跨文化交际复习资料

跨文化交际复习资料Unit 1&2

Reviewing Papers for Intercultural Communication

Unit 1&2

I. Keywords

（1） Sender/Source: A sender/source is the person who transmits a message.（信息发出者/信息源：信息发出者/信息源指传递信息的人。）

（2） Message: A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.（信息：信息指引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。）

（3） Encoding : It refers to the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. （编码：编码指信息发出者选择言语或用非言语的方式发出有目的的信息的行为。）（4） Channel/Medium ：It is the method used to deliver a message. （渠道/媒介：渠道/媒介指发送信息的方法。）

（5） Receiver: A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message. （信息

接受者：信息接受者指信息接收者是指注意到信息并且赋予信息某些含义的人。）

（6） Decoding: It is the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received.（解码：解码指信息接受者赋予其收到的言语或符号信息意义的行为。）

（7）Feedback: The response of a receiver to a sender ' s message is c（l反d馈ee反b&k.

指信息接收者对信息源信息所做出的反应。）

（8） Noise: It is a term used for factors that interfere with the exchange of messages, including external noise physiological noise, psychological noise and semantic noise. （干扰：干扰指妨碍信息交流的各种因素。包括外界干扰，生理干扰，心理干扰和语义干扰。）

（9） Context: A context is the setting or situation within which communication takes place , including physical context, social context and interpersonal context. （语境：语境指交际发生的环境，包括自然语境，社会语境和人际语境。）

II. Definition of some terms

1. Culture : From intercultural perspective, culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with the world and with one another that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.

2 Intercultural communication: It refers to the communication between or among people from

different cultures. More precisely, it is the communication between people

whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event.（跨文化交际：跨文化交际指的是那些在文化认知和符号系统上存在差异的人们之间的交际。这些差异足以改变整个交际事件。）3. International communication: it takes place between nations and governments rather than - 1individuals; it is quite formal and ritualized. ( 国际交流：国际交流是指发生在国家和政府之间而非发生在个人之间的交际；此种交际非常正式和仪式化。)

4. Interracial communication: It occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races. (跨种族交际：跨种族交际是指交流信息的信息源和信息接受者来自不同的种族的交际。)

5. Interethnic communication: It is the communication between or among people from different ethnic groups in a country or culture. (跨民族交际：跨民族交际是指来自一个国家或文化内部的不同民族群体的人们之间的交际。)

6. Intracultural communication: it is defined as communication between or among members of the same culture. (文化内交际：文化内交际是指同一文化内部的成员之间的交际。)

III. Key Points

(1) The 3 characteristics of culture

Culture is coherent

Culture is learned

Culture is the view of a group of people

3 things culture does

Culture ranks what is important

Culture furnished attitudes

Culture dictate how to behave

(2) The nine components of communication.

(3) The definition of intercultural communication.

(4) The forms of intercultural communication.

International communication, Interracial communication, Interethnic communication, Intracultural communication.

IV. Difficult Points

(1) Distinct perspective definition of Culture

(2) The characteristics of Communication.

(3) How to understand Communication

(4) Relationship between culture and communication

References:

1) Culture is a powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It can be defined from distinct perspectives ；

From Intellectual Perspective

From Anthropologic Perspective

From Psychological Perspective

From Social Perspective

From Intercultural Communication Perspective

2) The following are some of the most distinctive features listed in the literature on communication.

Communication is dynamic

Communication is an on-going activity. In any communication event, the sender and the receiver of messages constantly shift from being encoders to decoders and the messages also change in each turn of interaction.

Communication is interactive

Communication is always done in two ways: the source sends messages to the receiver and the receiver responds to the message received and sends his message or response to the source. Thus the source and receiver are in a reciprocal situation attempting to influence one another in the process. What the influences are and how the influences function are among the major concerns of intercultural communicators.