雅思写作话题词汇(全)
雅思写作必备词汇
附录：雅思写作必备词汇一.同经济有关的词汇extravagant 浪费的，奢侈的throw money into thin air 浪费钱squander v. 浪费：If we squander our fossil fuels, we threaten civilization.lavish v. 浪费：lavish time and money on petsWe have to economize on water during the dry season.dear，luxurious 豪华的，money-consuming 浪费钱的，precious，valuabledestitute 贫穷的impoverished 贫穷的（名词形式为impoverishment）poverty-stricken 贫穷的poorneedy 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的: They collected money to help the needy children. poverty line 贫穷线，贫困线a lucrative investment profitable 赚钱的，盈利的wealthybe short of insufficient 不足的，不够的：The food is insufficient for our needs.lack n&vt缺乏，be lacking in：She is lacking in responsibility.run out of 用完scarcity n.缺乏，不足：The scarcity of food was caused by the drought.There is a shortage of oil in this country.asset n.资产 a tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial/economic burden经济负担financial strain 资金紧张government revenue 政府税收foreign currency 外汇taxpayer 纳税人有限的公共资金income 收入hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱consumer goods 消费品consumption n. 消费(consume v.) expenditure n.花费，支出beggar pauper=beggar homeless 无家可归的laid-off workers 下岗工人jobless 失业的；失业者charity 慈善（形容词为charitable）healthcare 医疗保健starvation=hunger 饥饿famine 饥荒disease illiteracy 文盲（形容词为illiterate）welfare 福利shelter 庇护所nursing home/house 养老院miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的well-being福利subsidize=finance 资助，补助二．同时间有关的词汇squeeze time 挤时间wile away the time 消磨时间kill time 浪费时间a waste of time and resource precious time-consuming 消耗时间的a great waste of time occupy vt.占用：Reading occupies most of my free time.take up 占用pass time 消磨时光They messed about in the club most of the summer.tempting 诱惑人的：a tempting offer吸引人的提议；a tempting smell诱人的气味alluring 迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的：an alluring advertisementdistracting 分心的（动词为distract）：Noise distracted the writer from his work.lure vt.引诱：The price also lures students.induce vt.劝诱，促使：Nothing in the world would induce me to do that.entice somebody to do something/into doing something.addictive 上瘾的be addicted to 上瘾wallow in 沉溺于：wallow in luxuryrevel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于：revel in filmsresist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑be obsessed with 沉迷于abandon oneself to 沉溺于：The young man abandoned himself to despair.indulge in 沉湎于：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝；indulge in tobacco 吸烟无度self-control 自控inhibit v.抑制，约束self-discipline 自律refrain vi.节制，避免，制止：The boy refrained from tears；Please refrain from spitting on the sidewalk.restrain vt.抑制，制止：I couldn't restrain my laughter；We restrained the children from playing by the railroad；The government has taken measures to restrain inflation.academic performance 学习表现misleading 易误解的，令人误解的play truant 逃学：In my last year I played truant a lot. skip classes 逃课efficiency 效率productivity 生产力rewarding 有益的，值得的三.同健康有关的词汇acute 急性的chronic 慢性的malady 疾病obesity 肥胖（形容词为obese）incurable disease=terminal illness 绝症depression 抑郁症diabetes 糖尿病tumor 肿瘤hypertension 高血压（hypotension 低血压）stroke 中风以下词汇可以暂时只认知：arthritis 关节炎coronary heart disease 冠心病epidemics传染病（形容词为epidemic）eye irritation 眼睛发炎infectious disease 传染病rabies=hydrophobia 狂犬病tuberculosis 肺结核bloated 臃肿的，过于肥胖的dizzy 头昏眼花的fatigue n.疲乏，疲劳headaches indigestion 消化不良indolent 懒惰的morbid 病态的muscle aches insomnia 失眠（口语中也说lose sleep）constipation 便秘nausea 反胃，恶心near-sighted=myopia 近视overweight 超重sore throat 喉咙发炎symptom 症状tiredness=weariness 疲倦fracture骨折跛子malnutrition 营养不良addictive nocuous 有害的，有毒的（反义词innocuous）cancer-causing致癌的impair v.削弱，危机：Poor food impaired her health. deleterious 有害的，有毒的hazardous 危险的，有害的harmful be physically damaging 有害健康的do harm to one’s health 有害健康endanger one’s health 危机健康pernicious有害的noxious 有害的，有毒的：Noxious chemicals are found in the river water.high fat and calorie high cholesterol junk food oily fooddeteriorate v.恶化：Relations between the two countries have deteriorated sharply in recent weeks.’s health.bacteria 细菌germ 细菌excessive intake 过量摄入cancerous 癌的virus 病毒carcinogen 致癌物toxic gas 有毒气体bleach 漂白剂radiation 辐射fume 烟，气体venomous 有毒的，分泌毒液的poisonous 有毒的a meager diet 素食immune 免疫的aerobic exercise 有氧运动jog 慢跑balanced diet 平衡饮食lose weight life expectancy 预期寿命energetic=vigorous 精力充沛的vegetarian 素食者fitness 健康hygienic 卫生的medical 医学的medical care 医疗medical treatment 医疗prevention 预防remedy 治疗法，药物eradicate v.根除，消灭：The government is making efforts to eradicate racial discriminating. nourishment 营养品vitamin nutrition 营养cure 治愈organ transplant 器官移植pain-killer 止疼药therapy 治疗，疗法pharmaceutical 药物的calcium 钙iron 铁zinc 锌iodine 碘phosphate 磷四．同情感有关的词汇affectionate 充满深情的：She was very affectionate with children.allegiance 忠贞（形容词为allegiant）：He is trying to win the allegiance of the masses.loyal 忠诚的，衷心的: She was loyal to her faith.He is loyal to his wife.sincerity 诚挚，真挚（形容词为sincere）：He is a man of sincerity.congenial 性格相似的，意气相投的：I met few people congenial to me in that city.devoted 投入的，深爱的energetic 精力旺盛的warm-hearted friendlyfaithful 忠实的，可靠的fervent 热情的：She has a fervent desire to win. enthusiasm 热情：The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm.intimate 熟悉的：Both of them felt that they had become very intimate.）emotion 情感：Love, hatred, and grief are emotions.anxiety 忧虑，焦急apathy 冷漠arrogance 傲慢desolation 孤独，凄凉desperate 不顾一切的，拼命的，绝望的：A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.He was desperate when he lost all his money.He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.diffident 缺乏自信的：She is diffident about expressing her opinions.drowsy 昏昏欲睡的：The story took place on a drowsy summer afternoon.These tablets will make you drowsy.eccentric 古怪的：My neighbor is an eccentric young man.egoism 自我主义（egoist 自我主义者）frustrated 受挫的，失意的hopeless 绝望的languid 懒洋洋的isolated 孤独的indifferent 冷漠的introverted 内向的（反义extroverted）inferior 自卑的，劣等的inhospitable 冷漠的，不好客的（名词为inhospitality，反义为hospitable，hospitality）pessimistic 悲观的（反义为optimistic）rebellious 反叛的，叛逆的unsociable 不爱交际的（反义为sociable，gregarious）abuse n&v.虐待，滥用：He abused his power while in office.Those captives were physically abused.Child abuse is widespread in this country.alienate vt.疏远：His behavior alienated his friends.desert vt.遗弃：All his friends have deserted him!deserted 为人所弃的abandoned 被抛弃的，自甘堕落的extra-marital affairs 婚外恋vt.忽视ill-treat vt.虐待=maltreatbrutal 残酷的，野蛮的hatred 仇恨hostility 敌意resentment 怨恨wear a long face 拉长着脸turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻（注意turn a blind eye to）：How could you turn a deaf ear to her requests for help?conflict 冲突antagonism 对抗foster vt.培养，心怀（希望）：Concerts foster interest in music. foster a hopecomfort vt.安慰=console =soothe：We did not know how to soothe the bereaved mother. proximity 接近，亲近restful 宁静的goodwill 善意encourage，support，promote，inspire 鼓励，支持，推进五．同智力和教育有关的词汇mental 心智的（名词为mentality）mental growth 智力发展ability of expression 表达能力brightness 聪明，智慧prodigy 天才，神童tactful 机智的clever talented 有才能的：He is a very talented actor. wisdom 智慧，学识：a man of wisdom creative 创造性的：a very creative musician genius 天才instinct 直觉instinctive 本能的：She had an instinctive taste for music.inherence 内在，固有，天性intellect 智力intellectual 需要智力的，智力发达的（作为名词是含义是知识分子）：Chess is a highly intellectual game./ intellectual people注意：intellectual property 指的是知识产权insight 洞察力，见识，深刻的理解：Good teachers have insight into children's emotions.His speech gave us an insight into the problems of education. intelligence 智力，聪明，智能intelligence quotient 智商nature 本性，天性wit 智力，才智，智慧perception 洞察力，感知，理解：My perception of the problem isclumsy 笨拙的，手脚不灵活的：The clumsy boy bumped into the table.absurd=ridiculous 荒谬的：It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.It's the most ridiculous thing I ever heard in my life.dull 感觉或者理解迟钝的：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇
雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇雅思写作中我们会遇到各种话题，要求我们用明确的观点来定位文章基调，需要我们掌握各种类型的意群词汇。
今天店铺给大家汇总了100个雅思写作中会遇到的高频观点词汇及替换表达，希望这些词汇能对大家的写作有所帮助。
为便于大家复习，我们将内容拆分为五部分，同学们可以按日期背诵，一天一个section，五天即可掌握。
雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇(一)1. 持某观点：claimcontend, deem, reckon, assert, share the belief that2.支持某观点: advocatemaintain, vote for, side with, be in favor of3.反对某观点: contradictcriticize, be against, cast doubts on4.合理的：justifiedsensible, feasible, convincing, persuasive, rational, practicable, logical, wise, sagacious, viable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, bear much analysis5.好处：advantagebenefit, merit, positive side, upside, boon, pros6.弊端：disadvantagedefect, demerit, negative side, downside, flaw, drawback, cons7.肯定：undoubtedlyindeed, undeniably, there is no denying that8.不确定：be likely topotentially presumably9.重要的：essentialsignificant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable10.有益的：beneficialconducive, instrumental11.有害的：detrimentalharmful, virulent12.有争议的：controversialdisputable, contentious13.普遍的：widespreadprevalent, universal14.显著地：considerablysignificantly,remarkably, dramatically,tremendously, substantially15.明显的：evidentapparent, manifest16.增强：enhancestrengthen, boost17.减少：declinedescend, collapse, relieve18.大约：approximatelynearly, around, estimated,roughly19.趋势：trendtendency, inclination20.预见：predictexpect, project雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇(二)21.带来：bring aboutresult in, lead to22.产生，引起：createspark, yield, give rise to23.建立：establishfound, institute24.要求：call forrequest, demand25.去除：eliminateremove, eradicate26.探讨：exploreexamine, identify27.表明，描绘：indicatedepict, portray, illustrate28.满足…需求：meet the need of satisfy the requirement of,cater for the demand of29.足够：adequateenough, sufficient30.解决：tackleresolve, address31.意识：awareness consciousness32.控制：curbregulate, censor33.解释：account forbe responsible for, be attributed to 34.投资：financeinvest in, subsidize35.缓解：relieveease, alleviate36.压力：stresspressure, strain37.遵循：observefollow, conform to38.继承：inherithand down, carry forward39.培养：cultivatetrain, foster40.促进：promotecontribute to, upgrade雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇(三) 41.适应：adapt toadjust to, acclimate to42.提供：providerender, afford43.替代：replacesubstitute, take the place of44.保护：preserveprotect, safeguard45.证据：evidenceproof46.赢得：gainacquire, attain47.国外的：foreignalien, exotic48.重视：attach importance to emphasis, highlight49.发展：advance development, progress50.倾向于：tend tobe inclined to, be apt to51. 吸引：attractallure, tempt52. 专注的：be absorbed inbe immersed in, devote oneself to 53. 目的是：aim atThe purpose is54. 实现：achievefulfill, implement55. 危害：endanger threaten; jeopardize56. 损害：undermineimpair, damage57. 阻碍：hinderobstruct, impede58. 禁止：forbidban, prohibit59. 责备：blamedenounce, criticize60. 污染：pollute contaminate, stain雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇(四) 61. 腐蚀：erodewear away, corrode62. 欺骗：deceivecheat, defraud63. 冲突：conflictshock, tension64. 驱使：promptspur, incite65. 贪婪的：acquisitivemoney-oriented, materialistic 66. 自私的：self-centered selfish, inconsiderate67.体谅的：considerate understanding, sympathetic68.冷漠的：indifferent apathetic, aloof69.奢侈的：wasteful luxurious, extravagant70.残忍的：inhumanebrutal, barbaric71.绝望的：hopeless despairing, desperate72.过分的：excessive extravagant, exorbitant73.激烈的：intensefierce, vigorous74.严厉的：stringent rigorous, rigid75.与…相关：be related tobe associated with, be linked to 76.难以置信的：unbelievable incredulous, virtual77.惊人的：extraordinary marvelous, spectacular78.有抱负的：ambitious aggressive, aspirant79.固有的：inherentnature, innate80.稳定的：steadystable, constant雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇(五) 81.恶化：worsenaggravate, deteriorate82.夸大：exaggerateoverstate83.限制：restrainconstrain, confine84.拆除：tear downknock down, pull down85.加速：acceleratespeed up, precipitate86.占优势：predominatedominate87.分辨：distinguish differentiate, discern88.抵消：counteractoffset, cancel out89.开展：launchconduct, carry out90.承担：assumeshoulder, accept91.颁布, 制定：enactenforce, promulgate, map out92.影响：influenceimpact, pervade93.差异：differencedistinction, gap94.交流：communicate exchange, associate95.接触：have access tomake contact with, keep in touch with 96.优先：give priority toput…into first place97.节约：economizeconserve, cherish 98.面临：be faced with be confronted with 99.措施：measure step, action100.注意：beware prevent, guard against。
