翻译概论

翻译概论

一、名称解释

1、The linguistic turn---Since 1950s, some linguists paid close attention to the issue of translation and published a series of works that were fundamental to the translation studies, such as Introduction to the Theory of Translation composed by A.V.Fedorov in 1953, Les problemes theoriques de la traduction written by famous French linguist Georges Mounin in 1963, and A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics composed by J.C.Catford in 1965. These researches were the representatives of the linguistic turn of the translation in 1950s and 1960s, which lead translation from the technical and practical studies to theoretical studies and started to explore the underlying issues such as the essence of translation.

2、Strictly speaking, in western world, the first translated work is the Latin version of Homer’s epic Odyssey, which was translated by Andronicus in the middle of 3rd century from Greek.

3、The theologist and translator St. Jerome, who has translated numerous Greek theological works, is named “the father of translation study” by today’s western translation scholars.

4、Luo Xinzhang summarized the process of the traditional translation as four key words, namely, original text, fidelity, alikeness in spirit and perfection.

5、In his work Contemporary Translation Theories (2001) , Edwin Gentzler classified contemporary translation theories into five schools as school of T training, T science school, early T research School, Poly-system and deconstructivism, all of which began in the mid-1960s and continue to be influential today.

6、Apart from the methods proposed by Nida to distinguish the meaning of the words, C.W.Morris also suggested that the meaning of the word could be classified as referential meaning, intralingual meaning and pragmatic meaning.

7、Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence are terms for methods of translation coined by Eugene Nida. The two terms have often been understood as fundamentally the same as sense-for-sense translation and word-for-word translation respectively. His original definition of dynamic equivalence was: the translator should translate so that the effect of the translation on the target reader is roughly the same as the effect of the source text once was on the source reader.

Formal equivalence---- Formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. It is concerned that the message in the receptor language(译语)should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language（原语）.

Dynamic equivalence --- dynamic equivalence (also known as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness,