英文跨文化交际课件
跨文化交际选修课 ppt课件
比喻之二：散沙与散石。曾有人说：“中国人是一盘散沙。”吾以为 大谬不然。恰恰相反，西方的个人主义文化使其更像散沙。但西方的 一神论宗教和完善的法律可以把一堆散沙凝结成坚强的水泥块。
而中国人的一个集体，如家庭、同事、同学、朋友等有很高的同一性 与紧密性，不同的集体如一堆堆散石。如果没有适当的黏合剂，这些 散石头可能产生巨大的碰撞，形成所谓的窝里斗。如果碰上“圣人之 治”的时代，这些散石头合在一起，就如加了鹅卵石的水泥，比纯沙 构成的水泥具有更高的强度。
6.They didn’t praise him slightly. 他们大大地表扬了他。 7.That’s all I want to hear. 我已经听够了。 8.I wish I could bring you to see my point. 你要我怎么说你才能明白呢。 9.You really flatter me. 你让我受宠若惊。 10.He made a great difference. 有他没他结果完全不一样。
Food
clothes
music
literature language
views attitudes love preference
hatred habits customs
The Culture Onion 文化洋葱理论
In the outer layer: the symbols and material the way people are dressed (kimono in Japan) the language they speak (Chinese, English,…） the cars they drive the food they eat（dumplings, fast food, salad, ...) The houses they live in
跨文化交际英文版5 Nonverbal Communication (I)讲课稿
The thumbs-up
Britain: _____ & _____ Sardinia: _____ Greece: _____
Beckoning
America: _____ Malaysia: _____ Yugoslavia: _____ Indonesia: _____ Australia: _____ China: _____
interested Do not believe
Turn toward the person you are talking to.
Roll your eyes and turn your head away.
I. Understanding Nonverbal Communication
NVC involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his / her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar, 2000: 149)
“Something is a bit suspicious / odd here.”
Italy--- to say “Hello.” Indonesians, Malaysians, and some speakers of Arabic---it signals “Come here.”
“Oh, I forgot.” or an expression of surprise.
跨文化交际英文版8 Understanding Culture
What is Culture
That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom and any otheired by man as a member of society. ---Edward B. Tylor
Define culture from different perspectives
From Intellectual Perspective From Anthropological Perspective From Social Perspective From Intercultural Communication Perspective
From Social Perspective
Culture is what a society does and thinks.
Culture covers everything of a society.
From Intercultural Communication Perspective
Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.
Movie to Watch
Mexican American Culture vs. Anglo-Saxon Culture
Self-check List
跨文化交际(UNIT 8)英文 PPT
Review of Unit 7
1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is the dominating time system in our culture?
2. What is the right way of dealing with issues of space and privacy in an intercultural environment?
➢ It occurs when our nation is seen as the of the world.
➢ In other words, it refers to our tendency to identify with our ingroup and to evaluate outgroups and their members according to its standard.
Idioms which are culturally loaded include:
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
➢ Ethnocentrism often is expressed in the way people draw their maps. People tend to draw maps of the world with their own country at the center and with other parts of the world depicted as peripheral.
