正确练习扬琴的基本规范

正确练习扬琴的基本规范
一、关于扬琴的基本常识One, basic knowledge about the dulcimer （一）主要部件及其作用( a ) the main components and its function 扬琴的外形是一个上窄下宽的梯形木箱。

琴体里设有音梁；音梁侧立，上与面板，下与底板、两端与箱框连结成为扬琴的共鸣箱。

每台琴都有五六条音梁，每条音梁上的四五个圆孔为音孔。

Yangqin shape is a trapezoid wooden box width. The body is provided with the sound beam; the sound beam Celi, and panel, and the bottom plate, and both ends of the lower box connected as resonator dulcimer. Each organ has five or six sound beams, each sound beam on the four or five hole to hole. （二）如何挑选新琴与琴竹( two ) how to select new Qin and Qin Bamboo 1.好的扬琴的标准主要包括以下几个方面：1 good dulcimer standard includes the following: 看外观：看面板上面的木纹疏密是否均匀，走向是否平直；琴体做工是否精细。

琴框应油漆均匀、色泽纯正、光洁度高、且无裂纹、无掉漆、无破损。

查部件：查看左右两边的盖板与琴体是否的吻合；挂弦钉和弦轴是否排列的整齐均匀；滚珠、小桥码是否的齐全。

听声音：高音区要清脆、明亮、纯净、富有“颗粒感”，中音区要柔和、圆润；低音
区要浑厚、结实。

See appearance: see the panel above the wood density is uniform, trend is flat; the body is working fine. Music box should be painted uniform, pure color, high degree of finish, and no crack, no paint, no breakage. Check the parts: view about the cover plate and the body on both sides of the whether anastomosis; hanging string nail and peg are neatly arranged evenly; ball, the bridge code is complete. Listen to the voice: the treble area must be clear, bright, pure, rich " grain ", alto area should be soft, mellow bass area to be vigorous, strong. 2.挑选琴竹应注意以下几点：材料：有较大的弹性和韧性，手感要光滑。

色泽：颜色要偏粉黄，并富有光泽为佳。

形状：把琴竹仰放在桌面上，看看琴竹是否的平展，竹头与竹尾是否在一条直线上。

2 choose the Qin Bamboo should pay attention to the following points: Material: greater elasticity and toughness, smooth feel to. Color: color to partial yellow, and rich luster. Shape: the Qin Bamboo lying on the table, have a look whether Qin Bamboo flat head and tail, bamboo bamboo is in a straight line. 二、扬琴演奏的基本方法Two basic approaches, dulcimer performance （一）演奏姿势( a ) performing
posture 演奏扬琴以坐姿为主，演奏时要放松的坐在琴凳的二分之一或三分之一处，身体应距离琴20—25公分左右，两腿自然的分开与肩同宽，左腿稍前一些，右腿稍后一些。

大臂自然下垂，平稳的抬起小臂。

全身要自然的放松，随意而舒适，上身的前后、左右活动应轻松自如。

Playing dulcimer in a sitting position, play to relax sitting on the bench for 1/2 or 1/3, the body should be about 20 to 25 centimeters from the piano, legs naturally shoulder width apart, the left leg slightly in front, right leg later. Arm natural prolapse, raised his arm steady. The body naturally relax, casual and comfortable, the upper body around, around activities should be relaxed. （二）持竹方法( two ) hold the bamboo method 首先将琴竹全长的五分之一处放在食指的第一指关节，要靠在指尖一些，再将大指自然的压在上面，轻捏住竹柄。

通过三指将琴竹握稳，四、五指自然的弯曲、收拢。

然后检查整个手的手形是否自然的收拢，手的各个指关节是否僵硬。

The Qin Bamboo 1/5 full-length on the index finger of the first knuckle, depend on in the fingertips, then the largest natural pressure on it, gently pinch bamboo handle. The three refers to the Qin Bamboo hold steady, four, five fingers
naturally bend, fold. Then check the hand whole hand is naturally folded hands, each finger joints are stiff. （三）击弦的方法与要领( three ) and essentials of striking method 1.击弦的动作 1 striking action 大臂要自然的下垂，然后将小臂平稳的抬起，左右手持琴竹稍呈内八字形。

右手手腕抬起，使琴竹的竹头呈高位欲落击弦之势。

然后琴竹从高位落下击弦，这时要通过臂、腕和指的力量传递到琴竹的竹头上，然后在落下琴竹击弦的一刹那，将手腕和手指相结合，以手腕为主产生的力量集中、有力、并富有弹性的击在琴弦上，同时立即的放松，并顺势利用琴竹反弹的力量，回到下一次击弦的高度，进行第二次击弦。