雅思写作各大话题词汇汇总
雅思写作各大话题词汇汇总教育：知识+能力褒义万能理由acquire/gain/be informed of knowledge 获取知识widen one's scope of knowledge 拓展知识面have quick and easy access to something 快速接触到某物cultivate/nurture/foster skills/ability/competence 培养能力promote/accelerate the development of...促进发展motivate/drive sb. to do... 促使某人做某事improve/enhance one's physical/mental health 改善身心健康stimulate/arouse/raise one's interest in 激发某人在…的兴趣tap one’s intere st in 开发某人在…的兴趣relieve/release/ease stress/pressure缓解/释放压力boost/enhance efficiency 提高效率fulfill one's potential 发展潜能tap one’s potential 挖掘潜能integrate theory with practice 理论与实践相结合set/provide a solid foundation for 为...打下坚实的基础prepare oneself for future life/career为未来生活/职业做好准备adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change适应环境/变化Increase their employability 增强就业适应能力cope with the fierce/intense competition 应对激烈的竞争Raise competitiveness 提升竞争力Expand social circle扩大交际圈Develop one’s abili ty to adapt to the society培养某人适应社会的能力Rekindle students` enthusiasm about…重新点燃学生们对于...的热情strengthen students` willpower 锻炼学生们的意志力Keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使得技能可以与时俱进Become outstanding/prominent 脱颖而出Become proficient in reading and writing skills 熟练地掌握读写技能Improve their analytical skills 提高他们的分析能力Sharpen their skill 强化技能Help students to grasp a wide range of skills 帮助学生掌握广泛的技能Hone their problem-solving skills 提升它们解决问题的能力Promote students’ intellectual growth 促进学生思维能力发展Develop their observation skills 发展观察能力Foster students’ critical thinking abilities 培养学生的辩证思维能力Increase their logical thinking skills 增进逻辑思维能力Encourage and nurture their creative development and imagination 鼓励培养他们创造力和想象力Enhance their interpersonal communication skills 提升人际沟通能力Equip them with employment skills 装备就业技能Increase their employ-ability 增进它们的就业适应性Improve their career prospects after graduation 提升学生毕业之后的职业发展前景Find a decent job 找到体面的工作Develop self-discipline 发展自制力Enhance comprehensive quality 提高综合素质Develop their skills (thinking and learning skills; problem-solving skills, social skills, communication skills, cooperating skills; creative ability, artistic skills) 发展他们的技能(思考和学习能力；解决问题的能力；社交能力；交流能力；合作；创新；艺术) Improve their academic skills 提高他们的学术技能Gain/lack practical experience 获得/缺乏实践经验Lack self-discipline 缺乏自我约束力Increase/enhance their independence 增强独立性Develop good learning habits 形成良好的习惯Boost their life skills 提升他们的生活技能Teach their children good manners 教给孩子良好的举止Meet/satisfy students’ needs/demands满足学生的需要boost children's confidence 提升自信sharpen one' employment skills 强化就业技能Shape one’s character 养成良好的性格Boost their life skills 提升他们的生活技能broaden one's knowledge and open one's view 拓展知识和开拓视野better prepare themselves for future life 为将来的生活做好更好的准备face the challenge 面对挑战cope with the fierce/intense competition 应对激烈的竞争give equal education opportunities to economically-disadvantaged students 给贫穷的学生提供平等的教育机会have a good grasp of lessons 很好地掌握课堂知识have a good mastery of communication skills 熟练掌握交流技能strengthen adaptability 提升适应性advance their career 促进他们的职业发展strengthen one’s operative skills 提高操作技能boost their life skills 提升他们的生活技能enhance comprehensive quality 提高综合素质receive quality education 接受素质教育贬义万能理由：耗时间idle away their time破坏孩子的身体/心理健康damage theirphysical/psychological well-being 分散学生的注意力distract students from...沉迷于be addicted to/be indulged in/ indulge oneself in /be obsessed with 加重学习压力intensify academic pressure 让孩子们变得软弱weaken children`s willpower削弱学生对于...的兴趣sap/ dampen students` interest in浪费孩子的潜力waste youngsters` potential导致理论与实践相脱节disconnect theory from practice扼杀/伤害创造力stifle/undermine creativity降低效率lower/diminish efficiency让学生产生挫败感frustrate students让学生疲惫不堪make students exhausted变得消极/失去动力get demotivated失去个性lose individuality伤害他们的自尊damage their self-esteem削弱他们的信心diminish their self-confidence教育话题其他必备表达:高等教育high-level/university/tertiary education初级教育low-level/elementary/primary education义务教育compulsory education应试教育exam-oriented education素质教育quality-oriented education全面发展的教育education for all-round development环境话题Solutionconserve resources 节约资源preserve the environment 保护环境promote sustainable development 促进可持续发展raise / elevate citizen`s awareness of 提高公民的…意识harness natural resources开发自然资源enrich biodiversity 丰富生物多样性reduce car emissions 减少尾气排放recycle something 循环利用某物renewable energy可再生资源non-renewable energy不可再生资源degradable materials可降解的材料shoulder one`s responsibility 承担责任protect/preserve wild animals 保护野生动物use resources properly 正确利用资源support and encourage the use of sustainable energy sources 支持并鼓励使用具有可持续性的能源reduce global dependence on fossil fuels 减少全球对化石燃料的依赖Achieve a higher level of environmental development 在发展过程当中实现更高程度的环境可持续性reduce private car use 减少对私家车的使用Reduce the excessive reliance on fossil fuels 减少对化石燃料的过渡依赖Control industrial pollution 控制工业污染develop clean energy projects发展清洁能源工程Formulate some related policies and rules and regulations 制定相关政策和法律法规Issue/launch environment-related laws出台环境相关的法律Regulate one’s behavior规范人们的行为Raise public’s gr een awareness 提高环保意识Reduce greenhouse gas emission 减少温室气体的排放Reduce our dependence on private cars 减少我们对私家车的依赖Walk or cycle to and from work 步行或骑自行车上下班Raise/arouse/evoke public awareness/consciousness of environmental issues 提高/唤醒公众对于环境问题的意识Increase the public`s environmental awareness 提高公众的环境意识Environmental education campaigns 大规模的环境教育宣传活动Media coverage of environmental issues 媒体对于环境问题的报道Be educated about environmental issues at school 在学校里接受关于环境问题的教育Public education programs on environmental protection 关于环境保护的公众教育项目arouse/evoke people's consciousness of environmental protection 唤醒人们的环境保护意识guarantee the sustainable development 保证可持续发展correct our near-sightedness 改正我们的短见develop renewable / alternative / cleaner / greener energy 发展可再生（清洁）能源launch environment-related laws 建立环境相关的法律enforce strict laws and regulations 实施严格的法律法规recyclable materials 可重复利用的材料non-renewable sources 不可再生资源degradable materials 可降解的材料环境话题Problems/Reasons消耗资源consume/ deplete resources严重破坏环境ruin/ devastate the environment环境恶化the deterioration of environment以生态为代价发展经济push forward the economy at the expense of ecosystem滥用自然资源misuse natural resources使生态系统恶化aggravate the ecosystem威胁生物多样性jeopardize biodiversity忽视尾气问题overlook the emission problem扔掉某物throw something away逃避某人的责任shirk one`s responsibility威胁野生动物的生存endanger wild animals耗尽资源use up /exhaust人类活动对自然资源构成压力human activities put pressure on natural resources对自然资源构成严重的压力put a severe strain on natural resources对于某事物的需求已经远远超过了供给the demand for...has far exceeded the supply过度地开采自然资源over-exploit natural resources正在以不具有可持续性的速度被消耗be depleted at an unsustainable rate对于自然资源快速上升的需求the rapidly rising demand for natural resources 破坏环境harm/damage/ do harm to the environment威胁到环境pose a threat to／threaten the environment环境的恶化the deterioration of the environment对化石能源的过渡依赖an excessive dependence on fossil fuels 见证污染能源的衰竭witness the sudden collapse of dirty energy逆转对河流和森林的伤害reverse the damage to the rivers and forests暴露在污染中会威胁健康the exposure to pollution pose a threat to health导致可怕的后果lead to dire consequences让地球变得不那么适于居住make the planet less habitable for our species对生态系统的破坏是不可逆转的the damage to the ecosystemis irreversible 对生态系统产生极其严重的破坏have devastating effects on the ecosystem工作类seize employment就业hunt jobs 找工作succeed in finding decent jobs 成功找到体面的工作get a well-paid job 找到高薪工作have access to a larger social circle 能够通往更大的社交圈promote job satisfaction 提高工作满意度fulfill/realize their ambitions 实现他们的梦想gain a sense of fulfillment 收获充实感live／lead a comfortable life 过着舒服的生活cover living expenses 支付生活费enter the workforce 参加工作adapt to the workplace 适应职场manage to overcome the difficulties 成功克服问题keep pace with the relentless urbanization 跟上快速的城市化进程high employment rate has far-reaching effects. 高的就业率有深远的影响。
雅思英语词汇(超全)[参考]
![雅思英语词汇(超全)[参考]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/02da4859df80d4d8d15abe23482fb4daa58d1db7.png)
一、日常生活篇1. 家庭成员father 父亲mother 母亲brother 兄弟sister 姐妹husband 丈夫wife 妻子son 儿子daughter 女儿2. 食物breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐dinner 晚餐fruit 水果vegetable 蔬菜meat 肉类rice 米饭bread 面包egg 鸡蛋milk 牛奶3. 衣物shirt 衬衫pants 裤子dress 连衣裙 skirt 裙子shoes 鞋子hat 帽子coat 大衣socks 袜子underwear 内衣4. 居住环境house 房子apartment 公寓 room 房间bed 床window 窗户door 门floor 地板ceiling 天花板 kitchen 厨房 bathroom 浴室5. 交通工具car 汽车bus 公交车train 火车subway 地铁bicycle 自行车 motorbike 摩托车 plane 飞机boat 船ship 舰船二、学术篇1. 学科mathematics 数学 physics 物理chemistry 化学 biology 生物history 历史geography 地理 literature 文学 philosophy 哲学 sociology 社会学2. 学术词汇research 研究theory 理论experiment 实验 evidence 证据analysis 分析conclusion 结论 hypothesis 假设data 数据study 学习knowledge 知识3. 学术表达accordingly 因此furthermorehowever 然而moreover 而且on the other hand 另一方面 in addition 另外in conclusionin contrast 相比之下三、职场篇1. 职位manager 经理director 导演engineer 工程师doctor 医生teacher 教师nurse 护士lawyer 律师accountant 会计receptionist 接待员2. 办公室用品keyboard 键盘mouse 鼠标printer 打印机scanner 扫描仪projector 投影仪office 办公室desk 书桌chair 椅子file 文件3. 职场沟通meeting 会议negotiation 谈判presentation 展示discussion 讨论cooperation 合作team 团队project 项目goal 目标achievement 成就本词汇表涵盖雅思考试常见场景，帮助考生提高词汇储备，为雅思考试助力。
(完整word版)雅思写作词伙分类
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总一．科技类1。
advanced science 尖端科学2。
scientific invention 科学发明3。
exert a far—reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响4。
double—edged sword 双刃剑5。
earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路7。
lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础8。
energy crisis 能源危机9.depletion of resources 能源消耗10。
milestone 里程碑11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备12。
technical innovation 科技创新13。
expediency 权宜之计14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的15。
over-commercialized 过渡商业化的16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论17。
exhaust gas 废气18。
disastrous 灾难性的19.overshadow 使…相形见绌20。
compared to/with…与…相比21。
usher in 引领22。
speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适23。
opposite forces 负面影响24。
a fatal breakdown 致命故障25.potential hazards 潜在危险26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展28。
accelerate 加速…29.means of transportation 交通方式30.transportation tools 交通工具31。
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇2.1 金钱原则（MONEY）a tight budget 资金紧张alleviate vt.减轻，使（痛苦等）易于忍受bankrupt n .破产者；adj.破产了的be short of 缺乏beggar n .乞丐burden n..担子，压力，负担；v .担负burn money 浪费钱charity hospital 慈善医院consumption n .消费（量）costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的dear adj.昂贵的destitute adj.穷困的，缺乏的(destitution)economic burden 经济负担economic difficulty 经济困难eligible children 适龄儿童(eligibility)eliminate vt.排除，消除expend vt.花费，消耗，支出expenditure n .花费，支出，消耗expensive adj.花费的，昂贵的finance vt.资助，供给……经费，负担经费；n .财政，金融financial aid 经济资助financial strain 资金紧张，经济压力foreign currency 外汇go broken 破产government revenue 政府税收health care 医疗保健homeless adj.无家的，无家可归的illiteracy n .文盲income n .收入，收益insurance n .保险（单/费）invest v .投资jobless n .失业者；adj.失业的lack n .缺乏，短缺的东西；vt .缺乏laid-off worker 下岗工人limited public funds 有限的公共资金luxurious adj.奢侈的，豪华的miserable adj.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的money-consuming 浪费钱的money-oriented 拜金主义的necessity n .必要性，需要，（日常）必需品needy adj.贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的nursing house 敬老院orphanage n .孤儿院overdraft n .透支pauper n .叫花子，乞丐poor adj.贫穷的，可怜的poverty line 贫困线，贫穷线poverty-stricken adj.贫穷/乏的precious adj.宝贵的，贵重的，珍爱的profitable adj.盈利的，有益的，有利可图的run out of 用完，用光，耗尽scarcity n .缺乏，不足shelter n .庇护所，栖身之所；v .掩蔽，躲避shortage n .不足，缺乏squander v.浪费subsidize v .资助，津贴(subsidy; subsidization)taxpayer n .纳税人throw money into thin air 浪费钱valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的welfare n .福利，安宁，幸福，社会安全；adj.福利的2.2 时间原则（TIME）abandon oneself to 沉溺于academic performance 学习表现，学习成绩addictive adj. 上瘾的alluring adj.迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的a time filler 消磨时间的事物a (great )waste of time and resources 浪费（大量的）时间和资源be obsessed with 沉迷于be wasteful of 浪费detract v .转移;减损；贬低distract v .转移distracting adj.分心的discontinue one's studying 辍学efficiency n .效率，功效induce vt .劝诱，促使，导致，引起limited adj.有限的，狭窄的lure v .引诱misleading adj.易误解的，令人误解的，引人歧途的，骗人的occupy vt .占用pass time 消磨时光productivity n .生产力resist the temptation 抵挡诱惑revel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于，沉迷于self-discipline n .自律，自我约束self-control n .自控（能力），克己，自制refrain vi./n . 节制，避免，制止restrain vt .抑制，制止rewarding adj.有益的，值得的skip classes 逃课squeeze time 挤时间take up 占用，开始从事time-consuming adj.消耗时间的wallow in 沉溺于wile away the time 消磨时间(wile 诡计，骗人的把戏/ 欺骗，诱惑)2.3 健康原则（HEALTH）a meager diet 素食acute adj.急性的；敏锐；激烈；严重acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎aerobic exercise 有氧运动allergy n .过敏症 (allergic)be physically damaging 有害健康的calcium magnesium 镁化钙cancer-causing n .致癌cancerous adj.癌的carcinogen n .致癌物质carnivorous adj.食肉类的 (carnivore—herbivore/vegetarian—omnivore) chronic adj.慢性的convenience food 方便食品coronary heart disease 冠心病deleterious adj.有害的，有毒的depression n .郁郁（症），沮丧，消沉do harm to one's health 有害健康endanger vt .危及energetic adj.精力充沛的，积极的epidemic n .传染病excessive intake 过量摄入eye irritation 眼睛发炎fatigue n .疲乏，疲劳fitness n .健康fume n .（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气体harmful adj.有毒的，有害的，伤害的hazardous adj.危险的，有害的high fat and calorie 高脂肪和高热量hygiene n .保健法，卫生hypertension n .高血压，过度紧张immune adj.免疫的impair v .削弱，危及 (impairment)incurable disease 绝症indigestion n .消化不良indolent adj.小痛的无痛的；顽性的恢复缓慢的；懒惰的 (indolence)infectious disease 传染病insomnia an .失眠（症）amnesia n.健忘症euthanasia安乐死jog n .慢跑junk food 垃圾食品，无营养食品lose weight 减肥malady n .疾病；不正之风malnutrition n .营养失调，营养不良morbid adj.病态的，不正常的myopia n.近视；缺乏远见 =short-sightedness/ nearsightedness hyperopia/hypermetropia n. 远视neurotic adj.神经质的nocuous adj.有害的，有毒的nourishment n .食物，营养品noxious adj.有害的=toxicoily food 油腻食物organ transplant 器官移植overweight n.超重pernicious adj.有害的;致命的pernicious anemia 恶性贫血poisonous adj.有毒的prevention n .预防，防止psychological pressure 心理压力radiation n .辐射，放射线remedy n .疗法sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式sore throat 喉咙发炎，喉咙疼stroke n .中风symptom n .[医]症状，征兆tiredness n .疲劳，疲倦toxic gas 有毒气体tranquillizer n .镇静药tuberculosis n .肺结核tumor n .瘤vegetarian n .素食者； adj.素食的vigorous adj.精力旺盛的，有力的健壮的virus n .病毒，毒害vitamin C 维生素Cweariness n .疲倦，厌烦，疲劳wholesome adj.健康的，有益的cure v .治愈，治疗； n .治愈，痊愈treatment n .治疗，处理，对待2.4 情感原则（EMOTION）abandoned adj.被抛弃的，自甘堕落的,没有约事的abuse n .虐待，辱骂；v .滥用，虐待，辱骂affectionate adj.充满深情的，挚爱的alienate v .疏远anxiety n .忧虑，焦急，渴望，热望apartness n .冷漠，孤独apathy n .缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠break up 破碎，分裂，结束brutal adj.残酷的cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的congenial adj.性格相似的，适意的deserted adj.为人所弃的desolation n .孤独，凄凉devoted adj.投入的，深爱的distance n .疏远的，距离，远离divorce n .离婚emotion n .情绪，情感，感情emotional needs 感情需求estrangement n .疏远(estrange)extra-marital affairs 婚外恋faithful adj.守信的，忠实的，可靠的friendly adj.友好的ignore vt .不理睬，忽视indifferent adj.冷漠的inhospitable adj.冷淡的，不好客的inhospitality n .冷淡，不和气，冷漠introverted adj.内向的，含蓄的introvert n. (extroverted; extrovert) isolated adj.孤独的，孤单的，隔离的，孤立的loyal adj.忠诚的，忠心的maltreat v t .虐待misunderstanding n .误会，误解neglect vt./n .忽视，疏忽nonchalance n .冷淡; 漠不关心(nonchalant)optimist n .乐天派，乐观者pessimistic adj.悲观的，厌世的refreshing adj.令人精神爽快的resentment n .怨恨，愤恨restful adj.宁静的romantic adj.浪漫的，空想的，夸大的sincerity n .诚挚，真实，真挚stable adj.稳定的stoniness n .冷漠; 一名不文strained adj.紧张的superior adj.高傲的，出众的；n .长者，高手，上级turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻，置若罔闻unconcern n .漫不经心，冷淡，不关心unsociable adj.不爱交际的warm-hearted adj.热心的wear a long face 拉长着脸withdrawn adj.性格内向的，孤独的world-weary adj.厌世的2.5 智力与教育原则（INTELLECT AND EDUCATION） ability of expression 表达能力acumen n .敏锐，洞察力(business/ financial/ political~) adept adj.熟练的，拿手的appreciate vt .赏识，鉴赏assessment n.评价，估价book worm 书虫brain n .智力，脑髓brightness n .聪明，智慧bring into the talents 发挥才干clumsiness n .笨拙computer literacy 计算机知识creative adj.创造性的creativity n .创造力，创造criterion n .标准discernment n .识别力，洞察力(discern; discernible) excel v .优于，优秀，胜过他人experience n ./vt .经验，体验，经历，阅历experienced adj.富有经验的explore v .探险，探究，开发fantastic adj.幻想的，荒谬的，空想的genius n .天才，天赋high-quality adj.高质量的idealism n .理想主义illogical adj.缺乏逻辑的imagination n .想象（力）individuality n .个性，个人的特性ingenious adj.机灵的，有创造力的inherence n .（性质等的）内在，固有，天赋innate adj.天生的，与生俱来的inquisitive adj.好追根究底的，好奇的(inquire) insight n.洞察力，见识instinct n .直觉，本能instinctive adj.本能的instructive adj.有意义的，在教育性的intellect n .智力intellectual adj.理智的，知识的intellectuality n .智力，知性intelligence quotient 智商IQ Emotional Quotient learned person 知识渊博的人literacy n .有文化，在教养，在读写能力master vt .精通，掌握mediocrity n .平庸（的人）(mediocre)mental growth 智力发展mold v .塑造narrow-minded adj.思想狭隘的nature n .本性，天性nonsensical adj.无意义的，荒谬的observation n .观察，观测perception n.洞察力，感知，理解perspective n .观点，看法，观点potential adj.潜在的，可能的；n .潜能，潜力prodigy n .天才（特指神童）promote vt .促进，发扬，推广，宣传，提升，提拔，晋升为put into great play 充分发挥quality education 素质教育savor n .滋味，风味，体验，品味shrewd adj.精明的sophisticated adj.复杂的，老练的，世故的stimulate vt .刺激，激励survival ability 生存能力tactful adj.机智的，得体的; 老练圆滑talented adj.有才能的technology-dependent adj.依赖科技的tele-education n .远程教育thinking pattern 思维模式utilitarian adj.功利的，实利的，功利主义的wisdom n .智慧，明智的行为，学识，至理名言wit n .智力，才智，智慧2．6 心理原则（PSYCHOLOGY）abnormality n .异常，例外aggressive adj.好斗的，敢作敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的alleviate stress 缓解压力arrogant adj.傲慢的，自大的aspiring adj.有抱负的，有雄心的behavior n .行为，举止brittle adj.脆弱的complacent adj.自满的，自鸣得意的complacency n. contented adj.心满足的cowardly adj.胆小的craven n .懦夫，胆小鬼，怯懦者；adj.怯懦的，畏缩的，胆小的curmudgeon n .坏脾气的人, 乖戾的老人devotion n .热爱，投入disrespectful adj.失礼的，无礼的ego n .自我，利已主义embarrass vt .使困窘，使局促不安envious adj.嫉妒的extrovert n .性格外向者introvert n.性格内向者frail adj.脆弱的idiosyncrasy n .(心理)特异品质，气质，习性；表现手法，风格indifference n .不感兴趣，漠不关心insatiable adj.不知足的，贪得无厌的irritable adj.易怒的lonesome adj.孤单的，寂寞的mad adj.疯狂的melancholy adj.忧郁的mentality n .智力，精神，心理，思想情况nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的nervous breakdown 神经失常out of control 失去理智的，控制不了的out-going adj.外向的pessimism n .悲观（主义）proper pride 自尊心psychology n .心理学，心理状态rational adj.理性的，合理的snobbish adj.势利的solitary adj.孤独的sorrow n..悲伤superstitious adj.迷信的temperamental adj.喜怒无常的timid adj.胆小的，羞怯的unrealistic adj.不切实际的，不实在的2．7权利原则（RIGHTS）abolish vt .废止，废除（法律，制度，习俗等）abortion n .流产，堕胎accuse vt .指责animals rights advocate n .动物权益保护者ban n .禁令；vt .禁止，取缔（书刊等）bereave vt .剥夺，使失去be bereft of 失去，丧失，被剥夺blackout n.新闻封锁，广播中断；断电，灯火管制；暂时意识丧失，一时晕眩capital punishment 死刑censorship n .审查机构，审查制度civil right 民权collectivism n .集体主义（思想）confidential adj.秘密的constitute vt .制定（法律）consumers 'association 消委会copyright n .版权delinquent n .失职者,违法者adj.有过失的,违法的juvenile delinquency demand as one's due 视为……的权利deprive vt .剥夺，使丧失ofdistortion n .歪曲，扭曲enact vt .制定法律，颁布enjoy the freedom 享受自由enjoy the privacy 享受个人空间establishment n .确立，制定euthanasia n .安乐死= mercy killingfair- minded adj. 公正的fight for the freedom 为自由而战forbid vt .禁止，不许force n .被迫，经历，魄力；vt .强制，强加freedom of speech 言论自由human rights 人权humanistic adj. 人道主义的inalienable a. 不可剥夺的,不能让与的alienate转让alienator转让人alienee受让人individualistic adj.个人主义的interference n .冲突，干涉intermeddle vt .干涉，管闲事meddle (in)= interfereintervene vi.干涉，干预，介入intimate adj.亲密的invade v .侵犯，侵害inviolable adj.神圣的jurisdiction n .审判权,管辖权,司法权jurisprudence法学，法律学just adj.公正的justified adj.合情合理的liberation n .解放，释放liberty n .自由，特权licit adj.合法的，正当的illicitlimit n .限制；vt .限制litigate v.起诉litigant诉讼当事人litigation n. indict[inˈdait] v.起诉控告指控indictment n.misbirth n .流产，堕胎monopoly n .垄断oppression n .压迫oust of 剥夺,撤职,驱逐,撵走privacy n .独处而不受干扰，秘密，隐私prohibit vt .禁止，阻止right of subsistence 生命权subsist 供给食物,维持生活,生存,供养righteous adj.正直的，正当的，正义的rightful adj.公正的set down 制定set free 释放social security 社会保障，社会保险stress n .重压，压力stringent adj.严厉的，迫切的，严格的unprejudiced adj.公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的violate vt .违犯，亵渎（圣物），违反violation n .违反，侵害，违背political constraint 政治的压力military service 兵役2.8 环保原则（ENVIRONMENT）accessible adj.易接近的，可到达的acid n .酸性物质anthropologist n.人类学家anthropology n.antiseptic n ./a. 防腐剂,杀菌剂septic a. 受感染的,腐败的; 败血症的atmospheric pollution 大气污染available adj.可利用的，有用的be exhausted 被耗尽的beautification n .美化，装饰begrimed adj.污秽的begrime v. grime n/v 污垢弄污biodegradable adj.生物所能分解的degradable a.可降解的blameworthy adj.应受谴责的bucolic adj.田园的，农村生活的n 土包子rustic 乡村的粗野的淳朴的cancer n .癌chemical-waste 化工废料cityscape n .都市风景landscape n.condition n .条件，环境congest v .使密集，拥塞conserve vt.保护，保存，保藏contaminant n .致污物，污染物contaminate v.污染convenient adj.便利的，方便的depersonalization n . 使变得失去人性，使变得漠然dehumanization n. durable adj.持久的，耐用的ecological balance 生态平衡ecological system 生态系统ecology n .生态学emit n .排放endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种energy shortage 能源短缺environment n..环境，生态环境，自然环境environmentalist n .环境保护论者，环境论者environmentally friendly 环保友好的exhaust vt .用尽，耗尽；vi.排气；n.废气food chain 食物链food pollution 食品污染fume n .烟garbage n .垃圾，废物gene n .基因globalization n .全球一体化illaudable a.应受谴责的laudable=praiseworthy值得称赞laud, laudatory title美称illegal adj.违法的，不合规定的incinerator n .焚化装置，焚化炉incinerate焚化毁弃irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害junk n .垃圾landscape n .风景landslip n .山泥倾泻滑坡土崩landslide 山崩压倒性胜利light pollution 光污染meteorologist n .气象学家meteor大气现象,流行meteorology气象学meteoric大气的,流星的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipality自治市市当局municipal sewage 城市污水optimize the environment 尽可能改善工作环境overpass n .立交桥pastoral adj.田园生活的，乡村的pesticide n .农药picturesque adj.迷人的preserve vt .保护，保存radioactivity n .放射性rare animal 稀有动物rarity n .稀有recyclable adj.可循环的rubbish n .垃圾，废物ruin v .（使）堕落，毁灭，毁掉smelly adj.发臭的，有臭味的soil erosion 水土流失erosion腐蚀侵蚀磨损减少soil pollution 土壤污染spoil vt.损坏，扰乱，宠坏，溺爱，搞糟squalid adj.肮脏的stain n .污点，瑕疵；v.染污，沾污stink v .发出臭味subsistence n .生存，生活surroundings n .环境tar n .焦油toxic chemical 有毒化学品traffic jam 交通阻塞trash n .无价值之物，垃圾，废物white trash穷苦白人,贫穷白人的后裔trashy a. tunnel n.隧道，地道unbearable adj.无法忍受的，承受不住的unspoiled adj.未被毁坏的vegetation n .植被，植物，蔬菜ventilation n .通风；用新鲜空气净化ventilate使通风公开讨论vicious circle恶性循环virtuous circle 良性循环waste gas 废气wastewater n .废气water body pollution 水体污染wild animal 野生动物wilderness n . 荒野，荒地wildlife n .野生动植物worsen v .（使）变得更坏，恶化，损害2．9文化与传统原则（CULTURE AND TRADITION）aboriginal culture 土著（原来的）文化aborigines n.土著居民aboriginal language 土著语言absorb the quintessence 吸取精华quintessence典型完美榜样精华第五元素quint aesthetic value 美学价值aesthetic adj.美学的，审美的ancestor n . 祖先，祖宗ancient adj.古代的，远古的antiquated idea 陈旧观念=outdatedarcheologist n .考古学家artistic value 艺术价值be on the way to extinction接近灭绝的边缘be passed down 传递be proud of 感到骄傲be under threat of extinction 处于灭绝的境地bequeath v .遗留，传下brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化calligraphy n .书法carry forward 发扬光大推进celebrated adj.著名的characteristic adj.特有的，典型的；n .特性，特征cherish vt.珍视，珍爱，怀抱（希望等）harbor心怀（怨恨）civilization n .文明，文化，文明社会civilized adj.开化了的，文明的，文明社会clever blend of traditional and modern 传统与现代的巧妙结合colorless adj.无色的，无趣味的comic dialogue 相声costume n .服装，装束cradle of culture 文化摇篮cross-talk n . 相声cultivate v .培养，养成cultural assimilation 文化同化cultural background 文化背景cultural habit 文化习惯cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化特性cultural institution 文化机构cultural legacy 文化遗产cultural object and historic relic 文化古迹diverse culture 多元化的文化diversity n .差异，多样性dominant language 主流的语言embroidery n .刺绣品，刺绣，装饰endangered language 濒临灭绝的语言ethnic and cultural identity 民族文化特色folk art 民间艺术forced assimilation 强迫同化gallery n .戏院，美术陈列室，画廊genre n .流派globalization of culture 文化全球一体化great and profound 博大精深的hindrance n .妨碍，障碍without let or hindrance 无阻碍的historic relic 历史文物homogenous world culture 同一的世界文化homogenize 使均匀使一致identity n .民族特点，国家特色immortal adj.不朽的impediment n .妨碍，阻碍imperishable adj.不朽的in danger 处于危险之中in vogue 正时兴，正在流行indigenous language 本土语言indigenize 使本土化本国化ingrain notion 根深蒂固的看法ingrain v.使根深蒂固生染a.染色的根深蒂固的ingrained in language extinction 语言消亡language loss 语言消失language preservation 语言保护linguistic diversity 语言多元化living heirloom 传家宝mainstream lifestyle 主流生活方式minority language 少数民族语言minority people 少数民族mother tongue 母语national estrangement 民族隔阂national identity 民族特性national pride 民族自豪感national unity 民族团结native language 母语obsolete adj.过时的，废弃的，陈旧的obstacle n .障碍，妨害物obstruction n .阻塞，妨碍，障碍物old-fashioned adj.过时的open-minded adj.思想开放的opera n.歌剧out of fashion 不流行的outmoded adj.过时的out-of-date adj.过时的outside influence 外来影响paper-cuttin g n .剪纸patron n .赞助人place of interest 名胜古迹prime n..精华；adj.首要的puppet show 木偶剧quintessence n .精萃，精华，典范reject the dross and assimilate the essence 剔除糟粕，吸取精华remains n .遗迹reservation n .保留，保护sculpture n ./v.雕刻，雕塑sense of belonging 归属感shame n .羞耻，羞愧small ethnic group 少数民族sociology n .社会学splendid adj.壮丽的，辉煌的，极好的spread v .传播state of endangerment 濒危的状态stylish adj.时髦的，漂亮的，流行的superficial adj.表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的take pride in 以……为荣temple n .寺庙traditional cultural education 传统文化教育traditional culture 传统文化transform vt .转换，改变，转化，变换，改造transmit vt.传输，发射，传播treasure n .财富，财产；v .珍爱，爱惜tribal tradition 种族传统tribe n .部落unique adj.惟一的，独特的unorthodox adj.非正统的orthodoxvanish vi.消失，突然不见的variety n .多样性，品种，种类，变化vessel of communication 交流的工具war and genocide战争和种族大屠杀ethnic cleansing种族清洗种族灭绝wave of cultural globalization 文化全球一体化的浪潮wisdom n .智慧woodcarving n .木雕2．10 道德与犯罪原则（MORALITY AND CRIME）abuse ,neglect and delinquency 虐待，忽视，行为不良addiction n .沉溺，上瘾adolescent adj.青春期的，青春的；n .青少年affection n .友爱，爱情，影响aggressive behavior 进攻性行为anomaly n .不规则，异常的人或物anomalous a.antisocial adj.不擅社交的，反社会的armed robbery 持械抢劫arson n .纵火，纵火罪avenge oneself on 向……报仇，向……进行报复be charged with 被指控犯罪be guilty of 有罪be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀bully n .欺凌弱小者；vt .威吓，威逼burglary v .入室行窃burglar n.child abuse 摧殘儿童，虐待儿童confidence ,self-esteem and life skills 信心，自信和生活技能copy n.模仿，仿效curiosity n .好奇（心）degenerate v .退化，恶化，堕落deprivation n .剥夺, 丧失depravity n. 堕落, 恶习depraved adj.堕落的，邪恶的detrimental adj.有害的（to）=damaging to the detriment of=resulting in harm/damage to differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非domestic violence 家庭暴力drug addict 吸毒者drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精dupe n .易受骗的人，易受愚弄的人；vt .欺骗，愚弄duplicity n. duplicitous a. egocentric person 自私自利的人emotional adj.情绪的，情感的evil adj.邪恶的；n .邪恶，罪恶fall a victim to 成为……的牺牲品follow like sheep 盲从go astray 误入歧途guilty adj.犯罪的，有罪的，内疚的inexperience n .无经验，不熟练，缺乏处世之道或知识inexperienced adj.无经验的，不熟练的intervention n .干涉juvenile adj.青少年的material comforts 物质享受monitoring and supervision 监管morally corrupt 道德败坏的naive adj.天真的，幼稚的negative role model 负面榜样obsession n .迷住，困扰offender n .罪犯，冒犯者，犯法者offensive material 不恰当的材料，不雅材料parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容peer influence 同伴的影响peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力perpetrator n .犯罪者，作恶者personality trait 性格特征perverted adj.不正当的pervert v.误入歧途physical abuse 体罚pornographic adj.色情的，色情作品的poverty n .贫穷，贫困pregnancy n .怀孕primp v .<美>（过分讲究地）打扮，装饰proper guidance 恰当的指引prostitution n .卖淫，堕落，滥用respect n./v. 尊敬，敬重，尊重retaliate v .报复retaliatory a.risky behavior 危险的行为self-centered adj.自我为中心的sequacious adj.盲从的, 前后一贯的sexual harassment 性骚扰single-parent family 单亲家庭sinister adj.险恶的,邪恶的,罪恶的,不祥的spoiled adj.宠坏的strengthen the family ties 增强家庭感情substance abuse 滥用毒品take fantasy for reality 把虚幻当现实take vengeance on 报仇thievery n .偷窃trusting adj.信任的,信赖的unwed mother 未婚妈妈upbringing n .抚育,教养victim n.受害人,牺牲品victimization n .受害,牺牲,欺骗violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲。
雅思写作常用写作词汇
Nancy附录二十大话题教育类（education）pulsory education 义务教育2. vocational education 职业教育3. academic performance 学业表现4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情5. puppy/ calf love 早恋6. corporal punishment 体罚7. tuition fee 学费8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督9. individual tutorship 个人辅导10. turning point 转折点11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校14. generation gap 代沟15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语）16. play truant 逃学17. school shootings 校园枪击18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导21. cultivate independence 培养独立性22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任25. be prone to do 容易做某事26. go astray 误入歧途27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧31. peer pressure 同辈的压力32. formative years 性格形成期33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟34. a sense of superiority 优越感35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者39. a sense of belonging 归属感40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施42. education reform 教育改革科技类（science and technology）1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的）2.side effects 副作用3.technological revolution 科技革命4.nuclear weapons 核武器5.soil degradation 土壤退化6.industrial mass-production 工业化大生产7.enhance working efficiency and productivity 增强工作效率和生产力8.substitute for humans 替代人类9.intelligent machines 智能机器10.humanization 人性化11.unnerving problems 令人不安的问题12.eye-friendly 对眼睛无害的13.electronic innovation 电子革新14.global village 地球村15.industrial revolution 工业革命16.mechanization 机械化17.automation 自动化18.scientific discovery 科学发现19.cloning technology 克隆技术20.replica of an individual organ 人体器官的复制品an transplant 移植器官22.genetic defect 基因缺陷~ engineering 基因工程~ code 基因密码~ variability 基因变异23.ethically and morally wrong 有悖伦理道德24.space exploration 太空探索25.Global Positioning Systems 全球定位系统26.nanotechnology 纳米技术27.impersonal device 非人性化的设备环境资源类（environment and resources）1.environmental protection (conservation)环境保护environmental conservationist 环保主义者2.human activities 人类活动3.city dwellers 城市居民4.traffic congestion /traffic jam交通堵塞heavy traffic 形容交通拥挤5.disposable products 一次性用品ndfill 垃圾填埋场7.litter collection and disposal 垃圾收集和处理8.deforestation 砍伐森林9.greenhouse effect 温室效应10.acid rain 酸雨11.sand storm 沙尘暴12.solar energy 太阳能13.ban on plastic bags 禁塑令14.maintain the ecological balance 维持生态平衡15.eco-friendly/environmental friendly环保的16.natural disaster 自然灾害17.a natural evolutionary process 自然进化的过程18.short-term profit 短期利益19.sustainable development 可持续发展20.food chain 食物链21.diversity of life 生物多样性22.endangered species 濒危灭绝23.ozone layer 臭氧层24.forceful law and regulations 有力的法律法规25.raise people’s environmental awareness 增强人们的环境意识26.non-profit advertisement 公益广告27.dispose of the rubbish 处理垃圾28.the deterioration of the environment 环境恶化29.animal right activists 动物权益保护者30.wildlife preservation 野生动物保护31.survival of the fittest 适者生存32.turn a blind eye to 视而不见turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻政府类（government）ernment administration 政府管理2.national defense 国防3.high levels of secrecy 高度机密4.financial strength 财力national revenue 国家财政收入national purse support 国家财政支持5.expand domestic demand/ need 扩大内需6.social undertaking 社会事业7.national public health system 全国公共卫生体系8.infrastructure 基础设施9.pilot project 试点项目10.feasible plan 可行的计划11.institutional innovation 体制创新12.economic return 经济效益13.financial crisis 金融危机(economic downturn / slowdown/ slump/ depression/)14.foreign direct investment 外商直接投资15.supporting measures 配套措施16.income gap 收入差距17.promote all-round, balanced and sustainable development of the economy and society 推动经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展ernment mechanism 政府机制19.reduce expenditure 减少开支curtail (vt) 削减20.a beneficial economic cycle 良性经济循环21.expand intra-county economics 壮大县域经济22.carry out the process of urbanization 推动城镇化23.public fitness program 公共健身运动bat the threat of violence to the general public 与对公众产生暴力的威胁斗争25.the true portrayal of what is happening around 是发生在周围事件的真实描绘26.strict regulation严格控制27.non-government sources 非政府渠道28.unshakeable duty （工作上）无法逃避的责任29.both financially and spiritually 经济上和精神上的30.put forward a number of possible solutions 提出一些可行的解决方法31.satellite towns 卫星城镇32.preferential policies to promote the construction of high-rise apartment buildings 优惠政策推动高层公寓住房的修建33.rapid depletion of social security fund and strained financial resources 社会保障资金的快速消耗和紧张的财政资源34.be overly financially dependent 过度的经济依赖35.physical inferiority 体力不支36.pension fund 养老金pension scheme 养老计划37.to downsize government budget 缩减政府预算38.shoulder the share of responsibility 承担共同的责任39.be better off 情况更好40.medical and educational service 医疗和教育服务41.to give top priority 列为重点42.a fair shake 一视同仁43.low-hanging fruit 容易实现的目标44.authorities 当局45.regulate/ administer/ oversee (vt.) 规范，管理46.implement 实施vt.47.legislate（vi）/ make laws 立法48.a democratic and progressive government 民主与开放的政府49.strictly prohibit/ ban v 严禁50.Stringent laws/ legislation 严格的法律51.rules and regulations 规章制度52.allocate money to sth/ subsidize (vt.)/ be a patron of / invest in/ finance(vt)/ fund(vt.)/ dedicate money to sth 为。