中英文-珍贵-跨文化交际学概论课件资料
I. Culture and Intercultural CommunicationCulture:●Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. (Sapir, 1921)●Culture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everythingthat a group of people thinks, says, does, and makes. (R. Kohls, 1979)●Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, whichaffect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰、价值观、规范的公认的解释，这些信仰、价值观、规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。
The Characteristics of Culture:1.Culture is not innate; it is learned;2.Culture is transmissible from person to person, group to group, and generation togeneration;3.Culture is a dynamic system that changes continuously over time;4.Culture is selective; (every culture represents a limited choice of behavior patterns)5.Culture is composed of interrelated facets;6.Culture is ethnocentric (centeredness on one’s own group).The American sociolinguist D. Hymes pointed out that people with communicative competence should know when, where and what to speak to whom and how.Models of communicationTheoretically, the model of communication is always described in the following way:Communication is exchanging information in the form of messages, symbols, thoughts, signs and opinions.The Ingredients of Culture●Language;●Religion;●Values and attitudes;●Education;●Social organization;●Technology and material culture;●Politics;●LawIntercultural Communication (IC)●In its most general sense, IC refers to those occasions when a member of oneculture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. (p70, Samovar & Porter)●More precisely, IC refers to communication between people whose cultureperceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.(p70, Samovar & Porter)跨文化交际: 指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人们之间进行的交际。
(跨文化交际)不同文化对观点的影响(culture's influence on perception)英文PPT
(some culture may categorize certain things in great
detail-----snow in Eskimo)
•
culture
snow in Eskimo
• • • • • • • Aput Qana Piqsirpoq qimuqsuq akerolak” Perksertok Pokatok
• Be aware of perceptual inaccuracies
Hold no prejudice. Question your interpretations
Culture’s Influence on Perception
First stage of perception
• Selection
• Enormous amount of information
First stage of perception
• Selection
How to improve your perceptual skill intercultural communication
perceptual skill in intercultural communication
• Question your perception Don’t take your conclusions about others for granted. Understand the difference.
Different countries have different
cultures
Different cultures lead to different perceptions
跨文化交际与跨文化交际学PPT课件
③ 王福祥、吴汉樱编，《文化与语言》(外语教 学与研究出版社,1994)。
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2）90年代中期以后
出版学术专著 发表相关论文 召开学术研讨会
1995年8月，中国跨文化交际研究会在哈
尔滨成立，此后，每两年召开一次全国性 会议。
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学术专著
关世杰：《跨文化交流学》(北京大学出版社,1995)
第二讲 跨文化交际与跨文化交际学
.
1
一、跨文化交际(intercultural communication)
（一）交际的过程和类型
行为源
编码，形成信息，通过渠道
解码，反应，通过渠道反馈
反应者
交际是一个（或多个人）对另一个人（或 多个人）的行为或行为遗迹作出了反应。
.
2
交际的类型
划分标准
交际类型
格林教授和夫人鞠躬 敬请赐复。
.
36
Invitation
Director of the Institute of Atomic Energy requests the pleasure of the company of
Mr. and Mrs. Dickens at a dinner party
in honor of Mr. Liu Wenling senior engineer of the Institute of Atomic Energy
.
30
一些不宜用“姓＋职务”表示的词
中国文化中称呼“姓＋职务”这种类型的，有 些翻译成英文不宜直译，如主任、局长、科长、 老师等。
对于教师的称呼很多，主要有三种： Sir./Ms.；
Mr./Ms.＋姓；直呼其名。 不能是“姓＋teacher”，也不能是直呼别人
跨文化交际(英文PPT)
III. Plan.
1.Required Textbook :Communication Between Cultures (Third Edition)By Larry A. Samovar Richard E. Porter Lisa A. Stefani 2000 2. Time schedule: 36 periods in one term. 1).Introduction to Intercultural Communication ;4periods 2).Part I Communication and Culture; 8 periods 3).Part II The Influence of Culture ; 8 periods 4).Part III From Theory of Practice; 8 periods 5).Part IV Knowledge into Action; 8 periods 3. Evaluation will be based on: 1)Attendance and participation. 2)Project presentation and handout (the required essay ). 3)Final examination.
The book is divided into four interrelated parts, including 10 chapters: (Look at P.F28)
Part I introduces the study of communication and culture(Chapter1-2);
跨文化交际案例分析 英文 PPT
Cultural analysis
M-time vs. P-time Future-oriented vs. present-oriented
感谢您的聆听 ！
Combine the theory with the
case
Thus, in this case, Koreans tried their best to take the peacemaking approach to de-escalate conflicts, so that harmony between members would be maintained as long as possible. However, Jim, from individualistic culture, considered it strange that his Korean colleagues would rather hide the problems to the last moment than solve the conflicts. In his view, suspending the conflicts wouldn’t release tensions and solidify the relationship but to potentially destruct the relationship.
