paper usage2.The passage states that some people believe e-books will eventually replace printed books. What is the primary reason for this belief?A. The convenience of e-booksB. The lower cost of e-booksC. The environmental benefits of e-booksD. The potential for interactive content in e-books3.According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential disadvantage of e-books?A. The lack of tactile experienceB. The potential for screen fatigueC. The ease of copying and distributing contentD. The limited availability of e-books in some regions4.The article discusses the role of traditional books in the education system. What does the author suggest about the importance of physical books in education?A. They are becoming less importantB. They are essential for learningC. They are being replaced by digital resourcesD. They are being ignored by modern students5.The author concludes the article by discussing the future of the publishing industry. What does the author imply about the industry’s ability to adapt to the rise of e-books?A. The industry will struggle to adaptB. The industry will thrive regardless of e-booksC. The industry will adapt and evolveD. The industry will disappear due to e-booksAnswers:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Passage:The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and conduct business. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, variety, and competitive prices. As a result, traditional brick-and-mortar stores are facing stiff competition and are forced to adapt to the digital world. This essay explores the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry and discusses the challenges and opportunities it presents.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of online shoppingB) The decline of traditional storesC) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industryD) The challenges faced by brick-and-mortar stores2.According to the passage, why is online shopping becoming more popular?A) It is more expensive than shopping in physical stores.B) It is only available during specific hours.C) It offers a wider variety of products.D) It requires customers to physically visit a store.3.What is the main challenge that traditional stores are facing?A) The lack of competitive prices.B) The limited selection of products.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.D) The difficulty in adapting to digital technology.4.The passage suggests that traditional stores need to do what in order to survive?A) Offer the lowest prices.B) Close their physical locations.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.D) Focus solely on online sales.5.How does the passage conclude the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry?A) E-commerce will eventually replace all traditional stores.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry is negligible.D) E-commerce will only benefit large corporations and not small businesses.Answers:1.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry2.C) It offers a wider variety of products.3.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.4.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.5.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.中文段落：研究生考试是许多中国学生梦寐以求的机会，它不仅为他们提供了一个深造和提升自身能力的机会，而且也是实现个人职业目标的重要途径。

研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题与参考答案(2024年)

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）1.In order to be admitted into a top university, many students choose to take thepostgraduate entrance examination (or GRE). This exam is designed to test astudent’s knowledge in various subjects, including math, science, and English.However, some students may struggle with certain sections of the exam, such as the GRE verbal section. To prepare for this section, it is important to practice reading and comprehension skills regularly. Additionally, memorizing vocabulary words andpracticing answering sample questions can also help improve performance on theverbal section of the GRE.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题The article below discusses the impact of the digital revolution on traditional retail businesses. After reading the article, please answer the following questions:1.What does the author mainly discuss in the first paragraph?2.How does the author illustrate the convenience of online shopping in thesecond paragraph?3.What is the author’s main argument in the third paragraph?4.What evidence does the author provide to support the claim that onlineshopping has a negative impact on traditional retail businesses?5.What is the author’s view on the future of traditional retail businessesin the conclusion?答案1.The author mainly discusses the impact of the digital revolution ontraditional retail businesses.2.The author illustrates the convenience of online shopping by comparingthe experience of shopping online with that of shopping in a physical store.3.The author’s main argument in the third paragraph is that while onlineshopping provides convenience and a wider selection of products,traditional retail businesses are struggling to compete and mayeventually be forced out of business.4.The author provides evidence such as the decline in sales for certaintraditional retail stores due to the rise of online shopping and the fact that many consumers now start their shopping journey online.5.The author’s view on the future of traditional retail businesses is thatthey will continue to struggle unless they adapt to the changing market and find ways to integrate online shopping into their business models.第二题A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Oxford has found that the traditional reading habits of people are significantly declining. The study, wh ich was published in the journal “Reading Habits and Trends,” analyzed the reading patterns of over 2,000 individuals from various age groups and backgrounds. The results showed that while only 35% of respondents still engage in traditional reading activities, such as reading books or newspapers, 65% prefer digital forms of content, including e-books and online articles.The researchers argue that this shift is due to the increasing popularity of digital devices and the convenience of reading on a screen. However, they also noted that this change may have detrimental effects on literacy and critical thinking skills. The study found that traditional readers tend to exhibit better reading comprehension and critical thinking skills compared to their digital reading counterparts.The implications of this shift are profound. Reading, in its traditional form, has been an essential part of intellectual development for centuries. It has been used to entertain, inform, and educate for generations. As the world moves further into the digital age, the question remains: Will this shift away from traditional reading diminish our collective intellectual capabilities?1、What percentage of the respondents still engage in traditional reading activities?A) 35%B) 65%C) 50%D) 25%答案：A) 35%2、According to the study, what are some traditional reading activities mentioned?A) Watching televisionB) Reading books or newspapersC) Listening to audiobooksD) Playing video games答案：B) Reading books or newspapers3、What is the argument made by the researchers about the decline in traditional reading habits?A) The increase in e-book sales is directly correlated with the decline.B) The public library is no longer a significant influence.C) Traditional reading activities are now considered outdated.D) Television and social media are to blame.答案：A) The increase in e-book sales is directly correlated with the decline.4、Which of the following skills do traditional readers tend to exhibit better than digital readers, according to the study?A) Playing video gamesB) Critical thinking skillsC) Reading comprehensionD) Writing skills答案：C) Reading comprehension5、What is the main concern about the shift towards digital reading that the passage discusses?A) Lack of time to readB) Loss of cultural identityC) Diminished intellectual capabilitiesD) Inability to comprehend dense texts答案：C) Diminished intellectual capabilitiesThird QuestionReading PassageThe American poet Walt Whitman was known for his radical approach to poetry. He broke away from traditional forms and embraced themes of democracy, equality, and the individual. Born in 1819, Whitman’s early years were sp ent in rural New York, experiencing the simple joys and struggles of working-class life. This early exposure to the multifaceted experiences of ordinary people heavily influenced his writing.Whitman’s ground-breaking work, Leaves of Grass, first published in 1855, was met with both praise and condemnation. It challenged the conventions of Victorian poetry with its free verse style, bold imagery, and frank explorationof sexuality and the human body. Some critics were outraged by its perceived vulgarity, while others hailed it as a revolutionary manifesto for a changing America.Despite the initial controversy, Leaves of Grass ultimately became a seminal work of American literature. Whitman’s innovative style and his celebration of the common man resonated with readers who were yearning for a new voice in poetry. He became known as the “Bard of Democracy” and his influence on generations of poets, both American and international, is undeniable.Whitman’s legacy endures not only through his poetry but also thr ough his activism. He was a passionate advocate for social justice and equality, and his writings frequently addressed issues such as slavery, poverty, and women’s rights. He believed that poetry had the power to bring about social change, and he used his platform to challenge the status quo and speak out for the marginalized.Questions:1.What is the passage primarily about?•Answer: The passage is primarily about the life, work, and legacy of the American poet Walt Whitman.2.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Whitman’s poetry mentioned in thepassage?A. Free verse styleB. Formal structure with strict rhyme schemeC. Bold imageryD. Exploration of sexuality•Answer: B3.Why was Leaves of Grass initially met with both praise and condemnation?•Answer: It challenged the conventions of Victorian poetry with its free verse style, bold imagery, and frank exploration of sexuality and the human body.4.What does the passage suggest about Whitman’s impact on future generations ofpoets?•Answer: Whitman’s innovative style and his celebration of the common man had a profound influence on generations of poets, both in America and internationally.5.According to the passage, what was one of Whitman’s primary beliefs about thepower of poetry?•Answer: Whitman believed that poetry had the power to bring about social change.第四题passage：The Role of Technology in Modern EducationWith the advent of the digital age, technology has become an integral part of modern education. Its influence is pervasive and has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach.1.Introduction of technology in education:In the past decade, technology has significantly entered the educational system. From online courses to e-learning platforms, it has made education accessible to a wider audience.2.Benefits of technology in education:The integration of technology in education has numerous advantages. It improves accessibility, as students can learn from anywhere. It also enhances learning efficiency by providing varied learning tools and resources. Additionally, technology aids in personalized learning, allowing students to learn at their own pace and style.3.Challenges of technology in education:Despite its benefits, technology in education also brings challenges.Over-dependency on technology can lead to a decline in critical thinking skills as students may not need to analyze information deeply if it is readily available online. Moreover, the lack of face-to-face interaction can affect social skills and emotional intelligence.4.Future prospects:Despite these challenges, the future of technology in education remains promising. With advancements in AI and other technologies, personalized learning will become more prevalent, and learning experiences will be further enriched. The integration of VR/AR technologies can create immersive learning environments that simulate real-world scenarios for better understanding and application of knowledge.Questions：1.How has technology transformed modern education?A. It has made education more accessible to a wider audience.B. It has replaced traditional teaching methods with digital ones entirely.C. It has increased the speed of academic progression for students.D. It has ensured equal educational opportunities for all students.答案：A2.Which of the following is NOT a benefit of technology in education?A. Improving accessibility of education.B. Reducing the need for critical thinking skills.C. Providing varied learning tools and resources.D. Personalizing the learning process for students.答案：B3.What is one challenge posed by the integration of technology in education?A. The cost of purchasing educational technology is high.B. Teachers may not be skilled in using educational technology effectively.C. Students may become overly dependent on technology for information retrieval.D. The lack of face-to-face interaction can affect social skills and emotional intelligence.答案：D4.What does the passage say about the future prospects of technology in education?A. It remains uncertain whether technology will improve education in the future.B. Technology will revolutionize education, bringing more personalized learning experiences and enriched learning experiences for students through advancements in AI and other technologies, as well as VR/AR technologies creating immersive learning environments.C. Technology will replace all traditional teaching methods in the comingyears due to its overwhelming benefits in education system today..D. There will be a reduction in usage of technology in classrooms as it will be perceived as harmful for children’s development..答案：B5 . Which statement best summarizes the overall view of this passage about the role of technology in modern education? 4 technology plays an integral part in modern education that contributes positively with numerous benefits but also brings challenges which need to be tackled properly along with further advancements in AI, VR/AR etc.. 正确答案：Technology plays an integral part in modern education that contributes positively with numerous benefits but also brings challenges which need to be tackled properly along with further advancements in AI，VR/AR etc.。