雅思写作、口语常考话题：“老龄化”相关词汇整理
让知识带有温度。
雅思写作、口语常考话题：“老龄化”相关词汇整理雅思写作、口语常考话题：“老龄化”相关词汇做过真题的雅思索生们应当都有发觉，雅思的大作文和口语中有一个话题是常常提及到的，那就是“老龄化”话题，这个也是贴合了当代社会的进展问题，所以我们要特殊留意这一话题。
接下来就让我为你整理好关于“老龄化”话题常用的词汇吧。
1.life expectancy 预期寿命2.live longer 寿命变长3.the population grows older 人口老化4.people of retirement age 退休老人5.be eligible to receive a pension 有资格领退休金6.young adults 年轻人7.working adults 工作年龄的人(和退休老人对比)8.receive less money in taxes 税收削减9.an aging population 渐渐老龄化的人口10.a greater tax burden 渐渐增大的税务/税收负担11.a rise in the demand for healthcare 医疗需求增长第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。
12.look after elderly relatives 照看老龄亲属13.increase the retirement age 提高退休年龄14.a productive working life 高产的工作生活15.encourage immigration 鼓舞移民16.increase the number of working adults 增加工作人口数量文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
第2页/共2页。
雅思写作话题词汇和话题解析
雅思写作话题词汇和话题解析今日我和大家共享雅思写作话题词汇和话题解析，希望能够关怀到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思写作话题词汇和话题解析：关于社团活动的商议雅思写作话题题目：Full-time university students spend much of their time on study. Some people think that it is essential for them to take some other activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (大学生花太多的时间在学习上，有些人认为大学生应当多参加其他的课外活动，你同意还是不同意?)【关键词分析】这道真题的关键词考生应当落脚在other activities，这个关键词范围很广意味考生可以借鉴相关的话题进行分析，例如社团活动，兼职，义工，运动等都可以叫做其他活动。
考生可以通过替换熟识的爱好进行讲解。
此外，因为范围广，所以考生需要留意若想得高分，需要构造一个新颖的话题，不能过于陈旧，例如打篮球之类的。
【结构与思路】该类真题属于教育类，题型也是常见的是否同意的观点，今年出现的频率也是很高的，建议考生实行双边支持的看法，赞同上述题目中的观点。
在小站君看来，考生可以实行五段式的写法进行观点的论述。
考生需要花两段去说明参加社团活动的重要性，一般可以归纳为三点：第一，扩展和学习不是从课本里出来的见识，加强综合能力;第二是进展人际关系，有利于社会圈的构建。
第三，可以把课本的学问应用在实际生活中去。
然后，考生需要花两段承认学习的重要性，因为学习是大学的主要目的，学习不仅仅只是课本上的内容，还可以收获更多新的观点。
最终强调一下这两者都很重要，然后要找到最合适的平衡，不能过多倾向任何一方。
【雅思写作话题词汇】Academic achievement 学业成就Out-of-the-classroom activities走出课堂活动Well-rounded individual 个人的全面进展Provide could positively impact students emotional development 提供学生情商的进展Negotiate, manage conflict and cooperate with fellow students协商、管理冲突、与同学合作Extracurricular involvement课外参与Abilities, talents and career goals能力、人才和职业目标Advance academically and to mature socially 有利于学术化和社会化To volunteer service-related projects志愿服务相关项目雅思写作高频词汇和话题解析：关于独居生活的商议雅思写作话题题目：As countries develop, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family unit. What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life? (在发达国家中，很多人选择独居或者小家庭，什么缘由，对社会和家庭有什么影响?)【关键词分析】很多考生对于live individually or in a small family unit特殊生疏，单纯理解为家庭成员很少，然后一起生活之类的意思。
雅思写作大作文常见话题及分论点总结
常见话题分类及分论点词汇短语总结⼀一.教育1. 学习⾳音乐、体育的重要性培养团队精神和思考能⼒力Foster team spirit critical thinking提升⽂文化修养和对⽂文学艺术的欣赏⽔水平self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature.提⾼高⾝身体素质，养成良好的⽣生活习惯Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle2. 学习数学的重要性培养独⽴立思考、创造性思考、分析和解决问题能⼒力independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability数学是很多学科的基础Fundamental subject3.孩⼦子是否应该obey the rules由于年轻和缺乏经验，孩⼦子容易误⼊入歧途，所以很多时候他们需要⽼老师和⽗父母的建议和指导。
go astrayInexperienced be more likely to do孩⼦子迟早都要⾃自⼰己做决定，如果他们从⼩小只会服从命令，那么会慢慢失去主见。
the ability and desire to form their own opinion4.孩⼦子成长谁负责？parents家长以⾃自⼰己为榜样，帮助孩⼦子形成正确的⼈人⽣生观和价值观role modelhelp foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life孩⼦子早年⼤大部分时间与家长在⼀一起，家长塑造孩⼦子们的性格Shape personalityteacher/ school传授理论知识impart knowledge platform提⾼高⼈人际交往能⼒力interpersonal skills媒体对孩⼦子的影响Questionable contents教育类核⼼心词汇：theoretical 理论的practical 实际的scope of knowledge 知识⾯面lighten the burden of 减轻...的负担nurture 培养，教育 motivation 动⼒力physical ⾝身体上的psychological ⼼心理上的intelligence 智⼒力，智能intellectual 智⼒力的，有智⼒力的，n. 知识分⼦子motivate 激发potential 潜在的，潜⼒力talent 天才，才能qualify （使）具有资格discipline 纪律，学科subject 科⽬目，学科adolescent 青少年，青春期的mature 成熟的interactive 互动的，交互式的learn by rote 死记硬背feedback 反馈learner-oriented 以学⽣生为导向的exam-oriented education 应试教育force-feed the students 填鸭式教法教学⽣生raise family 养家achieve life value 实现⼈人⽣生价值degree factory 学历⼯工⼚厂all-rounded 全⾯面的impart knowledge 传授知识obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills获得知识和技能quality education素质教育team spirit 团队精神become qualified employees 成为合格雇员adapt to 适应某事dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学⽣生的积极性enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富了社会和⽣生活阅历practical and professional skills 实⽤用的职业技能become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争⼒力make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做出贡献encourage students to think critically and independently ⿎鼓励学⽣生批判地和独⽴立地思考promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development促进学⽣生的⾝身体、智⼒力和情感发展help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 帮助年轻⼈人树⽴立正确的价值观、世界观、⼈人⽣生观A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的⼀一个缩影。
雅思IELTS写作136个必备词汇(十天突破雅思写作-第四版-慎小嶷)
雅思I E L T S写作136个必备词汇(十天突破雅思写作-第四版-慎小嶷)-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN1家长给小孩的教育parenting n.2学校对学生的教育schooling n.3培养cultivate vt.4意识awareness = sense = recognition n.5有创造力的creative / original adj.6身体的physical adj.7心理的psychological adj.8同龄人peer n.9动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的）10适应...adapt to提供….afford sth. v.11纪律discipline n.12记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt.13获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills）14有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代interesting）Media15形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere16客观的objective adj.17不客观的biased adj.18名人celebrity n.19记者journalists n.20新闻界the press21报道coverage n. （动词是cover）22有误导性的misleading adj.23可靠的dependable adj.24非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj.sway vt.25媒体影响公众经常用sway后面加宾语的表达26信息量大的informative adj.27娱乐性强的entertaining adj.Technology28改变transform vt. 代替change29突破breakthrough n.30发展advance v. & n.31惊人的速度 a staggering rate32信息爆炸information overload33提高，增强enhance = boost vt.34创新，发明innovations n.35远程通讯telecommunications n.36高生产率的（它的名词productive adj.productivity生产率在科技类话题也很常用）37首要任务priority n.38稳定stability n.39建立establish vt.40解决...solve = combat = tackle = resolve = address vt. 41减轻，缓解alleviate = ease vt.42对...投资invest in = allocate money to43当局the authorities44禁止ban = forbid = prohibit vt.45监督scrutinise / monitor vt.46管理administer = regulate vt.47税收tax revenue48民主的democratic adj.49需求demand vt. & n.50高效率的efficient adj.Tourism51开阔人的眼界broaden one’s horizons / expand one’s outlook 52冲突conflicts n.53探索explore vt.54促进promote vt. （反义词是restrict，阻碍或限制）55旅游点tourist attraction56当地居民local residents = local inhabitants57互相了解mutual understanding58丰富人的经历enrich one’s experienceLanguagesthe proliferation of...59...的大量扩散（比如英语，互联网，环境污染等）60在...占统领地位plays a dominant role in...61灭绝go extinct62小语种lesser-known languages63 ...的广泛使用the widespread use of...Culture64祖先ancestors n.descendants n.65后代（注意倒数第三个字母是a不是e，很容易拼错）66文化同化cultural assimilation67盲目的indiscriminate adj.68历史悠久的time-honoured n.69文化遗产cultural heritage70文化多样性cultural diversity71文化特征cultural identity72少数民族ethnic minorities73生活节奏the pace of life = the tempo of life74城乡差距the gap between the urban area and the ruralarea75消除eliminate vt.76质量差的inferior adj.77设施facilities n.78（人与人之间）疏远的alienated adj.79（人）物质化的，现实materialistic adj.的贫穷的impoverished富裕的，有钱的affluent80现状the present situation = the current situation = thestatus quo81建筑的外观exterior n.82功能function n.Globalisation83席卷一切的潮流sweeping trendssynthesize the Asian and the Western cultures 84有机结合东西文化（culture表示种类时可以加复数）85侵蚀（本土文化）erode vt.双刃剑 a double-edged sword86普遍的universal adj.87孤立的isolated adj.88进口import vt. & n.89出口export vt. & n.Women90家庭暴力domestic violence91性别平等gender equality92歧视（后面的介词跟discrimination n.against）93一个开明的社会an enlightened society94家务事household chores95被...所拖累be tied down byFamily96后代offspring n.97性格冲突personality clashes98家庭的另一种写法household n.99富裕的affluent adj.100贫穷的impoverished adj.101社区community n.102家庭观念family values103代沟generation gap104亲情family bonds105和谐harmony n.Crime106犯罪crimes = offense = criminal acts n.107犯罪（动词短语）commit a crime n.108严厉的stringent adj.109惩罚punishment / penalty n.110犯罪率the crime rate = the incidence of crime111猖獗的rampant adj.遏制（犯罪，污染等）curb112违法violate the law113限制（自由等）restrict vt.114冲动的impulsive adj.115后果consequence n.116处境，状况circumstance n.117改造罪犯reform / rehabilitate criminalsAnimalspreserve vt.118保护（某种资源，比如natural resources 或者old buildings）,如果保护某人可以用protect)119残酷的inhumane adj.120生物多样性biodiversity n.121伙伴companions n.122代替物（比如化妆品实replacements = alternatives n.验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验）123栖息地habitat n.124濒危动物endangered species125兽皮（兽毛是fur）hide n.Environment126可持续发展sustainable development127开采自然资源exploit natural resources128生态系统the ecosystem （许多eco-开头的单词都和生态有关）129一次性的disposable adj. （比如disposable chopsticks）Environmentconserve vt.130节约，环境类题可以代替save131恶化vt.deteriorate/aggravate vt. 如果某种现象自身恶化，就可以说deteriorate。
雅思小作文常用词汇和表达 (雅思写作必备词汇)
雅思小作文常用词汇和表达1、趋势类词汇上升动词类：increase, go up, rise up, grow up, jump up, surge, shoot up, keep an upward tendency.下降动词类：decrease, go down, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip, keep a downward tendency波动动词类：fluctuate持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地，drastically 急剧地上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类：fluctuation修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2、极值类词汇和表达最高点：reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点：reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占的最多：occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of …占的最少：occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallest proportion/number/percentageof …3、倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4、大约的表达方式About/around + 数字数字+ or soApproximately + 数字5、常用的小作文的趋势句式表达句式一：变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+时间区间Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1940-2000.The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980.The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.The number of aged people over 65 remained stable from 1930-1940.句式二：There be + 形容词+ 表示趋势的名词+ in+ 变化的主体+ 时间区间Eg: There was an significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1940-2000.There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980.There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.。
雅思犯罪类词汇
雅思犯罪类词汇雅思写作犯罪类话题词汇criminals 名词，罪犯offenders 名词，罪犯，违法者。
convicts 名词，罪犯，囚徒（前段时间很红的一套书《囚徒健身》，“Convict Conditioning”）。
culprits 名词，犯人。
同时，本词可以指的是被指控犯罪的人。
outlaws 名词，罪犯，暴徒。
也有动词词性，并且为及物动词，译为宣布某事为不合法。
suspect （criminal suspect）名词，犯罪嫌疑人。
其实，在法庭最终宣判之前，我们口中的罪犯多数情况下应该用这个词表达，更为严谨。
prisoner 名词，犯人，囚犯。
juvenile criminals 名词，青少年罪犯。
minor criminals 名词，未成年罪犯。
juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender 名词，少年犯，或行为不端的青少年commit a crime (commit crimes) 动宾，犯罪violate the law / break the law 动宾，犯罪，违法offend against the law 动宾，违法violent crimes / non-violent crimes 形容词+名词，暴力犯罪/非暴力犯罪delinquent behaviors / illegal acts / lawless behaviors形容词+名词，不法的行为juvenile delinquency 名词，特指青少年的不法行为illegality 名词，泛指所有违法行为。
此外，immorality 名词，指的是不道德的行为，其实近似于违法行为，但是略有区别。
同理，副词illegally和immorally也是类似的区别wrongdoing / misconduct / delinquency 名词，都是指的是行为不端Juvenile detentions 名词，少管所juvenile court 名词，未成年人法庭detain 及物动词，羁押。
(完整word版)雅思写作话题词汇(全).