Arm natural prolapse, then the small arm smooth lift, left and right hand Qin Bamboo slightly inner splay. The right hand wrist is raised, the bamboo head Qin Bamboo showed a high tendency to fall the action. Then the Qin Bamboo falls from the high time to be action, through the arm, wrist and finger force transmission to the bamboo head Qin Bamboo, and then in a moment of falling Qin bamboo string, the wrist and finger to wrist combination, mainly produce the power of concentration, powerful, and flexible struck the strings at the same time, immediately relax, and
homeopathic uses bamboo rebound force, back to the next chord height, second chord.2.击弦的部位The 2 part of the action 在击弦的时候每个音都应该是受力平衡、集中和均匀的，所以应该用琴竹头的中部来击弦。

理想的击弦位置是距离左琴码左右两侧约为2.5公分处；而中码、右码、低音码约为2公分处。

In the action when each tone should be balanced force, centralized and uniform, so you should use Qin Bamboo head in the middle of the action. The ideal string position is left on the left and right sides of Qin code distance is about 2.5 centimeters; while the code, the right code, bass code is about 2 cm. （四）扬琴弹奏中的平衡( four ) the dulcimer playing balance 1.身体的平衡。

在扬琴弹奏的过程当中，我们经常要持着琴竹弹奏扬琴的高音区或者是低音区，这时候随着身体的晃动重心也就偏移到了另外的一端。

此时为了保证身体的平衡，两腿必须自然的分开，且一前一后，这时两腿的功能就相当于身体的一种平衡器。

1 the balance of the body. In the process of dulcimer playing, we often have to hold the Qin Bamboo playing dulcimer treble or bass region is, this time with the body shaking focus has shifted to the other side. At this time in order to ensure the balance of the body, the
legs must be natural separation, and one after the other, then the legs of the functional equivalent of a balancer.
2.左右手的平衡。

无论演奏什么样的曲目，只要能注意左手和右手的协调、放松、和有机的配合，再难演奏的曲目也是能迎刃而解的。

The 2 left and right hand balance. No matter what kind of music playing, as long as the attention to left and right hand coordination, relax, and organic complexes, again difficult repertoire is also can be smoothly done or easily solved. 三、扬琴初学者应练习的练习曲Three, the dulcimer beginners should practice exercises （一）对于初学扬琴的人而言，首先要注重演奏时的姿势，击弦的动作、海吉布和基本的竹法。

然后通过练习一些基本的练习曲和部分的乐曲教材，掌握扬琴发音的技术动作和规范，从而掌握“持竹点、击弦点、触槌点、支撑点、发力点”五个要点的综合技能。

( a ) for the beginner dulcimer people, we should pay more attention to playing position, action action, and the basic method of bamboo. Then practice some basic exercises and part of the music teaching materials, master dulcimer sounds technical movements and specification, and master the " comprehensive skills with bamboo, striking point, touch
the mallet point, support five points points, power points". （二）在熟悉了基本的音位后，初学者可以练习一些简单的小歌曲，如：《小星星》、《我是一只粉刷匠》，《采茶扑蝶》等。

( two ) in the familiar with the basic phonemes, beginners can practice some simple songs, such as: " little star ", " I am a painter ", " tea " and other butterflies flutter. 四、练琴的时间Four, practice time 初学者每天练琴的时间多少，取决于自己的精力和体力。

风冷冷却器练习的效果和时间要成正比，须知“勤能补拙，熟能生巧”，“勤”与“熟”是练习量的增加，“补拙”与“生巧”则是质的飞跃。

Many beginners to practice playing the piano every day time, depending on their energy and stamina. The effects of practice and time to be proportional to the notes, " Qinnengbuzhuo, skill comes. ", " increasing the ground " and " cooked " is the practice of weight, " fill " and " perfect " is a qualitative leap. 总而言之，对于初学扬琴的人来说，掌握正确、扎实的的基本功以及科学、有效的练习方法是至关重要的。

遇到一些比较难弹奏的片段就去拼命的狠练，手和腕子不舒服了也不肯去休息一下。

这样做，肌肉会长期的处于拉长的状态，慢慢的就会失去弹性，收缩不了，严重的还会出现肌肉酸痛的现象，山东锅炉从而导致不能弹琴的
后果。

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，希望广大的扬琴爱好者能够持之以恒、刻苦钻研，勇攀艺术的高峰。

To make a long story short, for the beginner dulcimer people, is very important to master the correct, solid basic skills and scientific, effective method of exercise. Meet some of the more difficult to play the fragment to desperately hard training, hand and wrist uncomfortable also refused to go to rest. In so doing, the muscles will chronically elongated state, it will slowly lose their elasticity, shrinkage, there will be a serious muscle soreness phenomenon, which leads to the consequences of not playing. Work harder, not a cold day, hope that the majority of the dulcimer lovers can persevere, assiduously, climb the peak of art.。