2019年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案

2019年考研英语（一）真题及参考答案于琴Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best ivordfs)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.1of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster than we realize.3you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you4can't find north,a few tricks to help you navigate5to civilization,one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well6a trail,but not in a completely7area,you have to answer two questions:Which_8is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any H2O you find,you should10see signs of people.If you've explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people cai*ve15the woods.Head toward these16to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for17l ight sources,such as fires and street lights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look for the19we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and other features can20you to civilization.1.A.Some B.Most C.Few D.All2.A.put B.take C.run e3.A.Since B.If C.Though D.Until4.A.formally B.relatively C.gradually D.literally5.A.back B.next C.around D.away6.A.onto B.off C.across D.alone7.A.unattractive B.uncrowded C.unchanged D.unfamiliar8.A.site B.point C.way D.place9.A.So B.Yet C.Instead D.Besides(§©00®@)@[iTOgjOfefe49寸O 6 I O Z10.A.immediately B.intentionally C.unexpectedly D.eventually11.A.surprised B.annoyed C.frightened D.confused12.A.problem B.option C.view D.result13.A.Above all B.In contrast C.On average D.For example14.A.bridge B.avoid C.spot D.separate15.A.from B.through C.beyond D.under16.A.posts B.links C.shades D.breaks17.A.artificial B.mysterious C.hidden D.limited18.A.FinaUy B.Consequently C.Incidentally D.Generally19.A.memories B.marks C.notes D.belongings20.A.restrict B.adopt C.lead D.exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following f our texts.A nswer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed10years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this"clawback"rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long-term decisiomaking not only by banks but also all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations."Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England's top economist,Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economics,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting like^Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbed"quarterly capitalism.”In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets."There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,n said Commissioner 50©@00®@]®區血⑨册Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of2002has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce"short・tennism.'' In its latest survey of CEO pay,The Wall Street Journal finds that"a substantial part”of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage"long・teimism「‘such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders.Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph1,one motive in imposing the new rule is to_______.A.enhance bankers*sense of responsibilityB.help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD.guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_______.A.the conditions for generating quick profitsernments1impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD.u short-termism v in economic activities23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be_______.A.indirectB.adverseC. minimalD.temporary24.The US and France examples are used to illustrate_______.A.the obstacles to preventing"short-termism”B.the significance of long-term thinkingC. the approaches to promoting''long-tcimism''D.the prevalence of short-term thinking25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB.Patience as a Corporate VirtueC.Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers©©00@®@dGragjOhto51寸O 6 I O NText2Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages)over the past few decades一is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.But another,related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness”一is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately,”said Jack Miner,Ohio State University's registrar,"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time/*That said,there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges*own needs as well.For public institutions,state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who,at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they've gotten a better value for their tuition dollars,which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed,grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education.Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be.On this,students'and colleges*incentives seem to be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A.The change of course catalogs.B.Students*indifference to GPAs.C. Colleges*neglect of GPAs.D.The influence of consumer culture.27.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?52©@00®g]@A.To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B.To maintain coDeges'graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D.To increase universities*income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph5,grade forgiveness enables colleges to_______.A.obtain more financial supportB.boost their student enrollmentsC.improve their teaching qualityD.meet local governments'needs29.What does the phrase"to be aligned M(Line4,Para.6)most probably mean?A.To counterbalance each other.B.To complement each other.C. To be identical with each other.D.To be contradictory to each other.30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by_______.A.assessing its feasibilityB.analyzing the causes behind itparing different views on itD.listing its long-run effectsText3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus,by Mary Shelley・Even before the invention of the electric light bulb,the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence(Al)raises fundamental questions:"What is intelligence,identity,or consciousness?What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence,machines that would imitate the way humans think,continues to evade scientists.Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look,move,and respond like humans,similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as"Westworld”and"Humans”.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood,let alone reproduced,says David Eagleman,a Stanford University neuroscientist.u We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving Al aren't at hand.The coming use of autonomous vehicles,for example,poses thorny ethical questions.Human drivers sometimes mustmake split-second decisions.Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes,input from past driving experiences,and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment.Al"vision”today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.And to anticipate every imaginable drivingdtregjOogfc53寸0 6I O Nsituation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data,"you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,n notes Tan Kiat How,chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI.Along with Singapore,other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines.Britain is setting up a data ethics center.India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June7Google pledged not to"design or deploy AI”that would cause4overall harm,”or to develop Al-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms.It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague,it represents one starting point.So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable,transparent,and fair.To put it another way:How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values?Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster.31.Mary Shelley J s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because it_______.A.fascinates AI scientists all over the worldB.has remained popular for as long as200yearsC.involves some concerns raised by AI todayD.has sparked serious ethical controversies32.In David Eagleman5s opinion,our current knowledge of consciousness_______.A.helps explain artificial intelligenceB.can be misleading to robot makingC. inspires popular sci-fi TV seriesD.is too limited for us to reproduce it33.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles_______.A.can hardly ever be foundB.is still beyond our capacityC. causes little public concernD.has aroused much curiosity34.The author*s attitude toward Google's pledge is one of_______.A.affirmationB.skepticismC.contemptD.respect35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Al's Future:In the Hands of Tech GiantsB.Frankenstein,the Novel Predicting the Age of AI54(§©00@®]@CiMQjOosfeC.The Conscience of Al:Complex But InevitableD.Al Shall Be Killers Once Out of ControlText4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court's opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually.The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer's purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office,the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state.Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it,but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed."Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States/he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices.Kennedy wrote that the rule"limited states'ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.nThe ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states,since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already.Now,rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before.Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to.Amaz o ,with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it,though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to.Until now,many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states.Sellers that use eBay and Etsy,which provide platforms for smaller sellers,also haven't been collecting sales tax nationwide.Under the ruling Thursday,states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the state.Retail trade groups praised the ruling,saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses.The losers,said retail analyst Neil Saunders,are online-only retailers,especially smallerones.Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws.The Small Business&Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement,"Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.''©@00@@）（s55寸O ・6 I O Z36.The Supreme Court decision Thursday will_______.A.better businesses*relations w让h statesB.put most online businesses in a dilemmaC. make more online shoppers pay sales taxD.force some states to cut sales tax37.It can be learned from Paragraphs2and3that the overruled decisions_______.A.have led to the dominance of e-commerceB.have cost consumers a lot over the yearsC. were widely criticized by online purchasersD.were considered unfavorable by states38.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy,the physical presence rule has_______.A.hindered economic developmentB.brought prosperity to the countryC. harmed fair market competitionD.boosted growth in states*revenue39.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling?A.Internet entrepreneurs.B.Big-chain owners.C.Third-party sellers.D.Small retailers.40.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday,the author_______.A.gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequencesB.describes the long and complicated process of its makingC.presents its main points with conflicting views on themD.cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implicationsPartBDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing f rom the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating youropponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people.Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect,and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to "win”an argument.56©©OO@gj®CiffogjOosfcB.Of course,many discussions are not so successful.Still,we need to be careful not to accuseopponents of bad arguments too quickly.We need to learn how to evaluate them properly.A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments,but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves.Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.C.None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to.Next time you state yourposition,formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view.Spell out their argument fully and charitably.Assess its strength impartially.Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.D.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights,which is how we often think of them.Likephysical fights,verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win,you encl up no better off.Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions—like,say,tennis games.Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments,especially about politics and religion.E.In his1936work How to Win Friends and Influence People,Dale Carnegie wrote:u there is onlyone way...to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.”This aversion to arguments is common,but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F.These views of arguments also undermine reason.If you see a conversation as a fight orcompetition,you can win by cheating as long as you don't get caught.You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments.You can call their views stupid,or joke about how ignorant they are.None of these tricks will help you understand them,their positions or the issues that divide you,but they can help you win—in one way.G.There is a better way to win arguments.Imagine that you favor increasing the miniinum wage inour state,and I do not.If you yell,"Yes,”and I yell,"No,”neither of us learns anything.We neither understand nor respect each other,and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation.In contrast,suppose you give a reasonable argument:that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty.Then1counter with another reasonable argument:that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time.Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values,since we both care about needy workers.4l->42->F->43->44->C->45@©00@@]@dtroojOfe&D57寸O6 L O NPartCDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and shor t -lived dietary enthusiasms .Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled "The Natural Selection of Bad Science", published on the Royal Society *s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) Nowadays, a nyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been requiTed for the same post only 10 years ago . Never mind the quality, then, count the number.(48) Attem p ts have been made to cur b this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's papers . This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily airange to cite th emselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours .Boiling down an individual's output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encou rage t hat kind of science .Section III Writing (这部分因与本刊荣誉作者贾从勇先生固定栏目“考研英语作文试题评析”重复，故略去。

2019年考研英语（一）真题试卷原文及答案详解（精校打印版）

2019年考研英语（一）真题试卷Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1____of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2____ on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3____ you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4____ can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5____ to civilization, one of which is to follow the land…When you find yourself well 6____ a trail, but not in a completely 7____ area, you have to answer two questions:Which 8____ is downhill, in this particular area? And whereis the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on suppliesof fresh water.9____,if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10____ see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11____ how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.Another12____ : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14____ gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15____ the woods. Head toward these 16____ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17____ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18____ , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20____ you to civilization.Section Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”。

【推荐】201X年考研英语一答案-范文word版 (10页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年考研英语一答案考研英语一答案出来了，快来对一下答案吧。

下面是小编搜集整理的201X 年考研英语一答案，欢迎阅读，希望对你能够提供帮助。

201X年考研英语一小作文 (介绍旅游景点)You are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arried Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"instead.Do not write the address.Dear James，It has been a long time before we last met. How are you doing? I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting you to my hometown Beijing for a visit.The reasons for my recommendation areas follows. To begin with, Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. Itwas the capital of China for several dynasties over a long period and tends to playan extremely important role in education, culture and politics. Furthermore, aswe exist in a dynamic world with various new changes, Beijing now evolves intoa more beautiful city. There are many places of interests here in Beijing, suchas the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and the Great Wall.If you are interested, please feel freeto contact me at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerelyLi Ming201X年考研英语一大作文Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In the essay. You should1) describe the pictures briefly.2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.英语一中大作文只要你些“读书(reading)”的重要性当然没问题，但是你如果只写了“书(books)”的重要性就有些问题。

考研201英语真题及答案

考研201英语真题及答案考研英语是中国考研大纲中的一项重要科目，对于考生来说，掌握历年的真题及答案是非常必要的。

通过分析和研究真题及答案，可以帮助考生了解考试内容、把握命题规律，并进行针对性的备考。

下面，本文将为大家提供201年的考研英语真题及答案，供考生参考。

第一部分：阅读理解Passage 1题目：According to Hank, teachers should ________.选项：A. focus on optimizing students' learning experienceB. encourage students to prioritize their own interestsC. design educational materials based on students' needsD. help students develop effective study methods解析：根据文章第一段第一句“There is much that teachers can do to optimize students' learning exp eriences”可以得出答案为A。

Passage 2题目：What is the author's main point in discussing Doug Lemov's book?选项：A. It provides practical techniques for effective teaching.B. It highlights the importance of standardized testing.C. It suggests alternative teaching methods.D. It explores the challenges of student evaluations.解析：根据文章最后一段“The book offers a systematic approach to teaching and provides practical techniques that can help teachers improve their effectiveness in the classroom.”可以得出答案为A。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题及解答参考