雅思写作话题分类词汇教育与学业考试频率：★★★★★Education and study 教育与学业1、Teaching methods 教学方法7、Generation gap 代沟2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’ problems 青少年问题3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学）10、Taking a part—time job 兼职工作5、Personal development 个人发展 11、Parents’/Teachers' responsibilities 父母/教师责任6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费真题重现In schools and universities， some girls tend to choose arts subjects， while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed?Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals。
To what extent do you agree or disagree？分类词汇加油站1。
scope of knowledge 知识面 2。
雅思写作常用单词
雅思小作文必备词汇图表chart = graph = diagram直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statisticsthe thin〔细线〕 / thick〔粗线〕 / broken〔虚线〕 / dotted〔点线〕 line说明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate直线图类词汇(上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词)go up-------------- go downrise up-------------- fall downclimb-----------------slideascend --------------declinekeep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency波动动词类：fluctuatefluctuate upward / downward〔波动向上/向下〕保持平稳类动词：keep / remain / maintain / stayunchanged / constant / stable〔形容词，不变的〕修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地，修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….曲线图类词汇峰值：peak (v. & n.) , summit (v. & n.), highest point〔n.〕谷值：touch the bottom (v.), nadir (n.), lowest point(n.)稳定时期：constant〔adj.〕/ stable〔adj.〕/ stationary phase (n.)饼形图类词汇表“占有”的动词：share, occupy ，account for ，be in charge of ，be responsible for 主动be shared by，be occupied by，be in the charge of 被动“百分比” percentage , proportiona small percentage of … (20%)a quarter of …(25%)the minority of … (40%)half of …(50%)the majority of … (60%)three quarters of …(75%)most of … (80%)one-fifth / one-third基本句型：1occupies / accounts for the majority of A (x%).y% of A is shared by / is in the charge of 2.3 and4 are responsible for / in charge of the rest, with z% and w% respectively.倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍five times as much/many/big as…流程图/示意图/地图介绍段：The flow chart / diagram / map illustrates … The whole procedure can be divided into … stages.主体段(一般过渡：时间、顺序、目的)时间：to begin with, next, then, later, finally; at the same time / simultaneously顺序：the first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage / in the last stage 目的：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that雅思写作常用单词：连接词表层次:first, firstly, to begin withsecond, secondly, to start withthird, thirdly, what is morealso, besides ,in additionfinally表转折：by contrast, although, though ,yetin contrast, neverthelesson the contrary, however ,in spite ofon the other hand表因果：therefore ,consequently ,because offor the reason ,thus,henceso, thanks to ,in this wayas a result, as a consequence表让步：in spite of, despite ,even表递近：Furthermore, moreover ,what is morebesides ,also, not only...but also...in addition表举例：for example, for instance,take….as an example表解释：as a matter of fact, frankly speakingin other words表总结：in summary, in a word ,in conclusionto conclude, finally, on the wholein all ,therefore ,to summarize雅思大作文分类词汇--教育类nursery托儿所kindergarten幼儿园primary school/elementary school小学,secondary school中学教育higher education高等教育further education进修教育: parenting, schooling,enroll 入学admit 招收，录取Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。
雅思写作词汇总结
雅思写作词汇总结在雅思写作备考中，我们可以通过每天背诵一定的单词扩大自己的词汇量。
今天小编为大家带来的是雅思写作词汇总结，大家可以积累下来，方便我们在自己雅思写作考试答题中进行灵活的运用。
雅思写作词汇总结11. 学校教育 schooling2. 家庭教育 upbringing (parenting)3. 远程教育 tele-education4. 素质教育quality-oriented education5. 小(中、大)学教育 primary(secondary, tertiary) education6. 男女同校 co-education(segregated education)7. 获取知识 acquire knowledge8. 传授知识 impart( inculcate) knowledge9. 灌输高尚的道德观 instill high moral values10. 教学方法 teaching method11. 学习成绩 academic performance12. 受过良好教育 well-educated13. 学科 discipline14. 专业知识 expertise15. 死记硬背 learn things by rote16. 创造力 creativity17. 塑造性格shape(mould) one’s character18. 学生的反馈students’ feedback(input)19. 评价老师的教学evaluate teachers’ performance20. 理论知识 theoretical knowledge雅思大作文常见的十大话题二.现代科技和大众媒体(modernscience and mass media)相关分类词汇：1. 理论知识 theoretical knowledge2. 信息时代 information age(era)3. 不断进步的技术 advancing technology4. 跟上科学的发展 keep ahead of scientific advances5. 获取最新的信息 acquire the latest messages6. 做些厌倦和复杂的工作do some tiring(drudgery)and complicated work7. 大众媒体 mass media8. 信息量大的 informative9. 缺乏感情交流 be lack of emotional exchanges10. 新闻报道 coverage11. 了解国内外发生的一切learn what is happening at home and abroad12. 收视率 audience ratings13. 有教育意义的 instructive14. 接触不良信息have access to (be exposed to )some negative information15. 有误导性的 misleading(misrepresented, distorted)16. 虚假广告 false (cheating) advertising17. 掩盖真相 mask (cover up, gloss up, whitewash)the truth18. 名人 celebrities19. 丑闻 scandal20. 侵犯隐私violate(invade, infringe on, intrude on)one’s privacy21. 道德准则 code of ethics(conduct)雅思写作part2常见的十大话题三.全球化及影响(globalisation and its effect)相关分类词汇：1. 经济全球化 economic globalisation2. 文化同一性 cultural uniformity3. 文化多元化 cultural diversity4. 文化冲击 cultural shock5. 主流文化 dominant culture6. 促进文化的融合 promote cultural integration7. 融入新的文化 merge into new culture8. 融入国际贸易 participate in the world trade9. 相互认同 mutual acceptance10. 双赢局面 win-win situation11. 接受不同的文化和价值观embrace different cultures and values12. 开拓全球市场 explore the global market13. 扩大出口 expand export14. 吸引外资 attract foreign capital15. 面对面交流 face-to-face communication16. 友好和好客 be friendly and hospitable17. 变得西方化 become westernised18. 加大贫富差距widen the gap between the rich and the poor19. 对国内企业构成威胁 pose threats to domestic enterprises20. 激怒当地人 irritate local people雅思写作part2常见的十大话题四.文化与习俗` (culture and customs)相关分类词汇：1. 跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication2. 传统文化 traditional culture3. 文化同化 cultural assimilation4. 文化遗产 cultural heritage5. 文化习俗的象征 symbol of cultural customs6. 接受外来文化 embrace exotic culture7. 缩短文化差距 bridge cultural gaps8. 民族特性 national identity9. 民族自豪感 a sense of national pride10. 归属感 a sense of belonging11. 相互交流文化 exchange mutual culture12. 吸取精华，去其糟粕 absorb the essence and discard the dross13. 旅游观光的风景区 tourist attraction14.风土人情 local customs and practices15. 促进当地经济的发展 boost the growth of local economy16. 和平共处 coexist in harmony雅思写作词汇总结2Education青少年：teenagers/youngsters/adolescents培养：develop/cultivate/foster/nurture心理健康：psychological soundness促进学生身心发展：promote the students’ physical, mental/intellectual and emotional development学校教育(先天)：aptitude家庭教育(后天)：upbringing/parenting教学法：teaching methodology适应：adapt to sth.; adjust oneself to sth; become accustomed to sth.给学生动力：motivate students to do sth.give students motivation to do sth.就业进能：employable skills强迫学生学习：force students to learn; force-feed the students责任感：a sense of responsibility/obligation盲从：follow sth. indiscriminately/blindly;限制创造力的发展：constrain creativity打击学生积极性：dampen the students’ enthusiasm;frustrate the students塑造性格：mould one’s character逆境：adverse circumstances; adversity独立思考：think independently在理解的基础上学习：learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题：encourage students to think critically理论和实践相结合：integrate theory with practice培养独立性: cultivate one’s independence学生的反馈：students’ feedback各门功课总称：curriculum课外活动：extra-curricular activities不遵守纪律：indiscipline, misbehavior理论知识：theoretical knowledge全面发展：well-rounded, versatile通才：generalist专才：specialist人文科学：humanities社会科学：social sciences文科：arts;liberal studies理科：sciences工科：engineering职业教育：vocational educationTechnology尖端的技术：cutting-edge technology信息爆炸：information explosion/overload信息时代：the information age科技创新：technological innovations提高效率：enhance/boost efficiency提高生产效率：enhance/boost productivity生物技术：biotechnology克隆：cloning远程通讯：telecommunications太空探索：space exploration/research登月：moon landing受到普遍欢迎：gain widespread popularity综合国力：overall national strength国家安全：national security核武器：nuclear weapon科学成就：scientific achievement可再生资源：renewable energy sources能源危机：energy crisis人工智能：artificial intelligenceGovernment当局：authorities规范，管理：regulate, monitor实施：implement严禁：strictly prohibit监督：monitor, scrutinize拨款: invest in;allocate money to sth.; dedicate money to sth. 预算：budget税收：tax revenue政府开支：government spending/expenditure on sth. 把……当成当务之急：give priority to sth.自卫：self-defense国土安全：national security缺乏远见的政策：short-sighted policy生活节奏加速：The tempo/pace of life is accelerating导致人与人之间疏远：create alienation between people最求最大限度利润：pursue maximum profit交通堵塞：traffic jams/congestion阻碍：hinder/hamper/impede the development of…贫穷的：poverty-stricken, impoverished富裕的：wealthy, affluent, well-off扶贫：poverty alleviation雅思写作词汇总结3就业机会：employment opportunity行人：pedestrians下岗工人：laid-off workers基础设施：infrastructure交通肇事者：traffic accident perpetrators居民：resident, city dwellers高楼：high-rise buildings摩天大楼：skyscrapers城乡差距：the disparity between the city and the countryside 贫富差距：the gap between the wealthy and the impoverished城市的：urban乡村的: rural搬迁：relocate人口爆炸：population explosion/boom;控制人口：family planning; birth controlWomen and Families性别歧视：gender discrimination两性平等：gender equality被家务事拖累：be tied down by household chores生育孩子：child bearing抚养孩子：child rearing母性本能：maternal instinct开明的社会：a progressive/enlightened society家庭暴力：domestic violence家庭情感纽带：family bonds/ties归属感：a sense of belonging单亲家庭：single-parent households对……的依恋：an attachment to sth.老年人：elderly people, senior citizens毒品上瘾：be addicted to drugsLanguage, culture and globalization英语的广泛使用：the proliferation of English小语种将会消亡：lesser-known languages will become extinct.保护文化遗产：preserve cultural heritage祖先：ancestors, forefathers后代：descendants少数民族：ethnic minorities民族团结：the harmony between ethnic groups文化融合：cultural integration文化多样性：cultural diversity文化特性：cultural identity贬低……的重要性：minimize the importance of…地球村：global village雅思写作词汇总结4Media新闻界：the press时事：current affairs无处不在的：prevalent充斥着：be saturated with sth.恰当的监管：proper supervision and guidance杜绝暴力和色情内容：eliminate violent and pornographic contents建立和实施针对所有媒体的严格的审查制度：establish andimpose a strict censorship on all mass media广告行业的兴旺发达：the thriving of the advertising industry 虚假的：false, bogus报道非常详尽的细节：report sth. in graphic detail夸大事情：exaggerate things公正客观的：objective揭露：expose, reveal侵犯隐私：violate sb. privacy破坏某人名誉：tarnish one’s reputation狗仔队：paparazzi(ns)名人：celebrity丑闻：scandals谣言：rumor道德准则：code of ethics随着因特网技术的出现：with the advent of the Internet technology在这个日益电脑化的世界中：in this increasingly computerized world加速信息的传播：accelerate the flow of informationTourism旅游景点：tourist attractions/spots吸引游客：attract tourists开拓眼界：widen one’s horizon; broaden one’s view; broaden one’s scope of knowledge促进文化交流：promote cultural communication把游客和当地人隔离：seclude/isolate the tourists from the locals商业化：commercialize游客和当地人互动：Tourists can interact with the locals.冲突：conflict with…文化遗产：cultural heritage弘扬民族文化：carry forward national cultural创造就业机会：create employment opportunities。
100个雅思写作话题词汇
