王治奎《大学英汉翻译教程》综合练习及详解【圣才出品】

综合练习及详解
说明：该附录全面收录《大学英汉翻译教程》(第4版)（王治奎主编）中的综合练习1和综合练习2，每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文，而且还有列举出相应的翻译要点及解析，对于以该书为教材的考生来说，具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性，同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。

综合练习1及详解
1
Four score①and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this②.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note,
nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget③what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth④.
(From Living Documents of American History)
【参考译文】
87①年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立了一个以自由为理想，以人人平等为宗旨的新国家。

现在我们正在进行一场大内战，考验这个国家，或任何一个主张自由平等的国家，能否长久存在。

我们在这场战争的一个大战场上集会，来把战场的一角献给为国家生存而牺牲的烈士，作为他们永久安息之地，这是我们义不容辞、理所当然该做的事②。

但是，从更深刻的意义上来说，我们不能使这一角战场伐为圣地，我们不能使它流芳百世(或百世流芳)，我们不能使它永垂青史(或万古长青)。

因为在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和死去的，已经使这一角战场神圣化了，我们微薄的力量远远不能为它增光，或者使它减色。

世人不会太注意，也不会长久记住③我们在这里说的话，但是永远不会忘记他们在这里做的事。

因此，我们活着的人更应该献身于他们为之战斗并且使之前进的未竟事业。

我们更应该献身于我们面前的伟大任务，更应该不断向这些光荣牺牲的烈士学习他们为事业鞠躬尽
瘁、死而后已的献身精神，更应该在这里下定决心，一定不让这些烈士的鲜血白流，这个国家在上帝的保佑下，一定要得到自由的新生，这个民有、民治、民享的政府，一定不能从地球上消灭④。

【翻译要点】
①“score”有多层含义，只有正确理解它在文中的意思才能得到准确的翻译。

此处意为“二
十”，因而总数应为87。

②词性转换。

动词“do”转移为名词“所作的事情”，使语言表达更流畅。

③反正译法。

原文“never forget”是一个双重否定，表达的是肯定语气，直接译为“长久
记住”更加简洁明了。

④长难句的翻译。

首先通过英文原句里的衔接词（如：that，for which等等）理清各分句
之间的逻辑关系，翻译成中文时要尽可能地符合译入语的表达习惯，在此前提下尽可能保留原文的行文风格。

还需根据不同的语境灵活地选用不同的翻译方法。

2
The New Agriculture
by Arthur L. Domike
Until a few years ago, “agricultural technology” was a topic guaranteed to empty the lecture hall①. Today the press is filled with stories of the new agriculture—genetically engineered plants, robot farms and cattle bred by computer. The public is fascinated by frontier biotechnological research and the promise of a filled cornucopian future. But for those concerned with the Third World, at least two major questions about agricultural research have not been
answered②.Will agricultural innovations make any real difference in the ability of poorer countries to provide themselves with food? And who will benefit from agricultural research? In the Third World, where two out of three people still live by farming, food shortages and malnutrition are common. If research and service programs for large-scale farming are given priority and small farmers and landless workers ignored, social and economic problems can only worsen.
Neither question has an obvious answer. At the technical level, biologists argue ③that gene-splitting will lead to major improvements in crop yields. A known gene with a desirable quality can be inserted into a rice plant and the time, tedium and errors of the old breeding techniques avoided. But the new system may still require years, maybe decades, of chromosome plotting before a project such as increasing drought tolerance of plants can be successfully tackled.
...
Unfortunately, the development of new products and technology for Third World agriculture is already on two tracks. This “duality”between programs mainly for large-scale commercial and small-scale agriculture has sparked④fierce debate, advocates of peasant-based strategies and “appropriate technology”have faced off against “green revolution”scientists and boosters of high-tech agriculture.
There is a trade-off between the blank check to commercial farmers and attention to the problems of small scale farmers and landless peasants. Failure to include the rural poor in the priority mix means ever deeper poverty⑤for most of
them, accelerated migration into urban slums and polarization of governments and political options.
【参考译文】
新农业
亚瑟L.多米克
直到几年前，“农业技术”还是一个不会引起听众兴趣的演讲题目①。

而今天，有关基因工程植物，使用机器人的农场和用电脑系统饲养的牲畜之类的报道却充满了报刊。

人们为尖端生物技术研究和五谷丰登的前景所吸引。

但是，对于关心第三世界的人来说，至少有两个有关农业研究的重要问题尚未找到答案②：农业革新能否使贫困国家的粮食自给能力真正有所改善？谁是农业研究成果的受益者？在第三世界，有2/3的人务农为生，但粮食短缺和营养不良现象却司空见惯。

如果研究与服务计划只优先照顾大型农业，而忽视小农和无地农民，社会问题和经济形势只能每况愈下。

上述两个问题都没有找到明确的答案。

就技术水平而言，生物学家认定③：基因分离技术必将导致作物产量增加。

一种已知的品质优良的基因可以移植到水稻体内，这就可以取代费时、枯燥、容易出现失误的传统育种技术。

但是，用染色体分配新技术来顺利解决诸如增强作物抗旱能力之类的问题可能还需要几年，也许几十年时间。

……
不幸的是，新产品和新技术的发展对第三世界来说已经处于两条轨道上。

这种以商业性大农业为主的计划和以小农业为主的计划的二元性，引起了④激烈的争论：主张以农民为战略基础和“协调发展技术”的人与“绿色革命”科学家和高技术农业的鼓吹者各持已见，相持不下。

要么给商业性农户开一张空头支票，要么去关心小农和无地农的现实问题，必须在此二
者之间进行权衡。

如不能兼顾农村贫民的利益，就会使他们当中的多数人更加贫困⑤，会促使他们迅速拥进城市贫民窟，加深各级政府内部的分歧和政治观点的对立。

【翻译要点】
①此处用到了意译的手法。

“to empty the lecture hall”，意为“使报告厅空无一人”，而“空无一人”的原因不难看出是其内容不能引起听众的兴趣，采用意译手法使语义更明确，便于读者把握文意。

②词性转换。

动词“answer”转译为名词，“找到答案”比“还没有回答”语言表达更严谨，符合科普文的语言风格。

③注意不能一看到“argue”就认定它是“辩论，争论”的意思，科普文语言讲究严谨，“辩论，争论”这样的字眼应尽量避免出现。

故此处可译为“认定”，原文亦包涵此意。

④“spark”有“点燃，点火”之意，结合语境，此处可引申为“引起了（激烈的争论）”。

⑤词性转换。

“贫困程度加深”也就是“更加贫困”，转译之后更显简洁，更符合中文的表达习惯。

3
Any Progress in Battle Against Common Cold?
Interview With William Jordan, M. D., Expert on Communicable Diseases
Q: Does susceptibility to colds vary with age and sex?
A: Yes. Generally you get fewer colds as you grow older, probably because your body has built up immunity against at least some of the cold viruses. Studies indicate that, up to a certain age, boys get more colds than girls. In adulthood, it’s the other way around: women seem to get more colds than men. Nobody knows。