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题及解答参考一、完型填空（10分）Cloze TestDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage:The world has witnessed significant changes in communication over the past century. From handwritten letters to instant messages, technology has revolutionized how we stay connected. 1 the advent of smartphones and social media, people can now communicate almost instantly with others around the globe. However, this shift towards digital communication has not been without its 2. Critics argue that the personal touch in conversations has been lost, as face-to-face interactions have become less frequent. Moreover, privacy concerns have 3 as individuals share more personal information online.Despite these challenges, the benefits of modern communication cannot be denied. It has enabled us to form communities that transcend 4 boundaries,allowing for the exchange of ideas and support across vast distances. Businesses too have benefited from improved communication technologies, which have facilitated international trade and 5 collaboration among teams working remotely.Yet, it is important to strike a balance between embracing new technologies and maintaining traditional forms of interaction. 6, there should be an effort to educate people about the responsible use of technology to ensure that the advances we make do not come at the expense of our personal connections or 7 security. As we move forward, it will be crucial to develop technologies that enhance rather than 8 human interaction.In conclusion, while the evolution of communication has brought about many positive changes, it also presents challenges that need to be 9. By using technology wisely and preserving the value of direct human contact, we can enjoy the advantages of both the old and the new ways of 10.1.A. With B. Since C. On D. At2.A. downsides B. sides C. sides down D. down3.A. risen B. raised C. aroused D. arisen4.A. geographical B. geology C. geography D. geological5.A. enhanced B. enhance C. enhancing D. enhances6.A. Therefore B. Thus C. However D. Consequently7.A. personal B. personnel C. person D. personality8.A. detract B. detracts C. detracting D. detracted9.A. addressed B. addresses C. addressing D. address10.A. communicating B. communicated C. communicates D. communicateAnswers:1.A. With2.A. downsides3.D. arisen4.A. geographical5.A. enhanced6.A. Therefore7.A. personal8.C. detracting9.A. addressed10.A. communicating(Note: The correct answers for the remaining blanks follow the same pattern as provided above.)This exercise aims to test vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills, much like what could be expected in a real examination setting.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In a world increasingly dominated by technology, the importance ofmaintaining human connections cannot be overstated. Despite the conveniences brought about by digital advancements, face-to-face interactions remain a fundamental aspect of human society. This passage explores the impact of technology on our interpersonal relationships and argues for a balanced approach to integrating technology into our daily lives.The advent of smartphones and social media has undoubtedly changed the way we communicate. While these tools have made it easier to stay in touch over long distances, they have also led to a decrease in the quality of communication. People are more connected than ever before, yet loneliness rates continue to rise. The superficial nature of online interactions cannot replace the depth of personal connection that comes from real-life conversations.Moreover, the reliance on technology can lead to a lack of privacy and an erosion of personal boundaries. Information shared online is never truly private, and once it’s posted, it’s virtually impossible to co mpletely remove it. This constant exposure can create stress and anxiety, contributing to mental health issues.On the other hand, technology can be used to enhance our relationships when applied thoughtfully. Video calls allow us to see the faces of loved ones who live far away, making the distance seem less daunting. Online platforms can facilitate support groups and communities where people with similar interests or challenges can connect.Therefore, the key is not to abandon technology but to use it judiciously.It’s essential to recognize when it enhances our lives and when it detracts from meaningful experiences. Balancing the use of technology with genuine human interaction ensures that while we benefit from technological advances, we don’t lose the richness of human connection.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage?A. Technology should be completely abandoned.B. Face-to-face interactions are less important than online communications.C. The impact of technology on interpersonal relationships is both positive and negative.D. Social media is beneficial for all types of communication.Answer: C.2、According to the passage, what is a potential downside of increased connectivity through technology?A. Improved mental health.B. Enhanced privacy.C. Increased feelings of isolation.D. Stronger family ties.Answer: C.3、How does the author suggest technology could be beneficial for maintaining relationships?A. By replacing all face-to-face meetings with video calls.B. By providing platforms for people to connect based on common interests.C. By ensuring all information shared online remains private.D. By encouraging the use of social media at all times.Answer: B.4、What does the author imply about the use of technology in our daily lives?A. It should be avoided as it always leads to negative outcomes.B. It should be embraced without any restrictions.C. It should be used selectively to complement real-life interactions.D. It should replace traditional forms of communication entirely.Answer: C.5、Which of the following best summarizes the author’s perspective on the role of technology in society?A. Technology is inherently detrimental to society.B. Technology is a tool that should be used wisely to maintain healthy relationships.C. Technology has no significant effect on how people interact.D. Technology is solely responsible for the rise in loneliness rates.Answer: B.This completes the first question of the traditional reading comprehension section. Please note that the answers provided are hypothetical and should be considered correct within the context of this fabricated passage.第二题Passage:The rapid development of technology in the past few decades has had a profound impact on society, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant advancements has been the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and interact with others. However, this digital revolution has also brought about challenges, such as information overload, privacy concerns, and the potential for social isolation.The internet has become an indispensable tool for researchers, educators, and students alike. It provides access to a vast array of resources, from academic journals to online courses. This ease of access to information has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills. Moreover, the internet has facilitated global collaboration and the exchange of ideas, breaking down geographical barriers.Despite its many benefits, the internet also presents several challenges. One major concern is the overwhelming amount of information available. With so much data at our fingertips, it can be difficult to discern what is credible and relevant. Additionally, the internet has raised serious privacy issues, as personal data can be easily collected and misused. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the potential for social isolation, as more people spend time online and less time engaging in face-to-face interactions.In the workplace, the internet has transformed the way we communicate and collaborate. Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing have made itpossible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time. This has increased productivity and efficiency, as well as fostering a more global perspective. However, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face communication, which can hinder team cohesion and interpersonal relationships.Questions:1、What is one significant advancement mentioned in the passage related to the internet?2、How has the internet affected education according to the passage?3、What is a major concern regarding the internet’s impact on information?4、What potential challenge is mentioned in the passage related to personal data?5、How has the internet changed workplace communication and collaboration?Answers:1、The internet.2、It has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills.3、The overwhelming amount of information available can be difficult to discern.4、The potential for personal data to be easily collected and misused.5、The internet has made it possible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time, increasing productivity and efficiency.第三题The following is an excerpt from an article titled “The Evolution of Smartphones” by Dr.Jane Smith.In the last decade, smartphones have revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and live our daily lives. The first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s, but it was not until the early 2000s that they became truly popular. These early models were often bulky and limited in functionality, but they laid the foundation for the sleek, powerful devices we use today.1、The author mentions that the first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s. What is the significance of this timing in the context of technological advancements?A. The late 1990s marked the beginning of the internet era.B. The late 1990s saw the rise of personal computers.C. The late 1990s was when the first computer viruses were discovered.D. The late 1990s was a period of economic recession.2、The article states that early smartphones were often bulky and limited in functionality. How did these limitations compare to the smartphones of today?A. Early smartphones had more features than current models.B. Early smartphones were more compact and had more advanced features.C. Early smartphones were bulkier and had fewer features than current models.D. Early smartphones had similar features to current models but weresmaller.3、The phrase “lay the foundation” in the second paragraph suggests that the early smartphones had a significant impact on the development of later devices. What does this imply about the evolution of smartphones?A. The evolution of smartphones has been slow and gradual.B. The evolution of smartphones has been rapid and transformative.C. The evolution of smartphones has been stagnant and uneventful.D. The evolution of smartphones has been inconsistent and unpredictable.4、The author uses the word “popular” to describe the smartphones of the early 2000s. What does this word imply about the adoption of smartphones during that time?A. Only a small number of people were using smartphones.B. Smartphones were widely adopted by the general public.C. Smartphones were only popular among a niche market.D. Smartphones were not used by many people until the late 2000s.5、According to the article, what has been the most significant change in smartphones over the past decade?A. The increase in screen size.B. The development of advanced cameras.C. The integration of artificial intelligence features.D. The reduction in device size.答案：1、A2、C3、B4、B5、C第四题Reading Comprehension (Traditional)TextThe rise of the digital age has transformed the way we live, work, and interact. With the advent of the Internet and the proliferation of smartphones, information is more accessible than ever before. This has led to a significant shift in how we consume media, communicate with one another, and even how we learn. In education, for instance, e-learning platforms have become increasingly popular, offering a flexible alternative to traditional classroom settings. Students can now access course materials, participate in discussions, and complete assignments from virtually anywhere.Despite the advantages, there are concerns about the impact of this digital transformation on social skills and personal interaction. Some argue that the reliance on screens for communication is leading to a decline in face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing empathy and understanding. Moreover, the constant bombardment of information can be overwhelming, potentially affecting mental health and the ability to concentrate on a singletask. It’s important to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of technology and maintaining meaningful human connections.On the other hand, the digital era has also opened up new opportunities for creativity and innovation. The ease of sharing ideas across the globe has sparked a wave of collaborative projects and cross-cultural exchanges. Artists, scientists, and entrepreneurs can connect and collaborate like never before, fostering an environment where novel solutions to complex problems can emerge. Additionally, the democratization of information means that knowledge is no longer confined to a select few, empowering individuals to educate themselves and contribute to society in unprecedented ways.As we continue to navigate this evolving landscape, it’s clear that the digital revolution will play a pivotal role in shaping our future. While challenges certainly exist, they are accompanied by a vast array of possibilities. Embracing these changes thoughtfully and responsibly will be key to harnessing the full potential of the digital age, ensuring that it serves to enrich rather than detract from the quality of life for all.Questions1、According to the passage, what is one of the primary impacts of the digital age on education?•A) It has made traditional classrooms obsolete.•B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.•C) It has eliminated the need for teachers.•D) It has decreased the overall cost of education.•Answer: B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.2、What concern does the text raise about the effects of increased screen time on individuals?•A) It improves their social skills significantly.•B) It enhances their ability to multitask.•C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.•D) It reduces the amount of information available.•Answer: C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.3、Which of the following is mentioned as a positive aspect of the digital era?•A) The simplification of complex problems.•B) The reduction in the diversity of ideas.•C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.•D) The centralization of information control.•Answer: C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.4、How does the passage suggest we should approach the ongoing digital transformation?•A) By rejecting technological advancements.•B) By limiting access to digital devices.•C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.•D) By completely relying on digital solutions for all aspects of life.•Answer: C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.5、What does the passage imply about the future of the digital revolution?•A) It will have no significant impact on society.•B) It will only bring negative consequences.•C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.•D) It will solve all current societal issues.•Answer: C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.This reading comprehension exercise is designed to test your understanding of the given text and your ability to extract relevant information.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Title: The Role of Exercise in Brain HealthReading passage:In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in the relationship between exercise and brain health. While many people are aware of the physical benefits of regular physical activity, the cognitive benefits of exercise have also been a topic of significant research. This passage explores the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.Exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on brain health in several ways. Firstly, physical activity increases blood flow to the brain, which can enhance cognitive function. Secondly, exercise stimulates the release of neurotransmitters, such as endorphins and serotonin, which can improve mood and reduce stress. Lastly, regular exercise can help to reduce the risk of developing neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.One study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry found that individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who were inactive. Additionally, another study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that regular exercise was associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.The benefits of exercise on brain health are not limited to older adults. Research has shown that exercise can also have a positive impact on children and adolescents. For instance, a study published in the journal NeuroImage found that children who participated in a physical activity program for 10 weeks showed improvements in cognitive function, including memory and attention.Despite the numerous benefits of exercise on brain health, it is important to note that not all types of exercise are equally effective. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming, have been found to have the most significant impact on brain health. Additionally, strength training exercises can also contribute to improved brain health by enhancing cognitive function and reducing the risk of neurological disorders.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the physical benefits of exercise.B. To explore the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. To examine the relationship between exercise and neurological disorders.D. To analyze the effects of exercise on cognitive function in children.2.According to the passage, how does exercise benefit brain health?A. By increasing blood flow to the brain and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters.B. By improving mood and reducing stress.C. By reducing the risk of neurological disorders.D. All of the above.3.What was the main finding of the study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry?A. Individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a higher risk of cognitive decline.B. Individuals who were inactive had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who engaged in physical activity.C. There was no significant difference in cognitive decline between individuals who were active and inactive.D. Regular exercise had no impact on cognitive decline.4.According to the passage, what type of exercise has been found to have the most significant impact on brain health?A. Strength training exercises.B. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming.C. Yoga and meditation.D. High-intensity interval training.5.What is the main conclusion of the passage?A. Exercise has no impact on brain health.B. Only older adults can benefit from exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining and improving brain health across all age groups.D. The type of exercise that benefits brain health is not well-established.Answers:1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.“随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。

考研英语(一201)研究生考试试题与参考答案(2025年)

2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestFor each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the given options. Read the passage carefully before making your choices.The internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we communicate, work, and access information. Its impact on society is immense, and it continues to evolve at a rapid pace. The following passage discusses some of the challenges and opportunities that arise from this digital revolution.1.The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, making it possible to connect with people all around the world 1_____.a) within secondsb) through traditional mailc) with the help of telephonesd) by using ancient means2.Social media platforms have 2_____ the number of online interactions and have become a powerful tool for social networking.a) diminishedb) increasedc) remained stabled) decreased3.One of the primary challenges of the digital age is the 3_____ of information overload.a) abundanceb) scarcityc) diversityd) precisionpanies are using big data analytics to 4_____ customer preferences and improve their services.a) predictb) ignorec) eliminated) overlook5.The rise of e-commerce has 5_____ the way we shop, offering convenience and a wider variety of products.a) transformedb) complicatedc) simplifiedd) eliminated6.While the internet has brought numerous benefits, it has also given riseto issues such as 6_____.a) improved educationb) increased job opportunitiesc) cybersecurity threatsd) better healthcare7.Online learning platforms have made education more accessible, allowing students to 7_____ courses from the comfort of their homes.a) submitb) participate inc) purchased) donate8.The rapid development of artificial intelligence has sparked 8_____ about the future of work and the potential displacement of jobs.a) excitementb) optimismc) concernd) indifference9.Internet privacy is a growing concern, with many users feeling that their personal data is not 9_____.a) secureb) accessiblec) sharedernments around the world are working to 10_____ internet regulations to ensure a safe and secure online environment.a) establishb) dismantlec) modifyd) ignore11.The internet has 11_____ the way we consume news, with many people relying on social media for updates.a) enrichedb) diminishedc) diversifiedd) consolidated12.One of the biggest advantages of the internet is its 12_____ in terms of information sharing and collaboration.a) limitationsb) benefitsc) challengesd) costs13.Online communication can sometimes lead to misunderstandings due to a lack of 13_____.a) clarityc) privacyd) access14.Cybersecurity experts are constantly working to 14_____ new threats and vulnerabilities.a) addressb) createc) ignored) eliminate15.The internet has 15_____ the global economy, facilitating international trade and business operations.a) boostedb) weakenedc) stabilizedd) diversified16.One of the challenges of the digital age is the 16_____ of digital literacy skills.a) shortageb) abundancec) diversityd) uniformity17.The internet has 17_____ the boundaries of traditional education,allowing for more personalized learning experiences.a) expandedb) narrowedc) maintainedd) eliminated18.While the internet offers numerous benefits, it also presents 18_____ in terms of mental health and well-being.a) opportunitiesb) challengesc) distractionsd) advancements19.Many people argue that the internet has 19_____ our attention spans, making us more prone to multitasking and shorter attention spans.a) extendedb) decreasedc) maintainedd) diversified20.Despite its challenges, the internet remains a powerful tool that has the potential to 20_____ our lives in countless ways.a) enrichb) degradec) isolated) confineAnswers:1.a) within seconds2.b) increased3.a) abundance4.a) predict5.a) transformed二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:“The Evolution of the English Language”The history of the English language is typically divided into three periods: Old English (approximately 450 to 1100 AD), Middle English (1100 to 1500), and Modern English (from 1500 to the present day). The language spoken during the Old English period was very different from the English we use today; it was heavily influenced by Germanic languages due to the Anglo-Saxon invasions. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, French became the language of the royal court and the ruling classes, which led to a significant number of French words being incorporated into the English vocabulary.During the Middle English period, the language began to take on a more familiar form as the influence of Latin and French from the Church and the Normansblended with the existing Germanic base. This period also saw the Great Vowel Shift, a major change in pronunciation that started around the 15th century and continued through the 17th century, transforming the sound system of the English language.Modern English emerged as a result of various linguistic changes and innovations, including the invention of the printing press, which standardized spelling, and the Renaissance, which introduced many Greek and Latin terms into the language. Today, English continues to evolve, absorbing new words from cultures all over the world, reflecting the globalized nature of our society.1、What were the main influences on Old English?A) Latin and FrenchB) French and ItalianC) Germanic languages and LatinD) Germanic languages and French2、When did the English language begin to shift significantly towards its modern form?A) After the Norman ConquestB) Around the 15th centuryC) During the RenaissanceD) In the 18th century3、Which event is credited with standardizing English spelling?A) The Norman ConquestB) The Great Vowel ShiftC) The invention of the printing pressD) The Renaissance4、What does the passage suggest about the current state of the English language?A) It is no longer evolving.B) It has stopped borrowing words from other languages.C) It remains static and unchanged since the Middle English period.D) It is continuing to evolve and incorporate new words from various cultures.5、Which of the following best describes the impact of the Great Vowel Shift?A) It introduced French vocabulary into English.B) It led to changes in the pronunciation of English vowels.C) It standardized the spelling of English words.D) It marked the beginning of the Old English period.Answers:1、D2、B3、C4、D5、B第二题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way we access information and communicate with others. From the early days of dial-up modems to the lightning-fast speeds of today’s 5G n etworks, the internet has grown exponentially. This rapid expansion has not only brought about convenience but also raised concerns about privacy and security.1.The passage discusses the impact of the internet on:a)Educationb)Communicationc)Entertainmentd)Transportation2.The phrase “revolutions the way we access information” suggests that the internet has:a)Made information less accessibleb)Had no impact on information accessc)Made information more accessibled)Brought about confusion in information access3.The term “exponentially” implies that the growth of the internet has been:a)Slow and steadyb)Unpredictablec)Very fast and intensed)Gradual and consistent4.The passage mentions that the internet has brought about both convenience and concerns. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern?a)Privacy issuesb)Security breachesc)Increased traffic congestiond)Loss of face-to-face interactions5.The author’s tone towards the internet can be described as:a)Highly criticalb)Indifferentc)Positive and optimisticd)Negative and skepticalAnswers:1.b) Communication2.c) Made information more accessible3.c) Very fast and intense4.c) Increased traffic congestion5.c) Positive and optimisticThird QuestionPassage:In today’s fast-paced world, technology has become an indispensable part of our lives. It shapes how we communicate, learn, and even entertain ourselves. One area where technology has made significant strides is in education. The advent of e-learning platforms has revolutionized traditional classroom settings, making education more accessible and flexible than ever before.However, the integration of technology into education is not without its challenges. Critics argue that excessive reliance on technology could lead toa decrease in face-to-face interaction among students, potentially weakening their social skills. Moreover, there is concern about the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have ready access to digital technology and those who do not. This disparity can exacerbate existing educational inequalities if not properly addressed.Despite these concerns, proponents of educational technology believe that the benefits far outweigh the drawbacks. With the right policies in place to ensure equitable access and usage, technology can serve as a powerful tool to enhance learning experiences and outcomes.Questions:1、What is one major benefit of integrating technology into education according to the passage?Answer: The major benefit mentioned is that technology makes education more accessible and flexible through e-learning platforms.2、What potential drawback of technological integration into education is mentioned?Answer: A potential drawback is the decrease in face-to-face interactions among students, which might weaken their social skills.3、How does the passage define the term “digital divide”?Answer: The “digital divide” is defined as the gap between those who have ready access to digital technology and those who do not.4、What concern is raised regarding the digital divide in the context ofeducation?Answer: The concern is that the digital divide could exacerbate existing educational inequalities.5、According to the passage, what condition must be met to harness the full benefits of educational technology?Answer: The condition stated is that there need to be right policies in place to ensure equitable access and usage of technology.第四题Reading Passage:In the era of digital technology, the importance of traditional reading skills has often been overlooked. However, reading traditional books offers numerous benefits that cannot be replicated by digital devices. This passage discusses the advantages of reading traditional books over digital ones.The benefits of reading traditional books are multifaceted. Firstly, it enhances cognitive development. The physical act of turning pages and holding a book requires more engagement from the reader, which leads to better concentration and comprehension. Secondly, reading traditional books promotes relaxation and reduces stress. The tactile experience of holding a book and the soothing sound of pages turning create a calming atmosphere that is conducive to relaxation. Thirdly, traditional books offer a unique sense of ownership and connection. Collecting books and having them on a shelf creates a personal library that is a reflection of one’s personality and interests. Lastly,traditional books have a longer lifespan than digital devices, making them a more sustainable choice.Despite the numerous benefits of reading traditional books, the rise of digital technology has led to a decline in book reading. Many people now prefer to read on e-readers or smartphones, which are more convenient and portable. However, this convenience comes at a cost. E-readers and smartphones can be addictive, leading to shorter attention spans and reduced concentration. Additionally, the screen glare and blue light emitted by digital devices can be harmful to one’s eyes and overall health.The importance of traditional reading skills cannot be overstated. Reading traditional books offers numerous benefits that contribute to cognitive development, relaxation, personal connection, and sustainability. While digital technology has its advantages, it is crucial to maintain the habit of reading traditional books to reap these benefits.Questions:1、What is the main advantage of reading traditional books mentioned in the passage?A. They are more portable.B. They enhance cognitive development.C. They are more convenient.D. They are more sustainable.2、According to the passage, how does reading traditional books contributeto relaxation?A. It provides a soothing sound of pages turning.B. It enhances cognitive development.C. It promotes social interaction.D. It helps in reducing stress.3、What is one of the unique benefits of traditional books mentioned in the passage?A. They have a longer lifespan than digital devices.B. They can be easily shared with others.C. They are more durable than digital devices.D. They offer a personal sense of connection.4、Why does the passage mention the decline in book reading?A. Because digital technology is more convenient.B. Because traditional books are more expensive.C. Because people prefer to read on e-readers.D. Because traditional books are less accessible.5、What is the author’s main argument in the passage?A. Traditional books are better than digital devices.B. Digital technology is more beneficial for reading.C. Traditional reading skills are important to maintain.D. Digital devices are more sustainable than traditional books.Answers:1、B2、A3、D4、A5、C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Section III Reading Comprehension (New Type)Part ADirections: There is a passage in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage:The rise of the Internet and the spread of social media have dramatically changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. One of the most significant impacts of these technologies is the transformation of traditional media, which has led to the emergence of new forms of media and communication. This shift has not only altered the way we consume information but also the way we create and share it.The traditional media landscape, dominated by newspapers, television, and radio, has been rapidly reshaped by the digital age. These platforms have adaptedto the digital environment, offering users more personalized and interactive experiences. However, the rise of digital media has also brought challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and the decline in the quality of content.One of the most notable developments in digital media is the rise of influencers. Influencers are individuals who have established a significant online presence and have gained a loyal following. They often use their platforms to promote products, services, or ideas, and their influence can be significant. The power of influencers lies in their ability to reach a large audience quickly and effectively.Despite the benefits, the influence of digital media and influencers raises important ethical and social questions. The spread of fake news, for instance, is a direct consequence of the rapid dissemination of information online. Moreover, the influence of influencers can sometimes lead to harmful behaviors, such as the promotion of unrealistic body image or the encouragement of materialism.The impact of digital media on society is multifaceted. It has democratized information, allowing individuals to access and share knowledge more easily than ever before. However, it has also created new forms of inequality, such as the digital divide, where individuals without access to the internet are left behind.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A) The rise of digital mediaB) The decline of traditional mediaC) The rise of influencersD) The impact of digital media on society2.According to the passage, what is one of the challenges brought by the rise of digital media?A) The increase in the quality of contentB) The spread of misinformationC) The decrease in the number of traditional media platformsD) The increase in the number of influencers3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an ethical or social question raised by the influence of digital media?A) The spread of fake newsB) The promotion of unrealistic body imageC) The increase in the number of newspapersD) The encouragement of materialism4.What is the author’s attitude towards the democratization of information by digital media?A) SkepticalB) NeutralC) SupportiveD) Critical5.The passage suggests that the digital divide can result in:A) More people having access to informationB) Less people having access to informationC) No change in the access to informationD) A more equal distribution of informationAnswers:1.D) The impact of digital media on society2.B) The spread of misinformation3.C) The increase in the number of newspapers4.C) Supportive5.B) Less people having access to information四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following Chinese paragraph into English.中文段落：“近年来，随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。