100个雅思写作话题词汇100个雅思写作必备话题词汇雅思写作词汇的记忆是大家在雅思写作备考当中需要做的基础准备，对于常见的雅思写作话题词汇，我们更需要格外的关注。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的100个雅思写作必备话题词汇,希望能给大家带来帮助!Education1. parenting n. 家长给小孩的教育2. schooling n. 学校对学生的教育3. cultivate v. 培养4. awareness n. 意识，觉悟5. creative adj. 有创造力的6. physical adj. 身体的7. mental adj. 精神的8. contribute to 推动，对……有帮助9. motivation n. 动机10. adapt to 适应11. afford v. 提供，负担得起Media12. prent adj. 普遍的，流行的13. subjective adj. 主观的14. objective adj. 客观的15. celebrity n. 名人16. journalist n. 记者17. the press n. 新闻界18. misleading adj. 误导的19. dependable adj. 可靠的20. reveal v. 揭露21. latest adj. 最近的Technology22. transform v. 改变23. breakthrough n. 突破24. advance v. 促进，发展25. enhance v. 提高，增强26. innovation n. 创新Government27. priority n. 首要任务28. stability n. 稳定29. establish v. 建立30. solve v. 解决31. ease v. 减轻，缓解32. invest v. 投资33. forbid v. 禁止34. administrate v. 管理35. implement v. 实施36. tax revenue n. 税收37. obligation n. 责任Tourism38. broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界39. conflict n. 矛盾，冲突40. explore v. 探索41. promote v. 促进42. tourist attraction 旅游景点43. local resident 当地居民44. mutual understanding 相互理解45. enrich one’s experience 丰富阅历Language46. play a dominant role in 占主导地位47. go extinct 灭绝48. dialect n. 方言49. the widespread use of … …的广泛运用Culture50. ancestor n. 祖先51. descendant n. 后代52. cultural assimilation 文化同化53. indiscriminate adj. 盲目的54. time-honoured adj. 历史悠久的55. cultural heritage 文化遗产56. cultural diversity 文化多样性57. cultural identity 文化特性58. ethnic minorities 少数民族Society59. the pace of life 生活节奏60. the gap between the urban area and the rural area 城乡差距61. eliminate v. 消除62. facilities n. 设施63. alienated adj. 疏远的'64. materialistic adj. 物质化的, 现实的65. the present situation 现状Globalisation66. sweeping trend 风靡一时的潮流67. universal adj. 普遍的68. a double-edged sword 双刃剑69. global village 地球村Family70. domestic violence 家庭暴力71. gender equality 性别平等72. discrimination n. 歧视73. an enlightened society 一个开明的社会74. household chores 家务事75. community 社区76. family values 家庭观念77. a sense of belonging 归属感78. generation gap 代沟79. family bond 亲情80. harmony 和谐Crime81. commit a crime 犯罪82. crime rate 犯罪率83. violate the law 违法84. punishment 惩罚Animals85. inhumane adj. 残酷的, 不人道的86. biodiversity n. 生物多样性87. companion n. 伙伴88. replacement n. 替代物89. habitat n. 栖息地90. endangered species 濒危物种Environment91. exploit natural resources 开采自然资源92. ecosystem 生态系统93. profound impact 深远影响94. conserve v. 保护, 保存95. discharge v. 排放96. sustainable development 可持续发展97. recycle v. 再利用98. contamination n. 污染99. consume v. 消耗100. environmentally friendly 环保的【100个雅思写作必备话题词汇】。
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雅思写作话题分类词汇教育与学业考试频率：★★★★★Education and study 教育与学业1、Teaching methods 教学方法7、Generation gap 代沟2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’ problems 青少年问题3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学）10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’ responsibilities 父母/教师责任6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费真题重现In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed?Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1. scope of knowledge 知识面2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担prehensive knowledge 广博的知识4.long-distance education 远程教育5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法7.schooling 学校教育 parenting、upbringing 家庭教育 8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性 15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任 17.exam-oriented education 应试教育18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维 19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值21.grasp good communication skills 掌握良好交流技能 22.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养了强烈的责任感23.cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维 24.rote learning、learn things by rote 死记硬背25.cultivate，foster，nurture 培养26.promote the student’s physical, mental \intellectual and emotional development 促进学生身心发展 27.psychological soundness\well-being 心理健康28.aptitude，talent 学习能力（先天）29.ability，skill 学习能力（后天） 30.tap one’s potential 挖掘某人的潜能31.go astray 误入歧途;indiscipline 、misbehavior 、mischief 不遵守纪律 ;disruptive students 、 unruly students 违反纪律的学生;commit crimes 犯罪32.theoretical knowledge 理论知识 ;practical knowledge 实践知识 33.university education 大学教育;vocational education职业教育 ;primary-level education 小学教育;secondary-level education 中学教育34 youngsters、adolescents 青少年35.develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能prehensive knowledge 全面的知识 37.face-to-face communication 面对面交流38.stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣 39.increase efficiency 提高效率40.enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段41.be fully aware of…充分意识到…科学与技术考试频率：★★★★★Science and Technology 科学与技术1、Technological 科技产品7、Medical advancement 医学进步2、Information technology 信息与技术8、Technology VS. arts 科技与艺术3、Discoveries and inventions 发现与创造9、Animal experiments 动物实验4、Science VS. culture 科学与文化10、Space research 太空研究5、High-tech entertainment 高科技娱乐11、Extending human life 延长寿命6、Producing contaminants/resources 制造污染/资源12、Genetically modified food 转基因食品真题重现With computer technology becoming cheaper and more accessible, more adults work from home and more children study from home. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters and writers. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?分类词汇加油站1.exert a far-reaching impact on 产生一种深远的影响2.cutting-edge technology 尖端科技3 information explosion\overload 信息爆炸4 depletion of resources 能源消耗5.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备6.technical innovation 科技创新7.enhance\augment\boost the efficiency 提高效率8.the proliferation of Internet 互联网的广泛使用9.technological innovations 科技创新及发展bor-saving 省力的labor-replacing 代替人力的11.biotechnology 生物技术12.a fatal breakdown 致命故障13.potential hazards 潜在危险14.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁15.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展16.accelerate 加速…17.transportation tools 交通工具18.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源19alternative fuel 可替代燃料20.sustainable development 可持续性发展21.scientific exploration 科学探索22.substitute 取代23.overcome difficulties 克服困难24.unprecedented 前所未有的25.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展26.aggravate 使恶化27.levy the tax 征税28.be viewed as …被视为是…29.be concerned about …对…担忧/关注…30.pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料31.luxury 奢侈品32.chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒y more emphasis on…把重心放在…34.settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律35.Impose restrictions on …对…实施限制36.short-sighted 目光短浅的37.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 38.telecommunications 远程通信39.a pillar industry 支柱产业40.make full use of …充分利用41.speed limits 限速42.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量43.pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价44.call for …需要…45.overcrowded 过度拥挤的46.headache 令人头痛的事47.traffic accidents 交通事故48.head-way 进展49.conflict with …与…相冲突50.major cause 主要原因传媒与网络考试频率：★★★★Media and the Internet 传媒与网络1、TV and learning 电视与学习7、Internet shopping 网络购物2、Computer games 电脑游戏8、Computer illiteracy 电脑文盲3、Online communication 网络交际9、Media and consumption 传媒与消费4、Computers VS. teachers 电脑与老师10、Children and advertising 儿童与广告5、Nature of journalism 新闻本质11、Global VS. local 全球与本地6、Media and crime 传媒与犯罪12、Virtuality and isolation 虚拟与孤独真题重现We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives. Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?Some think that computer games are dangerous for children in every way; others think that computer games help children’s development. Discuss both views and give your opinion分类词汇加油站1. paparazzi 狗仔队 27. sitcom 情景喜剧2. mass media 大众媒体28. soap opera 肥皂剧3. entertainment 娱乐29. affair 绯闻4. journalism 新闻业30. celebrity 名人5. the latest news 最新消息 31. rise to fame 声名鹊起6. exclusive news 独家新闻32. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私7.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳33. misleading 误导性的定和安全34. cheating 欺骗性的8. news agency 新闻社35. popularity 知名度9. news block-out 新闻封锁36. scandal 丑闻10. news censorship 新闻审查37. sensational 轰动的11. freedom of the press 新闻自由38. prevalent 普遍的、流行的12. coverage 新闻报道39. imperative 重要的、必要的13. do reportage on …报导…40. audience ratings 收视率14. hit the headlines 上头条41. propaganda 宣传15. issue 出版、发行42. be abducted by 受…诱导16. newsstand 报摊43. purify one's soul 净化心灵17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人44. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中18. chief editor 总编45. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是19. editorial 社论一个巨大安慰20. newsworthy 值得报道的46. meet different tastes 满足不同口味21. barometer 晴雨表47. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论晴雨表48. be inconceivable to somebody 对来说是难以23. live broadcast 直播想象的24. quiz show 智力竞争节目49. impressive 给人印象深刻的25. right to know 知情权50. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子26. variety show 综合节目国家与政府考试频率：★★★★Nation and government 国家与政府1、Government’s responsibility 政府职责7、Funding arts 资助艺术2、Educational policy 教育政策8、Healthcare system 医疗福利体系3、Assisting poor countries 帮助贫困国家9、Housing shortage 住房问题4、Measuring a country’s success 成功国家标准10、Legal system 司法体系5、Financially-aiding sports 体育投资11、Space research 太空研究6、Developing public transport 发展公共交通 12、Military defense 军事防御真题重现Some people think that government should only spend money on the construction of public services rather than waste on the arts such as music and painting. To what extent do you agree or disagree?The number of people who watch foreign films is much more than people who watch local films, describ the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film industries分类词汇加油站1.unemployment；joblessness 失业2.infrastructure 基础设施3.social security 社会保障4.medical care system 医疗保健5.public transportation 公共交通6.public service 公共服务7.essential sectors 关键行业8.non-essential sectors 非紧要行业9.private sector 私人企业10.general interest 公众利益11.welfare 福利12.financial assistance 经济援助13.shake off\get rid of poverty 摆脱贫穷14.authorities 当局15.citizens; the citizenry 老百姓16.regulate;administe;oversee 规范，管理17.implement 实施18.legislate; make laws 立法 19.strictly prohibit; ban altogether 严禁20.stringent laws/legislation 严格的法律21.scrutiny (n.); scrutinize (v.) monitor (v.) 监督22.allocate money to sth;be a patron of; invest in; fund; dedicate money to sth.为……拨款23.budget (n.) 预算 24.tax revenue 税收25.the government spending/expenditure on sth.政府开支26.curtail 削减 27.augment 增加28.give priority to sth.把当作当务之急 29.responsibility; obligation 责任 30.arms race 军备竞赛 31.self-defense 自卫32.national security; homeland security 国土安全 33.short-sighted policy 缺乏远见的政策 34.expansion (n.) aggression (n.)扩张 35.seek\pursue hegemony 谋求霸权36.a vicious circle 恶性循环 37.destabilizing factors 地区不稳定因素 38.rules and regulations 规章制度 39.space race 太空竞赛40.arms (n.) weapons (n.) armaments (n.) 武器id-off workers; downsized workers 下岗工人 42.power grid 电网43.democratic 民主的 democracy 民主44.民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government生活与城市考试频率：★★★Life and city 生活与城市1、Life-altering inventions 发明改变生活7、Keeping pets in cities 城市养宠物2、Police and guns 警察佩戴枪支8、Lifestyle decisions 生活方式3、Relocation of enterprises 企业搬迁9、Money VS. happiness 金钱与幸福4、Housing problems 住房问题10、Teenagers VS. adults 青少年与成年人5、Protecting people’s privacy 保护隐私11、Fast-paced modern life 现代快节奏生活6、Popularity of fast foods 快餐现象12、City plan 城市布局真题重现Some people think that a police force carrying guns can educate higher level of volience.to what extent do you agree or disagree？In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other. Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?分类词汇加油站1.urbanization 城市化2.centralization 集中化3.imbalance 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7.tertiary industry 第三产业9.revenue 税收mercialization 商业化11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺13.the environmental pollution 环境污染 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会 24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化 29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to …给予…特殊关照 31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35.be vulnerable to …易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of …处于…边缘 38.pollutant 污染性物质 39.waste disposal 废物处理 40.put the blame on …归咎于… 41.be attributable to …归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失 44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with…面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to …优先考虑… 50.city planners 城市规划工作与职业考试频率：★★★Career and occupation 工作与职业1、Interpersonal skills 人际交流技能7、Changing jobs/careers 跳槽与工作改变2、Stress management 减压8、Part-time positions 兼职工作3、Safty and health hazards 安全及健康危害9、Graduate unemployment 毕业生失业4、Telecommuting 远程办公10、Work vs. family 工作与家庭5、Women at workplace 女性参加工作11、Qualification vs. experience 资历与经验6、Job satisfaction 工作的满意度12、Working in rural areas 去乡村工作真题重现Some people think that people working at home can benefit the employees a lot, not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree？Nowadays, many people change their jobs frequently, some believe it is good for their development while others hold different opinions. What is your opinion?分类词汇加油站1.the tempo\pace of life has increased 生活节奏加速2.social settings 社会环境3.religious belief 宗教信仰cational level 教育程度5.a sense of belonging 归属感6.sedentary lifestyle 缺少运动的生活方式7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle 高压力和快节奏的生活方式8.nurture a good state of mind 养成良好的心态 9.block out worries 争取减少忧虑10.balance work and family 平衡工作和生活11.a means of self-expression 自我表达的一种方式 12.follow blindly 盲目追求13.root in daily life 源于生活 14.over nourishment 营养过剩15.create alienation between people 人与人之间疏远16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic 过于功利的17.pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利润 18.poverty alleviation 扶贫19.job opportunity、employment opportunity 就业机会 20.promotion opportunity 提升机会21.switching jobs、job-hopping 换工作\跳槽 22.acquire a wide array of skills 发展多种技能 ck of self-motivation 缺乏动力 24.directionless\aimless 没有目标25.egoism 利己主义\altruism 利他主义 26.soothe the soul 平缓情绪27.utilised as a form of propaganda 用做一种宣传手段 28.enrich cultural life 丰富文化生活29.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量 30.conform the existing rules 墨守成规 31.satisfied with material comforts 满足于物质 32.spiritual needs 精神享受33.achieve a balance between work and pleasure 劳逸结合34.time-conscious people 时间观念很强的人35.impoverished、destitute、indigent 贫穷的36.affluent、wealthy、well-off 富裕的37.urban 城市的rural 乡村的38.urbanization 城市化39.the disparity between the city and the countryside城乡差距40.relocate 搬迁 41.telecommute 在家上班42.leisure、recreation、entertainment 休闲、娱乐 issez-faire management 宽松的管理 44.operating costs、overhead costs 运营成本 bor pool 劳动力资源46.depression 抑郁症/insomnia 失眠症 47.population explosion 人口爆炸 48.gender equality 两性平等49.gender discrimination、sexism 性别歧视 50.child bearing 生育孩子/child rearing 抚养孩子 51.elderly people、senior citizens 老年人 52.family bonds\ties 家庭成员间的情感纽带语言与文化考试频率：★★Language and culture 语言与文化1、Language and age 语言与年龄7、Tourism and culture 旅游与文化2、Learning a foreign language 学习外语8、Pressing local culture 保护本地文化3、International language 国际语言9、Traditional architecture 传统建筑4、Dominance of English 英语的主导地位10、Cultural facilities 文化设施5、Assisting artists 资助艺术11、Culture vs business 文化与贸易6、Cultural gap 文化差距12、Working overseas 海外工作真题重现Some people think that international tourism has brought great benefit to the world’s economy, some others hold that it ruin the culture and the ecosystem. Discuss both and give your opinion.In some cities, the old buildings are replaced by many modern buildings. Some people think it brings more disadvantages. Do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1.tourist attractions 、tourist spots、places of interest旅游景点2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保护3.forefathers、ancestors 祖先4.descendants 后代5.ethnic minorities 少数民族6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races 民族团结7.cultural diversity 文化融合8.interaction 互相影响9.cultural diversity 文化多元性10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality 狭隘的观念11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of 贬低12. push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons 开阔眼界13.promote cultural communication 促进文化交流 14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引 15.first-hand experience 亲身体验second-hand experience/vicarious experience 间接体验16.multi-sensory 多种感官体验的 17.conflict 冲突 18.discord/dissension 争端19.isolate the tourist from the locals 把游客和当地人隔离mercialize 商业化 21.cultural heritage 文化遗产22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes 互联网不会让旅游业过时环境与生态考试频率：★★★★Environment and ecology 环境与生态1、Environmental pollution 环境污染 7、Awareness raising 环保意识提高2、Ecotourism 生态旅游8、Transport and environment 交通与环境3、Curbing car-using 限制汽车使用9、International cooperation 国际合作（环境）4、Endangered species 濒临灭绝物种10、Sustainable development 可持续发展5、Throw-away society 浪费型社会11、Agriculture and ecology 农业与生态6、Environmental improvement 环境改善12、Biodiversity 生物多样性真题重现Many people hold that only international cooperation can solve the environmental problems, single person or country can not deal with such big problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people think it is not necessary to invest money on protecting the wild animals. Do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1.ecosystem\ecological system 生态系统2.cological balance\equilibrium 生态平衡3.sustainable development 可持续发展4.biodiversity 生物的多样性5.environmentalists\conservationists 环保主义者 animal right activists 动物权益保护主义者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）对环境无害的7.conservation 节约8.recycle\reuse (v.) 再利用 10.benefit from 从中受益11.enhance\elevate\raise the public awareness of …增强公众的……意识12.put forward valuable suggestions 提出宝贵建议13.shortage\scarcity\dearth\lack （n.）短缺 14.participate in the reconstruction of the city 参与城市重建15.raise the environmental management level 提高环境管理水平16.create a pleasant ecological environment 创造出一种和谐的生态环境17.give priority to 优先关注18.catch much attention 引起很大关注 19.deforestation (n.)砍伐森林20.greenhouse effect、 global warming 温室效应 21.discharge effluent\sewage 排放污水22.non-biodegradable garbage、inorganic trash 白色污染产生的垃圾/bio-degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋23.afford their masters consolation and comfort 给主人心理安慰24.infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 25.fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 26.arable land 、farmland 耕地 27.pollute\contaminate (v.) 污染 28.poisonous\toxic (adj.) 有毒的29.consume\deplete(v.)消耗(某种资源) e up\exhaust （v.）用尽(某种资源) 31.harsh measures\actions 严厉措施32.condemn rather than condone sth.谴责而不是纵容 bat desertification 防治荒漠化34.curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control 治理环境污染35.industrial solid wastes 工业固体废物anic pollutions 有机污染物37.environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 生态农业38.water resource conservation zone 水资源保护区 39.establish nature reserve 建立自然保护区 40.endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物41.medical research 医学研究 42.cruel\merciless\inhuman\callous\brutal 残忍的43.vivisection 活体解剖44.ease\alleviate\relieve animals’ pain 减轻动物的痛苦个人与社会考试频率：★★★Individual and society 个人与社会1、Personal health 个人健康7、Stressful life 压力生活2、Age of machine 机器时代8、Healthcare and education 医疗与教育3、Social responsibility 社会责任9、Environmental responsibility 环保责任4、Money and happiness 金钱与幸福10、Disasters and violence 灾难与暴力5、Saving for retirement 养老储蓄11、Housing problems 住房问题6、Team activities 团队活动12、Law and order 法律与秩序真题重现Many people are busy with work and have less time to spend with families and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire. Do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1.urbanization 城市化2.centralization 集中化3.imbalance 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7.tertiary industry 第三产业9.revenue 税收mercialization 商业化11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺13.the environmental pollution 环境污染 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会 24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化 29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to …给予…特殊关照 31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35.be vulnerable to …易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of …处于…边缘 38.pollutant 污染性物质 39.waste disposal 废物处理 40.put the blame on …归咎于… 41.be attributable to …归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失 44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with…面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to …优先考虑… 50.city planners 城市规划能源与交通考试频率：★★★Energy and Transportation 能源与交通1、Public transport expansion 发展公共交通7、Food export 食品出口2、Increasing private cars 私家车增多8、Space travelling 太空旅游3、Traffic congestion 交通拥堵9、Producing pollution 制造污染4、Road security 道路安全10、Cheap flight 低价飞行5、Water scarcity 水源短缺11、Resource consumption 能源消耗6、Overuse of fuel 燃料过度使用 12、International tourism 国际旅游真题重现In some countries, air travel has become a much cheaper form of transport than in the past. Is this a positive or negative trend?The number of cars in many large cities is increasing significantly nowadays. What are the problems it may bring? How to solve this problem?分类词汇加油站1.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善城市基础设施建设2.implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定严格的汽车排放标准3.reduce waste 减少浪费4.eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除贫穷落后5.prevent and control pollution 预防和控制污染6.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土保护7.keep ecological balance 维护生态平衡8.adopt environmental protection technique 环保技术 9.strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加强监督和管理10.enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干预性措施11.promote legislative regulations 促进立法管理 12.establish and perfect the social security system 建立和完善社会的安全体系13.impose some restrictions on 对…实施限制 14.arouse people’s awareness of 唤醒人们的…意识 15.take some preventive (remedial) measures 采取一些预防（补救）措施16.enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即惩罚性措施 17.take proper guidance and support 恰当引导和支持 18.impose heavier penalty on 对…实施严格的惩罚 19.set down effective laws 制定积极有效的法律20.urban planning 城市规划21.break the ecological balance 破坏了生态的平衡 22.contaminate the environment 污染环境23.promote the sustainable development of the city 促进城市的可持续性发展24.greenhouse effect 温室效应 25.strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制26.popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环保知识27.burning 迫在眉睫的 28.environmental degradation 环境恶化29.at the cost of environment 以环境污染为代价 30.uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控31.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission 汽车尾气排放 32.exhaust purifier 尾气净化器33.urban refuse 城市垃圾34.protect …from overexploitation 防止过度开发 35.conservation of water and soil 水土保持 36.lead-free gasoline 无铅汽油37.gas-fueled vehicles 天然气汽车 38.cell-driven vehicles; battery cars 电动汽车39.slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低资源消耗率40.develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源 29.renewable resources 可再生资源30.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源人口与经济考试频率：★★★Population and economy 人口与经济1、Overpopulation 人口爆炸7、Feminism 女权主义2、Population ageing 人口老龄化8、Industrial locations 工业选址3、Governmental pension 政府养老9、Global trade 国际贸易4、Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪10、Economic gaps 经济差距5、Crimes 犯罪11、Youth unemployment 年轻人失业6、Agricultural development 农业发展12、Consumption patterns 消费方式真题重现In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities into regional areas. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?The proportion of older people in many countries is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?分类词汇加油站1.saving 储蓄2.investment 投资3.expenditure 支出花费4.capital 资本资金资产5.currency 通货通用市价 7.demand 需求、需求量8.supply 补给、供给、供应品9.purchase 购买 10.inflation 通货膨胀 11.monetary 货币的金钱的 12.consume 消费消耗13.distribution 分配、分发、配给物14.taxation 课税、征税、税收、税款、估定的税额15.externality 外部因素16.trademark 商标 copyright 版权著作权 17.restrict freedom 限制自由18.invade privacy 侵犯隐私19.depression 萧条不景气20.discount 折扣21.financial 财政的金融的 mit a crime 犯罪23.break\violate\flout\disobey the law 触犯法律24.offence、crimes、criminal acts 罪行25.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator 罪犯26accomplice、accessory 从犯27.resent society、hold a grudge against society 憎恨社会28.trauma 心理创伤 29.prison 监狱30.imprison\incarcerate someone 监禁 31.victims 受害者32.be brought to justice 被绳之以法 33.reform\rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯w enforcement agencies 执法部门 35.heinous\flagitious crime、felony 重罪36.petty crime 轻罪37.first-time offenders 初犯者 38.hardened offenders 惯犯 39.revert to crime 再次犯罪 40. hunt down、 capture 抓捕41.abide by the law 、comply with the law 遵守法律 w-abiding citizens 守法公民43.boost the sense of safety 增强安全意识44.reinforce the police force and increase patrol 增强警力和巡逻45.miscarriges of justice 执法不公 46.deterrent effect 震慑作用47.being closely monitored 受到严格监控 48.fear of reprisal 担心报复的心理49.alert people to the risk of being victimized by crime提高人们对于犯罪的警惕。