“If you don’t acknowledge the problems”, he complained to one of the managers, “how do you expect to be able to solve them?” And then to further exasperate him, just today when a problem was finally brought to his attention, it was not mentioned until the end of the workday when there was no time left to solve it.
跨文化交际(UNIT 8)Cross-Cultural Perception 英文 PPT
“And how did you get the American to jump?”
“No problem,” said the captain, “I told him he was 6 insured!”
➢ Of course, what the story tells us about people of those different nations can only be partially true at best and we must be aware of such overgeneralization and oversimplification in our perception of people of other cultures.
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.
French Leave and Dutch
Courage (p265-267)
跨文化交际 英文ppt
•
American culture is individualistic （个人主义）culture, and it is the culture of "small power distance".
Thank you!
——张和玉
Question • 1.Why does Li Ming stand up suddenly? • 2.Why his boss will misunderstand his behavior?
This is mainly because of the power distance（权力距离）. Most individualistic（个人主义） culture is also a “small power distance” culture. People with such cultural backgrounds（背景） tend to think that all men are created equal(人人平等） In such a culture, often not because of age, seniority（辈分）, on the lower level of the difference between the both sides of communication differential（区别） treatment（对待） of each other.
No Stand-up When Your Leader Comes In
•
I’m Li Ming. I worked in an American company. When my boss came into my office for the first time, I stood up immediately（立即） to show my respect. The boss misunderstood my behavior, thought I was going out, and said he would tail with me in a while. I was accustomed （习惯） to respecting all those in authority.
英文版跨文化交际PPT课件
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1.gift
This is the American way to open gifts, they usually opened directly after dinner received a gift. Directly express their own joy.
wedding vows in the
church.Couples pay worship to be
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WOW!!。。。。。
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额。。。。。。。
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虽然每一种文化都有自己的社会做法。但是每一个 人都是独特的不同的，每个人都可以选择自己喜欢 的做法。
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wedding ceremony
• 东西方文化中不同的婚礼以仪式。西方文化中婚礼要在教堂中许下誓 言。在中国要进行夫妻交拜。
• Eastern and Western cultures,
different wedding
ceremony.Western culture in the
But, in China, gifts are never opened in front of giver, and doing so is considered
bad manners. So people had to hide his feelings .
这是社会做法的外在表现的一方面。 This is the the outward manifestations aspect of social practices
跨文化交际英文NonverbalCommunication ppt课件
interested Do not believe
Turn toward the person you are talking to.
Roll your eyes and turn your head away.
I. Understanding Nonverbal Communication
NVC involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his / her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar, 2000: 149)
Unit 5
Nonverbal Communication (I)
In today’s class, we will…
understand what nonverbal communication is
know the function nonverbal communication serves
“Slow down, relax or wait a second.”
in the US- “You did something bad; shame on you.”
Comparison
Meaning
No, don’t do that.