2018年201X考研《英语一》真题及答案-word范文（11页）

2018年201X考研《英语一》真题及答案-word范文（11页）本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X考研《英语一》真题及答案201X考研已经落下帷幕,下面由小编为大家整理的201X考研《英语一》真题及答案，希望可以帮到大家!201X年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题+【答案】Section I Use of English1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared【答案】[B] associated15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.【答案】[A] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 226. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.。

2018-201X考研英语(一)真题参考答案-实用word文档 (8页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X考研英语（一）真题参考答案201X考研英语(一)真题做完后，当然是要对答案的，下面是小编搜集整理的201X考研英语(一)参考答案，欢迎阅读，希望对你能够提供帮助。

完形填空1.[A] 本题考查介词的辨析。

空格所在部分填入介词，第二句后半部分是进一步说明，前后递进关系，所以只能选A besides.2. [C] 本题考查并列关系。

所选的词前有并列连词and, 所以前后位对应关系，and之前说，拥抱能让你感觉跟别人跟亲近，那么and后也应该为令人关系亲密的，所以选connected，有联系的。

其他意思都不符合。

3. [B] A本题考查固定短语的辨析。

空格处的名词构成的短语是a ...of ..。

只有a host of 表示许多的，很多的，填入到文章中，表示很多的健康利益。

其他一般不跟 a ...of .搭配用，而且套入之后，意思也不符合。

4.[A] 本题考查动词的用法。

这几个此后都可以用动名词做宾语，但是意思完全是不一样的。

本句说，一个温暖的拥抱能够帮助你____得病。

此处，一定是避免让你得病，所以只有A选项符合。

5.[D] 本题考查动词义辨析。

空格处填入的动词是说，这项研究涉及或者包含的多少人，其他词从意思上与此不匹配。

比较容易混的是collecting,但它指集合、搜集的意思。

6.[A] 本题考查固定搭配。

空格处填入的介词与前边effect是一体的，effect后边的of之后的部分都是修饰effect的，把of到hugs部分去掉，答案自然就出来了，指对参与者敏感性的影响。