I don’t know
Gesture in the USA
Gesture in China
Moving the index Moving the hand finger from side to from sigging one’s
跨文化交际英文版
跨文化交际英文版 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】C r o s s–c u l t u r a l c o m m u n i c a t i o nThesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries.Outline:Chapter 1: Language and culture in communicationChapter2: Culture shockChapter3: What’s in a name?Chapter4: Social interactionChapter 5: Roles and relationsChapter6: Non-verbal communicationChapter 7: In other words.Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global VillageConclusionChapter 1: Language and culture in communicationThere is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance.What is communication?In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However, different people hold different opinions about communication. In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchange of information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himse lf.Communication not just exist in human-beingsThere are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other.For human beings, how can we communicate with each other?Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message.What is social situationWhen there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social sA social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in social situation.Chapter2: Culture shockWe should not only know what communication is but we should know what culture shock is.In contemporary society, as our country is developing faster and faster, more and more foreigners will come to our country. Communicating with foreigners is an interesting thing. However, there is no doubt that it can easily cause misunderstanding which is called culture shock. There are several kinds of culture shock.Hospitality: First of all, in Britain, hospitality can not be judged by whether hosts put the food into your dishes, in there, everyone has own dishes, everyone helps themselves. By contrast, in our country, when we have guests, hosts may put the food into guest’s dishes to show their hospitality, so this is different.Politeness: When it comes to this word, in many case, foreigners were described as being polite than Chinese. For example, when we finish work, foreigners may say thank you to us, although it is out duties. However, for Chinese, they seldom say thank you because they think someone who serves them are their duties.What’s more, when we get along with foreigners, we should avoid asking their salaries, jobs and religious and so on. For the young, it’s all right to ask their ages, for the adults, this question is not allowed, especially for the females. But in china, these questions are allowed.In conclusion, when we face these culture shocks, it is better to keep a cool head, and then make an adjustment toward it, finally, we can cope with it. As time goes by, we can adapt it. For example, American Jewish and Israel, the two groups are equal and integration. Both groups have positive attitudes toward one another. So I am sure that after learning this unit, we can know a lot about culture shock and can easily communicate with foreigners.Chapter 3: What’s in a name?The topic of unit three is “what’s in a name?” As is known to all, the English name is different from the Chinese name .The Chinese name consists of family name and given name ,with family name put first. But in contrast, the family name of English name is coming last. Most English people have three names. The last name , or surname is the family name .This is the family name of the father and is given to all his children. And the first name is given to the child at birth, which is called “given name”. And another name used to refer to them is Christian name.However, Chinese name can give all sorts of information about a Chinese people .they may give the address, the birthday ,and also tell us about the family relationship, ethic groups, sex and the parents’ expectation for their children. At the same time, in Chinese the use of kin terms is closely related to age politeness, such as that children are expected to call an old lady, Granny and call a male adult who is older than their fathers, elder uncle. The appropriate and extend use of kin term according to age is taken as reflecting good manners.Chapter4: Social interactionWhat is “social interaction”. It is the topic of unit four. Social interaction is an important way of human existence, and it is different from other animals’ communication. And it’s meaningful. Different countries have different social interactions. Many Chinese people tend to ask age, marital status, and even salary when they meet each other first. To the Chinese people, these are open conversational topic. and Chinese people pay much attention to family life. So in their spare time, they will talk about the family member features as a common topic. It is so natural. And the salary is not a secret .and when a Chinese offers refreshments or drinks to his colleague, his colleague often declines the offer politely, because he don’t want to trouble the person who offers. And it also shows his politeness. But in western countries, if you ask the person who meet you first about these, they will feel so bad. They think it is not polite.Do you know how English native negotiate a time to meet .from the text I know that you may find their way of settling on a time is quite similar to our own, that is , normally one gives or suggests a time, then the other may find it is not suitable and suggest another time, and finally a time is fixed which suits both.Consequently, you can know from above, different countries have different habits.Chapter 7: In other words.Different languages cause some misunderstandingsThere are many countries that their language is the same. such as America , British, Canada, Australia，and so on, they all speak English, people from America and British speak different varieties of English. They usually find little difficulty in understanding each other.However, there are some differences which may cause some misunderstanding, because of profusion of synonyms that they use different words to refer to the same thing. But for other countries which do not speak English they hardly understand the idioms, for example “face the music” in America it means to accept the criticisms, unpleasant consequences, etc . it probably comes from the custom in some Western armies of punishing soldiers to the sound of beating drums, if a person who is come from China may comprehend that enjoy himself by listening to music. on the contrary，they can not understand the meaning of Chinese idioms.There are some similar in languagesWith the exception, both English and Chinese have many such idioms that refer to animals, and some animals have similar associations in both cultures: deer, for example , are bloodthirsty and cruel, ect . But some other animals have rather different associations, like dogs, in the eyes of English-speaking people，dog is loyal ,but in the eyes of Chinese it aways contains derogatory sense are seen rather differently from the way appear to us. About proverb, since human experiences and observations of the world are in many respect similar. in spit of the dissimilar cultural backgrounds of the Chinese and the English-speaking peoples, the number of proverbs or saying in two language that are equivalent or closely approximate is rather surprising.Swearwords is the taboo for every countriesEvery language contains a special group of taboo words which people avoid using because they find them embarrassing or offensive. In many languages, swearwords are taboo, this is generally true of both English and Chinese. In English, certain swearwords seem to be more offensive than others and consequently the social prohibition against their use is stricter.Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global VillageAnimals might have astonishing ways of showing their emotions andfeelings.This unit takes us back in to history, inviting us to reflect upon how man has extended his limbs and senses by using new technologies. Nowadays, the technologies are so advanced that communication over long distance can be done in a split of a second. People all over the world are living, quite literally, in a global village. In the textbook, we have learned that animals might have astonishing ways of showing their emotions and feelings. The way different kinds of animals behave, have fascinated great minds since Plato and AristotleCommunication is covering everywhereOne point that is beyond doubt is that our ancestors were extremely handicapped --- in comparison with us now --- in communication. From the Stone Age, to the present day, over2,000,000 years, man has done his best to extend himself in order to improve his way of communication. Writing, printing technology, postal services, telegraph, telephone, radio, picture communication, television, computer and laser technology, internet --- these have extended man’s mouth, eyes, ears, hands, legs, in short the whole body beyond a house, a village, a county, a province, a country, an ocean, a continent, and even beyond the mother earth to the moon and the Mars. Going global is great, but an entirely different tone was heard: Globalization is a menace to mankind. Globalization will make the powers more powerful but the weak is weaker and the poor is poorer.ConclusionDifferent countries have their own cultures, so it causes the different cultures .Consequently, sometimes the people come from different places may cause some misunderstandings. After learning this textbook we can get along well with people all over the world.Finally, through this paper, we can learn more knowledge.。
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Role – behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
Role set – a number of roles attached to a single status
B. In China we address a stranger with an advanced age
"Grandpa" or "Grandma". Why do we do so since that stranger is not connected to us by blood? How does this sound to an English ear?
Susan: Thank you! The same to you.
Husband’s translation: 谢谢妈妈，我祝您身体健康。
Mother: 谢谢，谢谢。
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Activity 1 Forms of address
Doctor, Professor, Judge, Preseident, Senator, Governer, Mayor, Colonel, Captain, etc.
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2. be more aware of your own behavior patterns and how they are shaped by Chinese culture.
3. know how to avoid or lessen misunderstanding in intercultural communication and be able to convey your ideas more successfully.
任), li yisheng (李医生) , etc. Do Americans have similar
customs?
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Case study
A Situation: What to say
E.G. A conversation between Susan and Mrs. Zhang, her mother-in-law, at the airport when leaving China. The husband is interpreting for them.
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Activity 1 Forms of address
A. The young lady Marilyn in America addresses her
mother-in-law by her first name, Ellen. How do you account for this? Could the same thing happen in China? Why?
C. We Chinese routinely use many position-linked or
occupation-linked titles to address people, such as wang
jinling (王经理), ma juzhang (马局长), zhang zhuren (张主
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Activity 2 Greetings
Work in pairs. List some common forms of greeting among the English-speaking people and Chinese people. then try to spot some differences, if there are any.
2
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. have a better understanding of the conventions and expectations of different cultures in areas such as:
Chinese culture is relation-oriented. Maintaining or promoting relation calls for something interpersonal, so it is quite acceptable in China to greet each other by asking private questions, while English people have a very strong sense of privacy.
Susan: Yes, oh thanks for your delicious food, I like them very much.
Husband’s translation: 谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多好
吃的。
Mother: 自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了，
身体健康才最重要哪！
Husband’s translation: It’s my pleasure, Susan, I hope you become even more beautiful.
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Susan: Mrs. Zhang, come to New York if you want.
Husband’s translation: 妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看。 Mother: 不去了，给你们添麻烦。
Husband’s translation: Oh, it depends on the physical condition.
• Forms of address • Greetings • Farewells • Complimenting and responding • Inviting • Paying for a meal • Showing hospitality • Disagreeing, etc.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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