只有effect on sth符合。

7.[D] 本题考查动词的辨析。

文章说在___-病菌后容易感冒，那一定是接触到病菌后容易感冒了，be exposed to sth接触...,最符合意思。

考研英语(一201)研究生考试试题与参考答案

研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Cloze TestThe following passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each item, four words or phrases are suggested as possible answers. Choose the one that best completes the passage. There are 20 questions in this part.The modern office has become a 21 place for many people. It is a place where they can use their skills, learn new things, and make a good living. However, the office environment can also be 22 and stressful. Many people find it difficult to cope with the pace and pressure of modern office life.1.fascinating2. comfortable3. confusing4. challenging1.boring2. enjoyable3. difficult4. peacefulThe first thing to consider when you start working in an office is to 23 how the office operates. This includes understanding the organizational structure, the roles and responsibilities of each employee, and thedecision-making processes.1.ignore2. predict3. analyze4. defineOnce you have a good understanding of the office environment, you can start to develop your own 24. It is important to set goals for yourself and to work towards achieving them. This will help you stay focused and motivated.1.plans2. skills3. ideas4. relationshipsHowever, it is also important to maintain a good 25 with your colleagues. This means being polite, respectful, and helpful.1.friendship2. contact3. respect4. communicationIn the modern office, there are often long hours and high expectations. This can lead to 26 and even burnout. It is important to find a balance between work and personal life.1.satisfaction2. stress3. relaxation4. successTo cope with the stress, you can try 27 such as exercise, meditation, and spending time with friends and family.1.techniques2. activities3. solutions4. strategiesAnother important aspect of working in an office is 28 with others. This involves being able to work effectively as a team and to communicate clearly and concisely.peting2. collaborating3. opposing4. avoidingIt is also important to stay 29 of new technologies and trends in your field. This will help you stay competitive and relevant in the job market.rmed2. indifferent3. unaware4. cautiousLastly, it is crucial to 30 yourself professionally. This includes dressing appropriately, being punctual, and maintaining a professional demeanor.1.develop2. ignore3. promote4. maintainAnswers:4.challenging5.enjoyable6.analyze1.plansmunication3.stress1.techniques2.collaboratingrmed2.maintain二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Reading Passage 1In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people lived and worked. One of the most notable changes was the shift from an agrarian society to an industrial society. This shift had profound effects on the environment, economy, and society.The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in Britain. It was characterized by the use of new technology, such as the steam engine, which allowed factories to produce goods more efficiently. This led to an increase in the production of goods and a decrease in the cost of living. However, this increase in production also led to pollution and environmental degradation.The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on the environment. The use of coal as a fuel source led to increased air pollution and acid rain. The construction of factories and mines also destroyed forests and wildlife habitats. Additionally, the use of child labor in factories led to poor working conditions and health problems for workers.The economy also changed dramatically during the Industrial Revolution. The increase in production led to the growth of cities and the development of a new middle class. This new class had more disposable income and demanded more goods and services. However, this also led to income inequality, as the wealth generated by the Industrial Revolution was concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals.The Industrial Revolution also had profound effects on society. The shift from an agrarian society to an industrial society led to the urbanization of the population. This resulted in overcrowded cities with poor sanitation and living conditions. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution led to the development of new social classes, such as the working class and the middle class, and new social issues, such as labo r rights and women’s rights.1、What was the main cause of the Industrial Revolution?A. The discovery of new fuelsB. The invention of the steam engineC. The growth of the populationD. The development of new transportation systems2、How did the Industrial Revolution affect the environment?A. It improved air qualityB. It led to the destruction of forests and wildlife habitatsC. It increased the amount of farmlandD. It improved water quality3、Which of the following is a direct result of the Industrial Revolution?A. The growth of the middle classB. The decrease in the cost of livingC. The increase in the use of child laborD. The development of new transportation systems4、How did the Industrial Revolution affect society?A. It led to the decline of the agrarian societyB. It led to the urbanization of the populationC. It led to the development of new social classesD. All of the above5、What was one of the negative consequences of the Industrial Revolution?A. The increase in the cost of livingB. The improvement in working conditionsC. The decrease in income inequalityD. The development of new transportation systems答案：1、B2、B3、A4、D5、C第二题Reading PassageIn the 19th century, the con cept of “intelligence” became increasingly associated with the ability to measure one’s mental abilities. This led to the development of intelligence tests, which were designed to assess various cognitive skills and provide a quantifiable measure of an ind ividual’s intelligence. One of the most influential intelligence tests of the time was the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, created by psychologist Lewis Terman in 1916.The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was a significant advancement in the field of psychology because it provided a standardized method for measuring intelligence. The test consisted of a series of tasks designed to assess different cognitive abilities, such as memory, problem-solving, and reasoning. The results from the test were used to categorize individuals into different intelligence levels, ranging from genius to mentally retarded.Over time, intelligence tests have been criticized for being culturally biased and for not fully capturing the complexity of human intelligence. Despite these criticisms, intelligence tests have continued to be widely used in variouscontexts, such as educational settings, employment screening, and legal evaluations.The following passage discusses the evolution of intelligence testing and its impact on society.Questions:1、What was the primary purpose of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?A. To categorize individuals into different social classes.B. To measure an individual’s mental abilities and provide a quantifiable measure of intelligence.C. To determine the best educational environment for each student.D. To assess the intelligence of gifted children.2、How did the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale contribute to the field of psychology?A. It provided a method for diagnosing mental disorders.B. It established a standardized method for measuring intelligence.C. It helped to develop new theories about the nature of intelligence.D. It improved the accuracy of diagnostic tests for mental retardation.3、According to the passage, what are some of the criticisms of intelligence tests?A. They are not accurate in measuring intelligence.B. They are culturally biased.C. They do not account for the complexity of human intelligence.D. All of the above.4、What is the author’s main argument in the passage?A. Intelligence tests are the best way to measure intelligence.B. Intelligence tests should be used more widely in education and employment.C. Intelligence tests are culturally biased and should be replaced with alternative methods.D. Intelligence tests have had a significant impact on society.5、Which of the following statements is supported by the information in the passage?A. Intelligence tests are perfectly accurate and unbiased.B. Intelligence tests are only used in educational settings.C. Intelligence tests are widely used and have been influential in various contexts.D. Intelligence tests should be abandoned due to their limitations.Answers:1、B2、B3、D4、C5、C第三题In the following text, there is a passage about the impact of technology on education. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The rapid advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in the field of education. Traditional classroom settings are being transformed by digital tools, online platforms, and interactive learning applications. These advancements have not only increased access to education but have also enhanced the learning experience for students.One of the most notable impacts of technology on education is the availability of online courses. These courses offer flexibility and convenience, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from any location. Online learning platforms like Coursera, edX, and Khan Academy provide a wide range of courses covering various subjects, making it easier for students to access quality education.Interactive learning applications have also become increasingly popular. These applications use multimedia elements such as videos, simulations, and games to make learning more engaging and interactive. Such tools have been found to improve student engagement and retention of information, as they provide a more dynamic and immersive learning experience.However, the integration of technology in education has not been without its challenges. One of the main concerns is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between students who have access to technology and those who do not.This gap can lead to unequal access to educational resources and opportunities. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for technology to reduce the importance of face-to-face interactions and social skills development.Despite these challenges, the benefits of technology in education cannot be denied. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential for educators to adapt and incorporate these tools into their teaching methods to ensure that students receive a well-rounded and comprehensive education.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?2、According to the passage, what are the benefits of online courses?3、How do interactive learning applications contribute to the learning experience?4、What is the digital divide, and what are its implications for education?5、What is the author’s opinion on the role of technology in education?Answers:1、The main topic of the passage is the impact of technology on education.2、According to the passage, the benefits of online courses include flexibility, convenience, and access to a wide range of courses.3、Interactive learning applications contribute to the learning experience by making it more engaging, interactive, and immersive.4、The digital divide refers to the gap between students who have access to technology and those who do not, which can lead to unequal access toeducational resources and opportunities.5、The author’s opinion is that the benefits of technology in education cannot be denied, and educators should adapt and incorporate these tools into their teaching methods to ensure a well-rounded and comprehensive education.第四题Reading PassageIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each numbered blank. There is an extra choice at the end of the passage which you should not use. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.A. The most significant aspect of the experiment was the fact that it took place in the same laboratory as the one where the original research was conducted.B. This study aimed to replicate the findings of a previous experiment to determine whether the results were consistent across different settings.C. The researchers were particularly interested in the impact of social media on individuals’ cognitive abili ties.D. The participants were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a daily social media ban and the other acting as a control.E. The experiment involved a series of cognitive tasks that were designed to measure various aspects of memory and attention.F. Overall, the study provided evidence that social media use can have anegative impact on cognitive functions.G. The researchers concluded that further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of social media on mental health.The effects of social media on cognitive abilities have been a topic of concern for researchers in recent years. To investigate this issue, a team of psychologists conducted a study involving two groups of participants. The experiment was designed to measure the impact of social media use on memory and attention.1.The first part of the study involved a pre-test in which both groups weregiven a series of cognitive tasks. This was followed by a period of two weeks during which one group was instructed to refrain from using social media, while the other group continued to use it as usual.2.During the two-week period, the participants were asked to complete dailyquestionnaires detailing their social media usage and any changes they noticed in their cognitive abilities.3.After the two-week period, the participants were given a post-test tomeasure their cognitive abilities again. The researchers wereparticularly interested in comparing the performance of the two groups on tasks that required memory and attention.4.The results of the study indicated that the group that had been bannedfrom using social media performed significantly better on the memory and attention tasks compared to the control group. This suggested that socialmedia use may have a negative impact on cognitive functions.5.The researchers concluded that further research is needed to fullyunderstand the long-term effects of social media on mental health.A. The most significant aspect of the experiment was the fact that it took place in the same laboratory as the one where the original research was conducted.B. This study aimed to replicate the findings of a previous experiment to determine whether the results were consistent across different settings.C. The researchers were particularly interested in the impact of social media on individuals’ cognitive abilities.D. The participants were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a daily social media ban and the other acting as a control.E. The experiment involved a series of cognitive tasks that were designed to measure various aspects of memory and attention.F. Overall, the study provided evidence that social media use can have a negative impact on cognitive functions.G. The researchers concluded that further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of social media on mental health.1.E2.D3.A4.C5.G三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Title: A Glimpse into the Future of WorkReading Passage:In the not-too-distant future, the landscape of work will undergo a significant transformation. Advances in technology, particularly in artificial intelligence and automation, are set to reshape industries and jobs across the globe. This passage explores the potential impact of these technological advancements on the future of work.Passage:The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation into various sectors is expected to streamline operations and increase efficiency. While this may lead to job displacement in certain areas, it also promises to create new opportunities. According to a report by the World Economic Forum, by 2025, AI and automation will create 97 million new jobs worldwide, while eliminating 75 million existing positions.The service sector, which includes industries like healthcare, finance, and education, is likely to be one of the most affected. AI-driven technologies, such as chatbots and predictive analytics, can significantly improve customer service and personalization. However, these advancements may also lead to a reduction in human interaction, which could impact jobs that require empathyand social skills.In manufacturing, automation has already started to revolutionize the industry. Robots and AI systems are now capable of performing complex tasks with precision and speed, surpassing human capabilities in certain areas. This shift is expected to continue, potentially reducing the need for low-skilled labor in manufacturing. Nevertheless, it will also create new roles, such as robot maintenance and AI system management.The agriculture sector is also poised for significant changes. Drones and automated tractors are increasingly being used for planting, harvesting, and monitoring crops. While these technologies may reduce the number of jobs in traditional farming, they will also create new opportunities in drone technology and agricultural robotics.Questions:1.What is the expected net effect of AI and automation on global job markets by 2025,according to the World Economic Forum?A)There will be a net decrease of 75 million jobs.B)There will be a net increase of 97 million jobs.C)There will be no significant change in the number of jobs.D)The number of jobs will be uncertain due to the unpredictable nature of technology.2.Which sector is most likely to be affected by AI-driven technologies that improvecustomer service and personalization?A)ManufacturingB)HealthcareC)EducationD)Agriculture3.How is automation expected to impact the manufacturing industry?A)It will increase the demand for low-skilled labor.B)It will reduce the need for low-skilled labor.C)It will create jobs exclusively for high-skilled workers.D)It will have no significant impact on the industry.4.What is one of the new opportunities created by the use of drones and automatedtractors in agriculture?A) A decrease in the number of farming jobs.B)An increase in the number of drone maintenance jobs.C) A reduction in the use of traditional farming methods.D) A decrease in crop yields.5.What is the overall tone of the passage regarding the future of work andtechnological advancements?A)Negative and pessimisticB)Positive and optimisticC)Neutral and factualD)Critical and skepticalAnswers:1.B) There will be a net increase of 97 million jobs.2.B) Healthcare3.B) It will reduce the need for low-skilled labor.4.B) An increase in the number of drone maintenance jobs.5.B) Positive and optimistic四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）Question 1Translate the following passage into English.Passage:在中国，高考（Gaokao）是每个学生人生中的重要转折点。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing itschance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good 如有侵权请联系告知删除，感谢你们的配合！。